Silverlight的RIA应用中访问远端的WebService或WCF服务,都是通过异步线程模式调用的。在某些情况下我们的调用是需要同步进行,虽然Silverlight没有内置同步线程模式调用远端服务接口,但是我们可以通过多线程的处理来伪装出同步调用的实现。在.NET Framework的多线程编程中提供了丰富的线程接口,其中autoresetEvent和ManualresetEvent在多线程编码中最为常用,本文将介绍如何通过autoresetEvent的线程等待特性实现Silverlight同步调用远端WCF服务。
一、定义WCF服务
为了演示同步调用WCF服务的实现,提供一个简单的WCF服务接口,完成返回一本图书基本信息,WCF服务接口定义如下:
[ServiceContract]public interface IDataService
{
[OperationContract]
Book GetBook();
}
public class Book
{
public int ID { get ; set ; }
public string name { get ; set ; }
public string Author { get ; set ; }
public double Price { get ; set ; }
}
接口提供一个返回图书基本信息的方法,包括图书编好,图书名,图书作者以及图书价格。接口具体的实现如下代码:
public class DataService : IDataService{
public Book GetBook()
{
return new Book
{
ID = 1001 ,
name = " 《三国演义》 " ,
Author = " 罗贯中 " ,
Price = 89.50
};
}
}
如上提供可正常运行的WCF服务接口,在需要调用接口的地方通过WEB引用既可生成该服务的客户端代理对象。
二、基于MVVM模式的视图模型
MVVM模式的核心为INotifyPropertyChanged接口,对于实体模型对象和UI控件元素间提供了完善的同步更新特性。为了方便界面元素同步更新,这里引入了MVVP模式的简单应用。
public class viewmodelBase : INotifyPropertyChanged{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected voID RaisePropertyChangedEvent( string propertyname)
{
var handler = PropertyChanged;
if (handler != null )
handler( this , new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyname));
}
}
还需要对应于服务接口中的Book对象定义一个viewmodel对象,详细如下代码所示:
public class Bookviewmodel : viewmodelBase{
private int ID;
/// <summary>
/// 图书ID
/// </summary>
public int ID
{
get { return ID; }
set
{
ID = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent( " ID " );
}
}
private string name;
/// <summary>
/// 图书名称
/// </summary>
public string name
{
get { return name; }
set
{
name = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent( " name " );
}
}
private string author;
/// <summary>
/// 图书作者
/// </summary>
public string Author
{
get { return author; }
set
{
author = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent( " Author " );
}
}
private double price;
/// <summary>
/// 图书价格
/// </summary>
public double Price
{
get { return price; }
set
{
price = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent( " Price " );
}
}
}
三、基于autoresetEvent的同步实现
利用autoresetEvent的线程等待特性,可以折中实现Silverlight同步调用远端WCF服务。其原理就是在Silverlight发起异步调用远端WCF的时候进行线程阻塞,比记录异步调用远端WCF服务接口的完成事件,当异步调用完成后就终止线程阻塞,从而获取状态事件对象中或得调用远程接口所返回的结果。由于视图模型对象实现了INotifyPropertyChanged接口能够及时的更新界面元素,以此间接的就实现了同步方式调用。
public class AsyncCallStatus < T >{
public AsyncCallStatus()
{
}
public T CompletedEventArgs { get ; set ; }
}
public class BookFacade
{
private autoresetEvent autoresetEvent = new autoresetEvent( false );
public voID GetBook(Bookviewmodel viewmodel)
{
if (viewmodel == null )
{
throw new ArgumentNullException( " viewmodel " , " 参数不能为空。 " );
}
DataService.DataServiceClIEnt clIEnt = new DataService.DataServiceClIEnt();
clIEnt.GetBookCompleted += clIEnt_GetBookCompleted;
var status = new AsyncCallStatus < GetBookCompletedEventArgs > ();
clIEnt.GetBookAsync(status);
// 阻塞线程
autoresetEvent.WaitOne();
if (status.CompletedEventArgs.Error != null )
{
throw status.CompletedEventArgs.Error;
}
var book = status.CompletedEventArgs.Result;
viewmodel.ID = book.ID;
viewmodel.name = book.name;
viewmodel.Author = book.Author;
viewmodel.Price = book.Price;
}
private voID clIEnt_GetBookCompleted( object sender, GetBookCompletedEventArgs e)
{
var status = e.UserState as AsyncCallStatus < GetBookCompletedEventArgs > ;
status.CompletedEventArgs = e;
// 终止线程阻塞
autoresetEvent.Set();
}
}
四、Silverlight前端调用
Siverlight前端就简单布局一个表单作为数据呈现界面,其代码如下:
< GrID x:name ="LayoutRoot" Background ="White" >< GrID HorizontalAlignment ="left" name ="grID1" VerticalAlignment ="top" WIDth ="300" margin ="20" >
< GrID.RowDeFinitions >
< RowDeFinition Height ="30" ></ RowDeFinition >
< RowDeFinition Height ="30" ></ RowDeFinition >
< RowDeFinition Height ="30" ></ RowDeFinition >
< RowDeFinition Height ="30" ></ RowDeFinition >
< RowDeFinition Height ="30" ></ RowDeFinition >
</ GrID.RowDeFinitions >
< GrID.ColumnDeFinitions >
< ColumnDeFinition WIDth ="60" ></ ColumnDeFinition >
< ColumnDeFinition WIDth ="*" ></ ColumnDeFinition >
</ GrID.ColumnDeFinitions >
< sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment ="left" Content ="图书编号:" VerticalAlignment ="Center" GrID.Column ="0" GrID.Row ="0" />
< TextBox Text =" {Binding ID} " GrID.Column ="1" GrID.Row ="0" ></ TextBox >
< sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment ="left" Content ="图书名称:" VerticalAlignment ="Center" GrID.Column ="0" GrID.Row ="1" />
< TextBox Text =" {Binding name} " GrID.Column ="1" GrID.Row ="1" ></ TextBox >
< sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment ="left" Content ="图书作者:" VerticalAlignment ="Center" GrID.Column ="0" GrID.Row ="2" />
< TextBox Text =" {Binding Author} " GrID.Column ="1" GrID.Row ="2" ></ TextBox >
< sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment ="left" Content ="图书价格:" VerticalAlignment ="Center" GrID.Column ="0" GrID.Row ="3" />
< TextBox Text =" {Binding Price} " GrID.Column ="1" GrID.Row ="3" ></ TextBox >
< button Content ="查询" GrID.Column ="1" GrID.Row ="4" WIDth ="60" Height ="23" Click ="button_Click" ></ button >
</ GrID >
</ GrID >
通过按钮执行调用WCF服务接口查询图书信息,按钮事件直接使用上面所写的图书门面类(BookFacade)的调用服务方法即可。
private voID button_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){
try
{
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem( delegate ( object o)
{
Bookviewmodel viewmodel = new Bookviewmodel();
new BookFacade().GetBook(viewmodel);
Deployment.Current.dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => this .DataContext = viewmodel);
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
}
最终的运行如下图所示效果:
总结
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