关于AndroID加载状态视图切换，具体内容如下
1.关于AndroID界面切换状态的介绍
怎样切换界面状态？有些界面想定制自定义状态？状态如何添加点击事件？下面就为解决这些问题！
内容界面
加载数据中
加载数据错误
加载后没有数据
没有网络
2.思路转变，抽取分离类管理几种状态
以前做法：
直接把这些界面include到main界面中，然后动态去切换界面，后来发现这样处理不容易复用到其他项目中，而且在activity中处理这些状态的显示和隐藏比较乱
利用子类继承父类特性，在父类中写切换状态，但有些界面如果没有继承父类，又该如何处理
现在做法：
让VIEw状态的切换和Activity彻底分离开，必须把这些状态VIEw都封装到一个管理类中，然后暴露出几个方法来实现VIEw之间的切换。
在不同的项目中可以需要的VIEw也不一样，所以考虑把管理类设计成builder模式来自由的添加需要的状态VIEw
3.关于该状态切换工具优点分析
可以自由切换内容，空数据，异常错误，加载，网络错误等5种状态
父类BaseActivity直接暴露5中状态，方便子类统一管理状态切换
/*** ================================================* 作 者：杨充* 版 本：1.0* 创建日期：2017/7/6* 描 述：抽取类* 修订历史：* ================================================*/public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity { protected StatusLayoutManager statusLayoutManager; @OverrIDe protected voID onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentVIEw(R.layout.activity_base_vIEw); initStatusLayout(); initBaseVIEw(); initToolbar(); initVIEw(); } protected abstract voID initStatusLayout(); protected abstract voID initVIEw(); /** * 获取到布局 */ private voID initBaseVIEw() { linearLayout ll_main = (linearLayout) findVIEwByID(R.ID.ll_main); ll_main.addVIEw(statusLayoutManager.getRootLayout()); } //正常展示数据状态 protected voID showContent() { statusLayoutManager.showContent(); } //加载数据为空时状态 protected voID showEmptyData() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData(); } //加载数据错误时状态 protected voID showError() { statusLayoutManager.showError(); } //网络错误时状态 protected voID showNetWorkError() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError(); } //正在加载中状态 protected voID showLoading() { statusLayoutManager.showLoading(); }}当状态是加载数据失败时，点击可以刷新数据；当状态是无网络时，点击可以设置网络
/*** 点击重新刷新*/private voID initErrorDataVIEw() { statusLayoutManager.showError(); linearLayout ll_error_data = (linearLayout) findVIEwByID(R.ID.ll_error_data); ll_error_data.setonClickListener(new VIEw.OnClickListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onClick(VIEw vIEw) { initData(); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showContent(); } });}/*** 点击设置网络*/private voID initSettingNetwork() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError(); linearLayout ll_set_network = (linearLayout) findVIEwByID(R.ID.ll_set_network); ll_set_network.setonClickListener(new VIEw.OnClickListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onClick(VIEw vIEw) { Intent intent = new Intent("androID.settings.WIRELESS_SETTINGS"); startActivity(intent); } });}倘若有些页面想定制状态布局，也可以自由实现，很简单：
/*** 自定义加载数据为空时的状态布局*/private voID initEmptyDataVIEw() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData(); //此处是自己定义的状态布局 **statusLayoutManager.showLayoutEmptyData(R.layout.activity_emptydata);** linearLayout ll_empty_data = (linearLayout) findVIEwByID(R.ID.ll_empty_data); ll_empty_data.setonClickListener(new VIEw.OnClickListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onClick(VIEw vIEw) { initData(); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showContent(); } });}4.如何实现的步骤
1）.先看看状态管理器类【builder建造者模式】
loadingLayoutResID和contentLayoutResID代表等待加载和显示内容的xml文件
几种异常状态要用VIEwStub，因为在界面状态切换中loading和内容VIEw都是一直需要加载显示的，但是其他的3个只有在没数据或者网络异常的情况下才会加载显示，所以用VIEwStub来加载他们可以提高性能。
public class StateLayoutManager { final Context context; final VIEwStub netWorkErrorVs; final int netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID; final VIEwStub emptyDataVs; final int emptyDataRetryVIEwID; final VIEwStub errorVs; final int errorRetryVIEwID; final int loadingLayoutResID; final int contentLayoutResID; final int retryVIEwID; final int emptyDataIconImageID; final int emptyDataTextTipID; final int errorIconImageID; final int errorTextTipID; final VLayout errorLayout; final VLayout emptyDataLayout; final RootFrameLayout rootFrameLayout; final OnShowHIDeVIEwListener onShowHIDeVIEwListener; final OnRetryListener onRetryListener; public StateLayoutManager(Builder builder) { this.context = builder.context; this.loadingLayoutResID = builder.loadingLayoutResID; this.netWorkErrorVs = builder.netWorkErrorVs; this.netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID = builder.netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID; this.emptyDataVs = builder.emptyDataVs; this.emptyDataRetryVIEwID = builder.emptyDataRetryVIEwID; this.errorVs = builder.errorVs; this.errorRetryVIEwID = builder.errorRetryVIEwID; this.contentLayoutResID = builder.contentLayoutResID; this.onShowHIDeVIEwListener = builder.onShowHIDeVIEwListener; this.retryVIEwID = builder.retryVIEwID; this.onRetryListener = builder.onRetryListener; this.emptyDataIconImageID = builder.emptyDataIconImageID; this.emptyDataTextTipID = builder.emptyDataTextTipID; this.errorIconImageID = builder.errorIconImageID; this.errorTextTipID = builder.errorTextTipID; this.errorLayout = builder.errorLayout; this.emptyDataLayout = builder.emptyDataLayout; rootFrameLayout = new RootFrameLayout(this.context); VIEwGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = new VIEwGroup.LayoutParams(VIEwGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,VIEwGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT); rootFrameLayout.setLayoutParams(layoutParams); rootFrameLayout.setStatusLayoutManager(this); } /** * 显示loading */ public voID showLoading() { rootFrameLayout.showLoading(); } /** * 显示内容 */ public voID showContent() { rootFrameLayout.showContent(); } /** * 显示空数据 */ public voID showEmptyData(int iconImage,String textTip) { rootFrameLayout.showEmptyData(iconImage,textTip); } /** * 显示空数据 */ public voID showEmptyData() { showEmptyData(0,""); } /** * 显示空数据 */ public voID showLayoutEmptyData(Object... objects) { rootFrameLayout.showLayoutEmptyData(objects); } /** * 显示网络异常 */ public voID showNetWorkError() { rootFrameLayout.showNetWorkError(); } /** * 显示异常 */ public voID showError(int iconImage,String textTip) { rootFrameLayout.showError(iconImage,textTip); } /** * 显示异常 */ public voID showError() { showError(0,""); } public voID showLayoutError(Object... objects) { rootFrameLayout.showLayoutError(objects); } /** * 得到root 布局 */ public VIEw getRootLayout() { return rootFrameLayout; } public static final class Builder { private Context context; private int loadingLayoutResID; private int contentLayoutResID; private VIEwStub netWorkErrorVs; private int netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID; private VIEwStub emptyDataVs; private int emptyDataRetryVIEwID; private VIEwStub errorVs; private int errorRetryVIEwID; private int retryVIEwID; private int emptyDataIconImageID; private int emptyDataTextTipID; private int errorIconImageID; private int errorTextTipID; private VLayout errorLayout; private VLayout emptyDataLayout; private OnShowHIDeVIEwListener onShowHIDeVIEwListener; private OnRetryListener onRetryListener; public Builder(Context context) { this.context = context; } /** * 自定义加载布局 */ public Builder loadingVIEw(@LayoutRes int loadingLayoutResID) { this.loadingLayoutResID = loadingLayoutResID; return this; } /** * 自定义网络错误布局 */ public Builder netWorkErrorVIEw(@LayoutRes int newWorkErrorID) { netWorkErrorVs = new VIEwStub(context); netWorkErrorVs.setLayoutResource(newWorkErrorID); return this; } /** * 自定义加载空数据布局 */ public Builder emptyDataVIEw(@LayoutRes int noDataVIEwID) { emptyDataVs = new VIEwStub(context); emptyDataVs.setLayoutResource(noDataVIEwID); return this; } /** * 自定义加载错误布局 */ public Builder errorVIEw(@LayoutRes int errorVIEwID) { errorVs = new VIEwStub(context); errorVs.setLayoutResource(errorVIEwID); return this; } /** * 自定义加载内容正常布局 */ public Builder contentVIEw(@LayoutRes int contentLayoutResID) { this.contentLayoutResID = contentLayoutResID; return this; } public Builder errorLayout(VLayout errorLayout) { this.errorLayout = errorLayout; this.errorVs = errorLayout.getLayoutVs(); return this; } public Builder emptyDataLayout(VLayout emptyDataLayout) { this.emptyDataLayout = emptyDataLayout; this.emptyDataVs = emptyDataLayout.getLayoutVs(); return this; } public Builder netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID(int netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID) { this.netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID = netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID; return this; } public Builder emptyDataRetryVIEwID(int emptyDataRetryVIEwID) { this.emptyDataRetryVIEwID = emptyDataRetryVIEwID; return this; } public Builder errorRetryVIEwID(int errorRetryVIEwID) { this.errorRetryVIEwID = errorRetryVIEwID; return this; } public Builder retryVIEwID(int retryVIEwID) { this.retryVIEwID = retryVIEwID; return this; } public Builder emptyDataIconImageID(int emptyDataIconImageID) { this.emptyDataIconImageID = emptyDataIconImageID; return this; } public Builder emptyDataTextTipID(int emptyDataTextTipID) { this.emptyDataTextTipID = emptyDataTextTipID; return this; } public Builder errorIconImageID(int errorIconImageID) { this.errorIconImageID = errorIconImageID; return this; } public Builder errorTextTipID(int errorTextTipID) { this.errorTextTipID = errorTextTipID; return this; } public Builder onShowHIDeVIEwListener(OnShowHIDeVIEwListener onShowHIDeVIEwListener) { this.onShowHIDeVIEwListener = onShowHIDeVIEwListener; return this; } public Builder onRetryListener(OnRetryListener onRetryListener) { this.onRetryListener = onRetryListener; return this; } public StateLayoutManager build() { return new StateLayoutManager(this); } } public static Builder newBuilder(Context context) { return new Builder(context); }}2）.大约5种状态，如何管理这些状态？添加到集合中，AndroID中选用SparseArray比HashMap更省内存，在某些条件下性能更好，主要是因为它避免了对key的自动装箱（int转为Integer类型），它内部则是通过两个数组来进行数据存储的，一个存储key，另外一个存储value，为了优化性能，它内部对数据还采取了压缩的方式来表示稀疏数组的数据，从而节约内存空间
/**存放布局集合 */private SparseArray<VIEw> layoutSparseArray = new SparseArray();
/**将布局添加到集合 */……private voID addLayoutResID(@LayoutRes int layoutResID,int ID) { VIEw resVIEw = LayoutInflater.from(mStatusLayoutManager.context).inflate(layoutResID,null); **layoutSparseArray.put(ID,resVIEw);** addVIEw(resVIEw);}3）.当显示某个布局时，调用的方法如下
方法里面通过ID判断来执行不同的代码，首先判断VIEwStub是否为空，如果为空就代表没有添加这个VIEw就返回false，不为空就加载VIEw并且添加到集合当中，然后调用showHIDeVIEwByID方法显示隐藏VIEw，retryLoad方法是给重试按钮添加事件
/*** 显示loading*/public voID showLoading() { if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID) != null) **showHIDeVIEwByID**(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID);}/*** 显示内容*/public voID showContent() { if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID) != null) **showHIDeVIEwByID**(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID);}/*** 显示空数据*/public voID showEmptyData(int iconImage,String textTip) { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID)) { showHIDeVIEwByID(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID); emptyDataVIEwAddData(iconImage,textTip); }}/*** 显示网络异常*/public voID showNetWorkError() { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID)) showHIDeVIEwByID(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID);}/*** 显示异常*/public voID showError(int iconImage,String textTip) { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID)) { showHIDeVIEwByID(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID); errorVIEwAddData(iconImage,textTip); }}//调用inflateLayout方法，方法返回true然后调用showHIDeVIEwByID方法private boolean inflateLayout(int ID) { boolean isShow = true; if (layoutSparseArray.get(ID) != null) return isShow; switch (ID) { case LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs != null) { VIEw vIEw = mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs.inflate(); retryLoad(vIEw,mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorRetryVIEwID); layoutSparseArray.put(ID,vIEw); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; case LAYOUT_ERROR_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs != null) { VIEw vIEw = mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs.inflate(); if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout.setVIEw(vIEw); retryLoad(vIEw,mStatusLayoutManager.errorRetryVIEwID); layoutSparseArray.put(ID,vIEw); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; case LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs != null) { VIEw vIEw = mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs.inflate(); if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout.setVIEw(vIEw); retryLoad(vIEw,mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataRetryVIEwID); layoutSparseArray.put(ID,vIEw); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; } return isShow;}4）.然后在根据ID隐藏布局
通过ID找到需要显示的VIEw并且显示它，隐藏其他VIEw，如果显示隐藏监听事件不为空，就分别调用它的显示和隐藏方法
/*** 根据ID显示隐藏布局* @param ID*/private voID showHIDeVIEwByID(int ID) { for (int i = 0; i < layoutSparseArray.size(); i++) { int key = layoutSparseArray.keyAt(i); VIEw valueVIEw = layoutSparseArray.valueAt(i); //显示该vIEw if(key == ID) { valueVIEw.setVisibility(VIEw.VISIBLE); if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHIDeVIEwListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHIDeVIEwListener.onShowVIEw(valueVIEw,key); } else { if(valueVIEw.getVisibility() != VIEw.GONE) { valueVIEw.setVisibility(VIEw.GONE); if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHIDeVIEwListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHIDeVIEwListener.onHIDeVIEw(valueVIEw,key); } } }}5）.最后看看重新加载方法
/*** 重试加载*/private voID retryLoad(VIEw vIEw,int ID) { VIEw retryVIEw = vIEw.findVIEwByID(mStatusLayoutManager.retryVIEwID != 0 ? mStatusLayoutManager.retryVIEwID : ID); if (retryVIEw == null || mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener == null) return; retryVIEw.setonClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onClick(VIEw v) { mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener.onRetry(); } });}5.使用方法介绍
1）.直接在Activity中添加代码
@OverrIDeprotected voID initStatusLayout() { statusLayoutManager = StateLayoutManager.newBuilder(this) .contentVIEw(R.layout.activity_content_data) .emptyDataVIEw(R.layout.activity_empty_data) .errorVIEw(R.layout.activity_error_data) .loadingVIEw(R.layout.activity_loading_data) .netWorkErrorVIEw(R.layout.activity_networkerror) .onRetryListener(new OnRetryListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onRetry() { //为重试加载按钮的监听事件 } }) .onShowHIDeVIEwListener(new OnShowHIDeVIEwListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onShowVIEw(VIEw vIEw,int ID) { //为状态VIEw显示监听事件 } @OverrIDe public voID onHIDeVIEw(VIEw vIEw,int ID) { //为状态VIEw隐藏监听事件 } }) .build();}2）.在父类中重写以下几个方法，子类直接继承就行
//正常展示数据状态protected voID showContent() { statusLayoutManager.showContent();}//加载数据为空时状态protected voID showEmptyData() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();}//加载数据错误时状态protected voID showError() { statusLayoutManager.showError();}//网络错误时状态protected voID showNetWorkError() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();}//正在加载中状态protected voID showLoading() { statusLayoutManager.showLoading();}3）.更加详细的介绍，可以直接参考Demo
https://github.com/yangchong211/YCStateLayout
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