iOS使用fastlane实现持续集成的方法教程

概述iOS使用fastlane实现持续集成的方法教程 前言 最近公司有打渠道包的需求,领导说使用fastlane来做持续集成,发了点时间研究了下,所有有了这篇文章 本文主要涉及到以下几个主题: fastlane是什么和为什么使用fastlane fastlane安装和设置 在项目中集成fastlane 是什么和为什么 fastlane是一款使用ruby实现的跨平台的持续集成工具,支持安卓和iOS平台项目的持续集成实践,fastlane处理提供基本的但是很强大的包含了:初始设置.屏幕截图.打包.上传到测试平台.部署等功能.此外还有大量的第三方插件可以

前言

最近公司有打渠道包的需求，领导说使用fastlane来做持续集成，发了点时间研究了下，所有有了这篇文章

本文主要涉及到以下几个主题：

fastlane是什么和为什么使用fastlanefastlane安装和设置在项目中集成fastlane

是什么和为什么

fastlane是一款使用ruby实现的跨平台的持续集成工具，支持安卓和iOS平台项目的持续集成实践，fastlane处理提供基本的但是很强大的包含了：初始设置、屏幕截图、打包、上传到测试平台、部署等功能。此外还有大量的第三方插件可以使用，比如fir插件支持上传beta版本到fir测试平台，appicon插件支持自定义某个子版本的应用图标，还有很多不胜枚举。

因为项目的配置、打包、上传等一系列 *** 作是耗时且没有技术含量的工作，所以有了fastlane可以为我们节省大量的没有什么价值的时间花费，以提高我们的工作效率。

fastlane安装和设置

安装

支持三种方式安装

使用brew安装

brew cask install fastlane

使用gem安装

sudo gem install fastlane -NV

下载安装包安装

fastlane下载，下载完了之后打开install脚本即可安装

安装完成之后命令行输入fastlane -v，可以看到fastlane的版本信息说明安装成功了，接下来可以继续设置步骤

➜ PlushGame fastlane -vfastlane installation at path:/Users/aron/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0@global/gems/fastlane-2.62.0/bin/fastlane-----------------------------fastlane 2.62.0

设置

进入到项目目录执行fastlane init命令，会有一系列的设置，包含了登录apple账号，确认fastlane检测到的项目信息确认，登录iTunesConnect和从iTunesConnect拉取项目已存在的信息

➜ PlushGame fastlane init[20:37:45]: Get started using a Gem@R_301_6852@ for fastlane https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#use-a-gem@R_301_6852@[20:37:48]: Detected iOS/Mac project in current directory......# 根据提示输入项目的Apple ID和对应的密码，会自动登录到苹果开发者后台，拉取开发者账号对应的信息完成设置[20:37:52]: Your Apple ID (e.g. fastlane@krausefx.com): XXXXXX@126.com[20:37:55]: Verifying that app is available on the Apple Developer Portal and iTunes Connect...[20:37:55]: Starting login with user 'XXXXXX@126.com'-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Please provIDe your Apple Developer Program account credentialsThe login information you enter will be stored in your macOS KeychainYou can also pass the password using the `FASTLANE_PASSWORD` environment variableMore information about it on GitHub: https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane/tree/master/credentials_manager-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 输入Apple ID 对应的密码Password (for XXXXXX@126.com): **************+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+|       Detected Values       |+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+| Apple ID  | XXXXXX@126.com         || App name  | PlushGame           || App IDentifIEr | com.xxxx.xxxx        || Workspace  | /Users/aron/PuTaoWorkSpace/project/PlushGame/PlushG ||    | ame.xcworkspace          |+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+# 检测到的项目信息要求确认，按y即可[20:38:50]: Please confirm the above values (y/n)y[20:39:03]: Created new @R_301_6852@ './fastlane/App@R_301_6852@'. Edit it to manage your preferred app Metadata information.[20:39:03]: Loading up 'deliver',this might take a few seconds[20:39:03]: Login to iTunes Connect (XXXXXXX@126.com)[20:39:16]: Login successful+--------------------------------------+------------------------+|     deliver 2.62.0 Summary      |+--------------------------------------+------------------------+| run_precheck_before_submit   | false     || screenshots_path      | ./fastlane/screenshots || Metadata_path      | ./fastlane/Metadata || username        | XXXXXX@126.com || app_IDentifIEr      | com.xxxx.xxxxx || edit_live       | false     || platform        | ios     || skip_binary_upload     | false     || skip_screenshots      | false     || skip_Metadata      | false     || skip_app_version_update    | false     || force        | false     || submit_for_revIEw     | false     || automatic_release     | false     || dev_portal_team_ID     | JN55YSQ744    || overwrite_screenshots    | false     || precheck_default_rule_level   | warn     || ignore_language_directory_valIDation | false     |+--------------------------------------+------------------------+# 从ituneconnect拉取已存在的元数据，这里只有截屏的信息[20:39:34]: Downloading all existing screenshots...[20:39:37]: Downloading existing screenshot '1_iphone58_1.X1_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'[20:39:42]: Downloading existing screenshot '2_iphone58_2.X2_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'[20:40:22]: Downloading existing screenshot '3_iphone58_3.X3_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'[20:40:49]: Downloading existing screenshot '4_iphone58_4.X5_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'....

初始化设置之后再项目文件夹下多出了一个fastlane文件夹，主要有以下的一些的信息

➜ fastlane tree.├── App@R_301_6852@├── Deliver@R_301_6852@├── Fast@R_301_6852@├── Metadata│ ├── app_icon.jpg│ ├── copyright.txt│ └── zh-Hans│  ├── description.txt│  ├── keywords.txt│  ├── marketing_url.txt│  ├── name.txt│  ├── privacy_url.txt│  ├── promotional_text.txt│  ├── release_notes.txt│  ├── subTitle.txt│  └── support_url.txt└── screenshots ├── README.txt └── zh-Hans  ├── 1_iphone58_1.X1_1.jpg  ├── 1_iphone6Plus_1.1.png  ├── 2_iphone58_2.X2_1.jpg  ├── 2_iphone6Plus_2.2.png  ├── 3_iphone58_3.X3_1.jpg  ├── 3_iphone6Plus_3.3.png  ├── 4_iphone58_4.X5_1.jpg  ├── 4_iphone6Plus_4.4.png  └── 5_iphone6Plus_5.5.png8 directorIEs,62 @R_301_6852@s

最重要的是App@R_301_6852@文件、Fast@R_301_6852@文件和Deliver@R_301_6852@文件

App@R_301_6852@文件保存了项目信息，包含项目使用的apple账号信息、项目的team_ID信息、项目IDentifIEr信息

app_IDentifIEr "com.xxxx.xxxx" # The bundle IDentifIEr of your appapple_ID "XXXXXX@126.com" # Your Apple email addressteam_ID "XXXXXSQ744" # Developer Portal Team ID

Fast@R_301_6852@文件保存了apple账号信息和teamID信息，该文件的信息用于上传appStore使用

app_IDentifIEr "com.sanshuai.FunCatch" # The bundle IDentifIEr of your appusername "sanshuai2017@126.com" # your Apple ID user

Fast@R_301_6852@文件定义了一些列的action，包含了项目打包设置、项目打包、项目截图、项目上传测试平台、项目发布、项目打包完成后期的一些 *** 作

初始的Fast@R_301_6852@大致如下，可以看到 lane :release 包含了

snapshot action用于截屏

gym action用于打包

deliver action用于上传到App Store

frameit action用于给截屏添加边框

after_all 块中的slack action 则是负责打包成功之后发送信息到slack

fastlane_version "2.62.0"default_platform :iosplatform :ios do desc "Deploy a new version to the App Store" lane :release do # match(type: "appstore") # snapshot gym(scheme: "PlushGame") # Build your app - more options available deliver(force: true) # frameit end # You can define as many lanes as you want after_all do |lane| # This block is called,only if the executed lane was successful # slack( # message: "Successfully deployed new App Update." # ) endend

接下来是为我们自己的项目编写符合业务需求的Fast@R_301_6852@了

fastlane项目集成

fastlane 详细介绍

该部分会详细的介绍fastlane中的块 *** 作和lane的用途，以及fastlane中预定义的常用的action

fastlane 中的块和lane

fastlane 包含了预定义块有：

before_all 块用于项目打包之前的 *** 作，比如可以使用cocopods命令更新pod库（如果使用的是pod项目）

after_all 块用于项目打包完成之后的 *** 作，比如通知用户打包完成

error 块用于项目打包失败之后的 *** 作，比如通知用户打包失败

lane 定义一个打包 *** 作的具体流程，预设的有 lane :release定义了打包并且发布到App Store，lane :beta 打包并且发布到testflight测试平台。

fastlane 常用的action以及参数

fastlane中最主要的 *** 作就是调用action，fastlane预定义了很多很有用的action，如果不够还可以使用第三发提供的插件调用第三发的action。下面介绍几个fastlane中预定的action

gym 是打包action，是 build_ios_app action的别名，他有以下常用的参数：

key	描述
workspace	如果项目是一个workspace，则是该项目的workspace路径
project	项目的project路径
scheme	项目的scheme，注意指定的scheme需要被指定为shared，/->Manage Schemes->Shared复选框需要打钩
output_directory	打包保存路径
output_name	打包保存的文件名
export_method	相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod 可选:[app-store,ad-hoc,package,enterprise,development(默认),developer-ID]
configuration	相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release,DeBUG]，Release会生成dsym文件，而DeBUG不会

set_info_pList_value是设置修改info.pList文件的 action，一次调用该action只能设置一个值，可以多次调用该命令来设置多个值，他有以下常用的参数：

key	描述
path	info.pList文件路径
key	info.pList文件中的key
value	key对应的值

pilot 是上传到TestFlight的 action，是 upload_to_testflight action的别名，没有特殊需求可以不指定参数

deliver 是上传到App Store的 action，是 upload_to_app_store action的别名，没有特殊需求可以不指定参数，会从Deliver@R_301_6852@文件读取账号信息登录到ITunesConnect从./fastlane/Metadata ./fastlane/screenshots 文件夹中读取配置的App信息元数据然后上传

fastlane其他 *** 作

fastlane是一个ruby的脚本，可以在里面执行自定义的脚本文件，比如添加 sh "your_script.sh" 语句可以执行自定义的脚本命令，也可以添加 'pwd' (这里使用的是反引号)执行一个shell命令或者添加 exec("pwd") 执行一个shell命令

Fast@R_301_6852@文件基本的编写

下面以一个真实的业务场景为例，该业务场景要求多渠道打包，并且不同渠道对应的配置有差异（info.pList文件配置不同和图标不同），打包支持上传到fir测试平台，不同渠道打包的命名方式是【时间+渠道+名称.ipa】格式，最后还需要把对应的dsym文件和ipa文件压缩归档为一个zip包文件。

# Customise this @R_301_6852@,documentation can be found here:# https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions/# All available actions: https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions# can also be Listed using the `fastlane actions` command# Change the Syntax highlighting to Ruby# All lines starting with a # are ignored when running `fastlane`# If you want to automatically update fastlane if a new version is available:# update_fastlane# This is the minimum version number required.# Update this,if you use features of a newer versionfastlane_version "2.62.0"default_platform :iosplatform :ios do before_all do # ENV["SLACK_URL"] = "https://hooks.slack.com/services/..." # cocoapods # carthage end desc "Runs all the tests" lane :test do scan end # 定义全局参数：项目名称 projname = "Plush" # 定义全局参数：Assets路径 projAssetsPath = "../#{projname}/Resources/Assets.xcassets" # 定义全局参数：Info.pList路径 pListPath = "./#{projname}/Resources/Info.pList" # 定义全局参数：包名（接收之后压缩使用） pkgname = "" # 定义全局参数：基本包名 basePkgname = "Plush" # 定义全局参数：输出目录，对应output_directory配置 outputBaseDir = "output"  desc "自定义的渠道打包" desc "使用方式：苹果助手：`bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:pgzs shouldUp:0`" desc "使用方式：91助手：`bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:0`" desc "op 支持参数： ch:渠道类型[pgzs,91zs,AppStore(默认)]" desc "op 支持参数： shouldUp:是否需要上传[0,1]" desc "op 支持参数： up:上传类型[testflight,fir]" desc "op 支持参数： exportMethod: export_method 配置[app-store,development（默认）,developer-ID] ** up为testflight需要制定为app-store **" desc "op 支持参数： version:版本(可选)" desc "op 支持参数： build:构建版本(可选，testflight和appstore这个参数需要制定一个不重复的)" lane :customChannelBeta do |op| # 渠道 channel = op[:ch] if channel.nil? || channel.empty?  channel = "AppStore" end # 打包名字 time = Time.new dateTimeStr = "#{time.year}-#{time.month}-#{time.day}_#{time.hour}-#{time.min}" pkgname = "#{dateTimeStr}_#{channel}_#{basePkgname}.ipa" # match(type: "appstore") # more information: https://codesigning.guIDe #设置pList，此处传入pList路径，可以用来做环境配置 set_info_pList_value(path: pListPath,key: "pt_channel",value: channel) # # 设置AppIcon # iconPath = op[:iconPath] # if iconPath.nil? || iconPath.empty? # iconPath = "channel_config/#{channel}/icon1024.png" # iconPath = "channel_config/91zs/icon1024.png" # end # puts "iconPath = #{iconPath}" # appicon(appicon_image_@R_301_6852@: iconPath,# appicon_devices: [:ipad,:iphone,:ios_marketing,:watch,:watch_marketing]) # 拷贝AppIcon.appiconset替换图标 iconAssetPath = op[:iconPath] if iconAssetPath.nil? || iconAssetPath.empty?  iconAssetPath = "../channel_config/#{channel}/AppIcon.appiconset" end cpCmd = "cp -fRv #{iconAssetPath} #{projAssetsPath}" `#{cpCmd}` puts "cpCmd = #{cpCmd}" # 设置显示版本和构建版本 version = op[:version] build = op[:build] if version.nil? || version.empty? else  increment_version_number(version_number: version) end if build.nil? || build.empty? else  increment_build_number(build_number: build) end exportMethod = op[:exportMethod] if exportMethod.nil? || exportMethod.empty?  exportMethod = "development" end puts "exportMethod = #{exportMethod} pkgname = #{pkgname} outputBaseDir = #{outputBaseDir}" # build_ios_app 参数配置 gym(  export_method: exportMethod,# 相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod:[app-store,developer-ID]  output_name: pkgname,configuration: "Release",# 相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release,DeBUG]，Release会生成dsym文件，而DeBUG不会  output_directory: outputBaseDir,scheme: "Plush",) # 是否需要上传配置，默认不上传 shouldUp = op[:shouldUp] if shouldUp == "1"  # 上传测试包到测试平台类型，默认上传到fir，可以支持多种测试平台使用逗号分隔  # testflight,fir  upType = op[:up]  if upType.nil? || upType.empty?  upType = "fir"  end  if upType.include? "testflight"  pilot # 上传到testflight  elsif upType.include? "fir"  firim(firim_API_token: "xxxxxxxx")#上传fir，如果是新项目，fir会自动创建  end end end desc "上传到 App Store" lane :release do # match(type: "appstore") # snapshot gym(  export_method: "app-store",development,) deliver(force: true) # frameit end # You can define as many lanes as you want after_all do |lane,op| # This block is called,only if the executed lane was successful # slack( # message: "Successfully deployed new App Update." # ) if !pkgname.empty?  @R_301_6852@name = pkgname.gsub(".ipa","")  dsymname = "#{@R_301_6852@name}.app.dSYM.zip"  zip@R_301_6852@name = "#{@R_301_6852@name}.zip"  # 使用zip命令压缩  zipCmd = "zip ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{zip@R_301_6852@name} ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{dsymname} ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{pkgname}"  puts "begin zip #{zipCmd}"  `#{zipCmd}` end end error do |lane,exception| # slack( # message: exception.message,# success: false # ) endend

使用方式：

#打91助手渠道的包不上传bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:0# 91助手渠道打包并且上传到firbundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:1 up:fir# testflight 打包上传bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta shouldUp:1 up:testflight exportMethod:app-store# AppStore 打包上传bundle exec fastlane release

执行打包的命令会在项目目录下生成一个output目录，内容如下

➜ output tree.├── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.app.dSYM.zip├── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.ipa└── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.zip

添加第三方插件

fastlane有很多的第三方扩展插件，下面以添加firim插件为例

查找插件

使用fastlane search_plugins查找插件

➜ output fastlane search_plugins fir...+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+|     fastlane plugins 'fir'     |+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+| name  | Description       | Downloads |+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+| firebase | Unofficial tool to access Firebase | 1393  ||   | project settings     |   || firim | firim        | 1142  || fir  | Upload a new build to fir.im  | 807  |+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+

安装插件

使用fastlane add_plugin安装插件

# fastlane 安装firim插件➜ PlushGame fastlane add_plugin firim# 添加 `bundle exec` 使用本地的插件，加快速度➜ PlushGame bundle exec fastlane add_plugin firim[15:08:48]: Plugin 'fastlane-plugin-firim' was added to './fastlane/Plugin@R_301_6852@'[15:08:48]: Make sure to commit your Gem@R_301_6852@,Gem@R_301_6852@.lock and Plugin@R_301_6852@ to version controlInstalling plugin dependencIEs...Successfully installed plugins

添加成功之后再 fastlane 目录下多出了一个 Plugin@R_301_6852@ 文件，描述添加的插件的信息

# autogenerated by fastlane## Ensure this @R_301_6852@ is checked in to source control!gem 'fastlane-plugin-firim'

插件使用方法

使用fastlane action查找某个action的使用方法和参数，下面是查找firim action的使用方法和参数的例子

➜ Plush.app fastlane action firim[23:50:31]: fastlane detected a Gem@R_301_6852@ in the current directory[23:50:31]: however it seems like you don't use `bundle exec`[23:50:31]: to launch fastlane faster,please use[23:50:31]:[23:50:31]: $ bundle exec fastlane action firim[23:50:31]:[23:50:31]: Get started using a Gem@R_301_6852@ for fastlane https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#use-a-gem@R_301_6852@+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+|      Used plugins       |+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+| Plugin     | Version | Action     |+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+| fastlane-plugin-firim | 0.1.0 | firim     || fastlane-plugin-appicon | 0.11.0 | androID_appicon appicon |+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+Loading documentation for firim:+------------------------------------+|    firim    |+------------------------------------+| Uses firim to upload ipa to fir.im ||         || Created by whlsxl     |+------------------------------------++------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+|         firim Options         |+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+| Key     | Description    | Env Var   | Default |+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+| firim_API_token  | fir.im user API token |     |   || firim_username   | fir.im username,a sign |     |   ||      | for IDentify different |     |   ||      | token     |     |   || ipa     | Path to your ipa @R_301_6852@ | DEliVER_IPA_PATH |   || icon     | Path to the app icon,|     |   ||      | MUST BE jpg    |     |   || app_IDentifIEr   | The app's IDentifIEr  |     |   || app_name    | The app's name   |     |   || app_desc    | The app's desc   |     |   || app_short    | The app's short URL  |     |   || app_is_opened   | APP's download link  |     |   ||      | whether opened   |     |   || app_is_show_plaza  | Whether the app show in |     |   ||      | plaza     |     |   || app_passwd    | The app's download page |     |   ||      | password     |     |   || app_store_link_visible | Whether show store link |     |   ||      | in download page   |     |   || app_version   | The app's version  |     |   || app_build_version  | The app's build version |     |   || app_release_type  | The app's release type |     |   ||      | (Adhoc,Inhouse)   |     |   || app_changelog   | The app's changelog  |     |   || app_info_to_@R_301_6852@_path | Append all [app's name] |     |   ||      | : [URL] to this @R_301_6852@  |     |   |+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+More information can be found on https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions

在Fast@R_301_6852@中添加firim action，把包上传到fir，token可以到fir后台点击右上角的设置获取即可

firim(firim_API_token: "xxxxxx")#上传fir，如果是新项目，fir会自动创建

结束

以上就是fastlane在项目中的实战演练，需要能够帮助到需要得人

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