【小阅读^大脑袋】0813 NO.400

概述Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in s

Something in chocolate Could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines,say UK researchers.

Their study found that theobromine,found in cocoa,was nearly a third more effective in stopPing coughs than codeine,which was consIDered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online saID the discovery Could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life,and this discovery Could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” saID Professor Peter barnes.

Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine,codeine or placebo,a pill that contains no medicine,during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin,which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopPing coughs.

The team found that,when the volunteers were given theobromine,the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher Levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

The researchers saID that theobromine worked by keePing down a nerve activity,which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments,theobromine caused no sIDe effects such as sleepiness.
DCB
答案解析：
1. According to Professor barnes,theobromine ______.
A. cannot be as effective as codeine
B. can be harmful to people’s health
C. cannot be separated from chocolate
D. can be a more effective cure for coughs
解析：D正确
根据巴尔内斯教授所说，可可碱怎么样？
Their study found that theobromine,found in cocoa,was nearly a third more effective in stopPing coughs than codeine可以知道可可碱是更有效的止咳药物。

 

2. What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?
A. Theobromine.
B. Codeine.
C. Capsaicin.
D. Placebo.
解析：C正确
实验中使用什么来引起咳嗽？
可在文中直接找到：The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin,which is used in research to cause coughing……

3. We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.
A. were patIEnts with bad coughs
B. were divIDed into the three groups
C. received standard treatments
D. suffered little sIDe effects
解析：B正确
我们从这篇文章可以知道实验中的志愿者怎样？
十位健康的志愿者在试验期间服用可可碱，可待因，不含药物的安慰剂，由此可以推断志愿者被分为三组。

参考译文：
英国研究者指出巧克力中含有的某种物质可能被用来止咳，制成更有效的药物。

他们经过研究发现在可可中发现的可可碱的镇咳功效比可待因高三分之一，被认为是目前最好的镇咳药。

伦敦皇家学院的研究者将研究结果在网上公布，称这项发现会有利于更有效的镇咳药的诞生。“虽然咳嗽没有多大伤害，但是对生活品质有很大的影响，这项发现可谓是解决这一问题上前进的一大步，”皮特•巴尔内斯教授说。

十位健康的志愿者在试验期间服用可可碱，可待因，不含药物的对照剂。志愿者和研究者都不知道每人服用的是哪种药物。研究者之后测量了辣椒素的水平，辣椒素在研究中被用来引发咳嗽，作为药物止咳功效的凭据。

研究队伍发现志愿者服用可可碱时，辣椒素的用量需要比无效对照剂组多三分之一。而服用可待因组只需比无效对照剂组多用一点辣椒素就可以引发咳嗽。

研究人员表示可可碱通过抑制引起咳嗽的神经活动来发挥功效。他们还发现与某些标准镇咳药相比，可可碱不会引起嗜睡这样的副作用。

 

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词汇及短语：
theobromine: 可可碱
cocoa: 可可，可可粉
codeine: 可待因(自鸦片中提取的碱质),用以镇痛,镇咳,催眠等
placebo: （给无实际治疗需要者的）安慰剂; 无效对照药
capsaicin: 辣椒素sIDe effect: (药物等起到的)副作用

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