我们知道AndroID起始就是Gradle的一个第三方插件，它是由Google的AndroID开发团队开发的。但从AndroID的角度来看，AndroID插件是基于Gradle构建的，和AndroIDStudio完美无缝搭配的新一代构建系统。
2.AndroID Gradle插件分类在AndroID中有3类工程
1.App应用工程，他可以生成一个可运行的apk应用。
App插件ID ：com.androID.application
2.library库工程，他可以生成AAR包给其他App工程公用，就和我们的Jar一样，但是它包含了AndroID的资源等信息。
library插件ID ：com.androID.library
3.Test测试工程，用于对App工程或者library库工程进行单元测试
Test插件ID ：com.androID.test
apply plugin: 'com.androID.application'androID { compileSdkVersion 29 //配置我们编译AndroID工程的SDK，29是AndroIDSDK的API Level buildToolsversion "29.0.2" //AndroID构建工具的版本 //默认配置 defaultConfig { applicationID "com.ych.androIDgradle" //包名 minSdkVersion 15 //最低支持的AndroID系统API targetSdkVersion 29 //我们基于那个AndroID版本开发的 versionCode 1 //App应用内部版本号 versionname "1.0" //App应用版本名称 testInstrumentationRunner "androIDx.test.runner.AndroIDJUnitRunner" //用于配置单元测试时使用的Runner singingConfig singingConfigs.deBUG //默认配置签名信息 multIDexEnabled true //是否用于差分多个Dex的功能，也可以单独在buildTypes中进行配置。 } buildTypes { release { MinifyEnabled false //是否启用混淆 false不启用 true启用 zipAlignEnabled false //整理优化apk文件工具，提高应用运行效率 false不启用 true启用 shrinkResources false //是否自动移除未使用的资源 false不启用 true启用 proguardfiles getDefaultProguardfile('proguard-androID-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' //混淆，所使用的proguard配置文件。 singingConfig singingConfigs.deBUG //打包时 } }}dependencIEs { implementation filetree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) implementation 'androIDx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0' implementation 'androIDx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3' testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12' androIDTestImplementation 'androIDx.test:runner:1.2.0' androIDTestImplementation 'androIDx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'}AndroID Gradler工程配置都是在androID{}中，这是唯一的一个入口，通过它，可以对AndroID Gradle工程进行自定义配置。
4.自定义AndroID Gradle工程4.1 singingConfigs：配置默认的签名信息，对生成的APP签名。
signingConfigs { release { storefile file('../cartoonapp.jks') //签名证书文件 storePassword "xxxxxx" //签名证书文件的密码 keyAlias "xxxxxx" //签名证书中密钥别名 keyPassword "xxxxxx" //签名证书中密钥密码 } // 默认情况下deBUG模式签名已经被配置好；自动生成的deBUG证书，一般在$HOME/.androID/deBUG.keystore deBUG { storefile file('../cartoonapp.jks') //签名证书文件 storePassword "xxxxxx" //签名证书文件的密码 keyAlias "xxxxxx" //签名证书中密钥别名 keyPassword "xxxxxx" //签名证书中密钥密码 } }如果只有一个application module还好，如果我们有多个module怎么办呢？每次改版本号累不累？
解决方案：就是在root里申明全局变量，可以在单独的gradle里（比如新建一个config.gradle）
注意：申明然后使用apply from引用进来，或者直接定义在root的build.gradle中。
apply plugin: 'com.androID.application' apply from: '../config.gradle' //引入进来 ../表示上一级 androID { ... }5.1 config.gradle文件配置
rootProject.ext { androID = [ compileSdkVersion : 29, buildToolsversion : "29.0.2", applicationID : "com.ych.mvpadvance", minSdkVersion : 15, targetSdkVersion : 29, versionCode : 1, versionname : "1.0" ] //版本号 version = [ androIDSupportSdkVersion: "28.0.0", retrofitSdkVersion : "2.6.0", dagger2SdkVersion : "2.23.2", glIDeSdkVersion : "4.9.0", butterknifeSdkVersion : "9.0.0", rxlifecycleSdkVersion : "1.0", rxlifecycle2SdkVersion : "2.2.2", espressoSdkVersion : "3.0.1", canarySdkVersion : "1.6.3" ] dependencIEs = [ //support "appcompat-v7" : "com.androID.support:appcompat-v7:${version["androIDSupportSdkVersion"]}", "design" : "com.androID.support:design:${version["androIDSupportSdkVersion"]}", "support-v4" : "com.androID.support:support-v4:${version["androIDSupportSdkVersion"]}", "cardvIEw-v7" : "com.androID.support:cardvIEw-v7:${version["androIDSupportSdkVersion"]}", "annotations" : "com.androID.support:support-annotations:${version["androIDSupportSdkVersion"]}", "recyclervIEw-v7" : "com.androID.support:recyclervIEw-v7:${version["androIDSupportSdkVersion"]}", //network "retrofit" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:${version["retrofitSdkVersion"]}", "retrofit-converter-gson" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:${version["retrofitSdkVersion"]}", "retrofit-adapter-rxjava" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:${version["retrofitSdkVersion"]}", "retrofit-adapter-rxjava2" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:${version["retrofitSdkVersion"]}", "okhttp3" : "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.5.0", "okhttp4" : "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.0.0", "okhttp-urlconnection" : "com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.0.0", "glIDe" : "com.github.bumptech.glIDe:glIDe:${version["glIDeSdkVersion"]}", "glIDe-compiler" : "com.github.bumptech.glIDe:compiler:${version["glIDeSdkVersion"]}", "glIDe-loader-okhttp3" : "com.github.bumptech.glIDe:okhttp3-integration:${version["glIDeSdkVersion"]}", "picasso" : "com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2", //vIEw "autolayout" : "com.zhy:autolayout:1.4.5", "butterknife" : "com.jakewharton:butterknife:${version["butterknifeSdkVersion"]}", "butterknife-compiler" : "com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:${version["butterknifeSdkVersion"]}", "pickervIEw" : "com.contrarywind:AndroID-PickerVIEw:3.2.5", "photovIEw" : "com.github.chrisbanes.photovIEw:library:1.2.3", "numberprogressbar" : "com.daimajia.numberprogressbar:library:1.2@aar", "nineoldandroIDs" : "com.nineoldandroIDs:library:2.4.0", "paginate" : "com.github.markomilos:paginate:0.5.1", "vlayout" : "com.alibaba.androID:vlayout:1.1.0@aar", "autosize" : "me.jessyan:autosize:1.1.2", //rx1 "rxandroID" : "io.reactivex:rxandroID:1.2.1", "rxjava" : "io.reactivex:rxjava:1.3.0", "rxlifecycle" : "com.trello:rxlifecycle:${version["rxlifecycleSdkVersion"]}", "rxlifecycle-components" : "com.trello:rxlifecycle-components:${version["rxlifecycleSdkVersion"]}", "rxcache" : "com.github.VictorAlbertos.RxCache:runtime:1.7.0-1.x", "rxcache-jolyglot-gson" : "com.github.VictorAlbertos.Jolyglot:gson:0.0.4", "rxbinding-recyclervIEw-v7": "com.jakewharton.rxbinding:rxbinding-recyclervIEw-v7:1.0.1", "rxpermissions" : "com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions:rxpermissions:0.9.4@aar", "rxerrorhandler" : "me.jessyan:rxerrorhandler:1.0.1", //rx2 "rxandroID2" : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroID:2.1.1", "rxjava2" : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.10", "rxlifecycle2" : "com.trello.rxlifecycle2:rxlifecycle:${version["rxlifecycle2SdkVersion"]}", "rxlifecycle2-androID" : "com.trello.rxlifecycle2:rxlifecycle-androID:${version["rxlifecycle2SdkVersion"]}", "rxlifecycle2-components" : "com.trello.rxlifecycle2:rxlifecycle-components:${version["rxlifecycle2SdkVersion"]}", "rxcache2" : "com.github.VictorAlbertos.RxCache:runtime:1.8.3-2.x", "rxpermissions2" : "com.github.tbruyelle:rxpermissions:0.10.2", "rxerrorhandler2" : "me.jessyan:rxerrorhandler:2.1.1", //tools "dagger2" : "com.Google.dagger:dagger:${version["dagger2SdkVersion"]}", "dagger2-androID" : "com.Google.dagger:dagger-androID:${version["dagger2SdkVersion"]}", "dagger2-androID-support" : "com.Google.dagger:dagger-androID-support:${version["dagger2SdkVersion"]}", "dagger2-compiler" : "com.Google.dagger:dagger-compiler:${version["dagger2SdkVersion"]}", "dagger2-androID-processor": "com.Google.dagger:dagger-androID-processor:${version["dagger2SdkVersion"]}", "androIDeventbus" : "org.simple:androIDeventbus:1.0.5.1", "eventbus" : "org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.1.1", "otto" : "com.squareup:otto:1.3.8", "gson" : "com.Google.code.gson:gson:2.8.5", "multIDex" : "com.androID.support:multIDex:1.0.3", "javax.annotation" : "javax.annotation:Jsr250-API:1.0", "arouter" : "com.alibaba:arouter-API:1.3.1", "arouter-compiler" : "com.alibaba:arouter-compiler:1.1.4", "progressmanager" : "me.jessyan:progressmanager:1.5.0", "retrofit-url-manager" : "me.jessyan:retrofit-url-manager:1.4.0", "lifecyclemodel" : "me.jessyan:lifecyclemodel:1.0.1", //test "junit" : "junit:junit:4.12", "androIDJUnitRunner" : "androID.support.test.runner.AndroIDJUnitRunner", "runner" : "com.androID.support.test:runner:1.0.1", "espresso-core" : "com.androID.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:${version["espressoSdkVersion"]}", "espresso-contrib" : "com.androID.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:${version["espressoSdkVersion"]}", "espresso-intents" : "com.androID.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:${version["espressoSdkVersion"]}", "mockito-core" : "org.mockito:mockito-core:1.+", "timber" : "com.jakewharton.timber:timber:4.7.1", "logger" : "com.orhanobut:logger:2.2.0", "canary-deBUG" : "com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-androID:${version["canarySdkVersion"]}", "canary-release" : "com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-androID-no-op:${version["canarySdkVersion"]}", "umeng-analytics" : "com.umeng.analytics:analytics:6.0.1" ]}5.2 引用config.gradle文件中配置信息
apply plugin: 'com.androID.application'apply from: '../config.gradle'androID { compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.androID["compileSdkVersion"] buildToolsversion rootProject.ext.androID["buildToolsversion"] defaultConfig { applicationID rootProject.ext.androID["applicationID"] minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.androID["minSdkVersion"] targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.androID["targetSdkVersion"] versionCode rootProject.ext.androID["versionCode"] versionname rootProject.ext.androID["versionname"] testInstrumentationRunner rootProject.ext.dependencIEs["androIDJUnitRunner"] //设置支持的SO库架构 ndk { abiFilters 'armeabi', 'armeabi-v7a', 'arm64-v8a' ,'x86' , 'x86_64' } } buildTypes { release { MinifyEnabled false proguardfiles getDefaultProguardfile('proguard-androID-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } deBUG { MinifyEnabled false proguardfiles getDefaultProguardfile('proguard-androID-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } }}dependencIEs { implementation filetree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) implementation 'androIDx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0' implementation 'androIDx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3' testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12' androIDTestImplementation 'androIDx.test:runner:1.2.0' androIDTestImplementation 'androIDx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0' //引用 implementation rootProject.ext.dependencIEs.okhttp3}AndroID Gradle中提供了非常便捷的方法让我们来替换AndroIDManifest文件内容，他就是manifestPlaceholder，Manifest占位符，也可以在defaultConfig中配置。
productFlavors { _xiaomi { ... manifestPlaceholders = [ JPUSH_PKGname: applicationID, JPUSH_APPKEY : rootProject.ext.APIenv == 0 ? rootProject.ext.jpushReleaseKey : rootProject.ext.APIenv == 4 ? rootProject.ext.jpushReleaseKey : rootProject.ext.jpushTestKey, //JPush上注册的包名对应的appkey. 正式 JPUSH_CHANNEL: "developer-default", //暂时填写默认值即可. JPUSH_APPname: rootProject.ext.APIenv == 0 ? "安路通正式2.1" : rootProject.ext.APIenv == 4 ? "天天快车" : "安路通测试2.1", BAIDU_APPKEY : rootProject.ext.APIenv == 0 ? rootProject.ext.baIDuReleaseKey : rootProject.ext.APIenv == 4 ? rootProject.ext.baIDuReleaseKey : rootProject.ext.baIDuTestKey, JPUSH_ICON : rootProject.ext.APIenv == 0 ? "@mipmap/ic_launcher": rootProject.ext.APIenv == 1 ? "@mipmap/ic_launcher": "@drawable/tianhong", ] } }AndroIDManifest中使用：
<application androID:name=".app.SampleApplication" androID:allowBackup="true" androID:icon="${JPUSH_ICON}" androID:label="${JPUSH_APPname}" androID:largeHeap="true" androID:supportsRtl="true" androID:theme="@style/Apptheme"> <!-- required. For publish channel feature --> <!-- JPUSH_CHANNEL 是为了方便开发者统计APK分发渠道。 --> <!-- 例如: --> <!-- 发到 Google Play 的APK可以设置为 Google-play; --> <!-- 发到其他市场的 APK 可以设置为 xxx-market。 --> <!-- 目前这个渠道统计功能的报表还未开放。 --> <Meta-data androID:name="JPUSH_CHANNEL" androID:value="${JPUSH_CHANNEL}" /> <!-- required. AppKey copIEd from Portal --> <Meta-data androID:name="JPUSH_APPKEY" androID:value="${JPUSH_APPKEY}" /></application>
//默认的BuildConfig public final class BuildConfig { public static final boolean DEBUG = Boolean.parseBoolean("true"); public static final String APPliCATION_ID = "com.ych.androIDgradle"; public static final String BUILD_TYPE = "deBUG"; public static final String FLAVOR = ""; public static final int VERSION_CODE = 1; public static final String VERSION_name = "1.0"; }假设我们有 BaIDu 和 Google 两个渠道，发布的时候也会有两个渠道。当我们安装BaIDu渠道包的时候打开的 是BaIDu首页，当安装Google渠道包的时候，打开的是Google的首页。我们只需要添加一个字段(WEB_URL)，字段名自己定义。
androID { compileSdkVersion 29 buildToolsversion "29.0.2" defaultConfig { applicationID "com.ych.androIDgradle" minSdkVersion 15 targetSdkVersion 29 versionCode 1 versionname "1.0" testInstrumentationRunner "androIDx.test.runner.AndroIDJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { MinifyEnabled false proguardfiles getDefaultProguardfile('proguard-androID-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } productFlavors { Google { buildConfigFIEld "String", "WEB_URL", ' "http://www.Google.com " ' buildConfigFIEld "int", "API_ENV", ' "1 " ' buildConfigFIEld "boole", "API_ENV", ' "1 " ' } baIDu { buildConfigFIEld "String", "WEB_URL", ' "http://www.baIDu.com " ' buildConfigFIEld "int", "API_ENV", ' "2" ' } }}签名是一个很敏感的东西，只要有了签名文件和对应的密码信息，就能轻易反编译修改源码然后再签名进行发布，因此如何保存这些敏感信息是很重要的。
在我的个人实践中，主要做了这么几点：
8.1 在local.propertIEs文件下定义keystore信息文件路径:
sdk.dir=D\:\Develop\SDKkeystore.props.file=../keystore.propertIEs8.2 keystore.propertIEs保存keystore信息:
store=../buildsystem/alt.keystore
alias=xxx
pass=xxx
storePass=xxx
8.3 buildsystem下保存了:
文件加下放入我们的签名文件 xxx.keystore/ xxx.jks
deBUG.keystore
release.keystore
**8.4 application module的signingConfigs:
signingConfigs { def PropertIEs localProps = new PropertIEs() localProps.load(new fileinputStream(file('../local.propertIEs'))) def PropertIEs keyProps = new PropertIEs() // 如果读取不到'keystore.props.file'属性，就使用deBUG keystore if (localProps['keystore.props.file']) { keyProps.load(new fileinputStream(file(localProps['keystore.props.file']))) } else { keyProps["store"] = '../buildsystem/deBUG.keystore' keyProps["alias"] = 'androID' keyProps["storePass"] = 'androIDdeBUGkey' keyProps["pass"] = 'androID' } deBUG { storefile file(keyProps["store"]) keyAlias keyProps["alias"] storePassword keyProps["storePass"] keyPassword keyProps["pass"] } release { // release版本使用assert确保存在该属性否则报错，避免错误打包 assert localProps['keystore.props.file']; storefile file(keyProps["store"]) keyAlias keyProps["alias"] storePassword keyProps["storePass"] keyPassword keyProps["pass"] } }本篇主要讲了开发阶段gradle的各种实践，希望可以帮到大家。
作者：如愿以偿丶
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/6c1fcf251623
来源：简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
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