(1)API
ContentObserver——内容观察者,目的是观察特定Uri引起的数据库的数据变化,继而做一些相应的处理,它类似于数据库技术中的触发器(Trigger),当ContentObserver所观察的Uri数据发生变化时,便会触发它。
(A)ContentResolver类:注册/取消注册ContentObserver方法
/*
为指定的Uri注册一个ContentObserver派生类实例,当给定的Uri发生改变时,回调该实例对象去处理。
uri—— 需要观察的Uri(需要在UriMatcher里注册)
notifyForDescendents—— 为false 表示精确匹配,即只匹配该Uri
为true 表示可以同时匹配其派生的Uri,
*/
registerContentObserver(Uri uri, boolean notifyForDescendants, ContentObserver observer)
unregisterContentObserver(ContentObserver observer)
(B)ContentObserver类:回调函数
//构造函数——所有ContentObserver的派生类都需要调用该构造方法
public void ContentObserver(Handler handler)
//当观察到的Uri发生变化时,回调该方法去处理。所有ContentObserver的派生类都需要重载该方法去处理逻辑。
void onChange(boolean selfChange)
(C)观察特定Uri的步骤如下
创建我们特定的ContentObserver派生类,必须重载父类构造方法,必须重载onChange()方法去处理回调后的功能实现;利用context.getContentResolover()获得ContentResolove对象,接着调用registerContentObserver()方法去注册内容观察者;由于ContentObserver的生命周期不同步于Activity和Service等,因此,在不需要时,需要手动的调用unregisterContentObserver()去取消注册;(2)部分常用的Uri
//管理联系人的Uri:
ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI
MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.xxx
MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
MediaStore.Images.Images.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
MediaStore.Video.Images.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
content://sms/inbox // 收件箱
content://sms/sent //已发送
content://sms/draft //草稿
content://sms/outbox //发件箱(正在发送的信息)
content://sms/failed //发送失败
content://sms/queued //待发送列表 (比如开启飞行模式后,该短信就在待发送列表里)
(3)相关Demo
(A)
观察系统是否改变了飞行模式状态
//(1) 观察飞行模式状态的ContentObserver派生类
public class AirplaneContentObserver extends ContentObserver {
private static String TAG = "AirplaneContentObserver" ;
private static int MSG_AIRPLANE = 1 ;
private Context mContext;
private Handler mHandler ; //此Handler用来更新UI线程
public AirplaneContentObserver(Context context, Handler handler) {
super(handler);
mContext = context;
mHandler = handler ;
}
/**
* 当所监听的Uri发生改变时,就会回调此方法
*
* @param selfChange 此值意义不大 一般情况下该回调值false
*/
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
Log.i(TAG, "-------------the airplane mode has changed-------------");
// 系统是否处于飞行模式下
try {
int isAirplaneOpen = Settings.System.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.System.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON);
Log.i(TAG, " isAirplaneOpen -----> " +isAirplaneOpen) ;
mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_AIRPLANE,isAirplaneOpen).sendToTarget() ;
}
catch (SettingNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
观察系统的短信息数据是否发生了变化
//(2)观察系统里短消息的数据库变化的ContentObserver派生类
public class SMSContentObserver extends ContentObserver {
private static String TAG = "SMSContentObserver";
private int MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT = 2 ;
private Context mContext ;
private Handler mHandler ; //更新UI线程
public SMSContentObserver(Context context,Handler handler) {
super(handler);
mContext = context ;
mHandler = handler ;
}
/**
* 当所监听的Uri发生改变时,就会回调此方法
*
* @param selfChange 此值意义不大 一般情况下该回调值false
*/
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange){
Log.i(TAG, "the sms table has changed");
//查询发件箱里的内容
Uri outSMSUri = Uri.parse("content://sms/sent") ;
Cursor c = mContext.getContentResolver().query(outSMSUri, null, null, null,"date desc");
if(c != null){
Log.i(TAG, "the number of send is"+c.getCount()) ;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder() ;
//循环遍历
while(c.moveToNext()){
sb.append("发件人手机号码: "+c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("address")))
.append("信息内容: "+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("body")))
.append("\n");
}
c.close();
mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT, sb.toString()).sendToTarget();
}
}
}
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private TextView tvAirplane;
private EditText etSmsoutbox;
private static final int MSG_AIRPLANE = 1;
private static final int MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT = 2;
private AirplaneContentObserver airplaneCO;
private SMSContentObserver smsContentObserver;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
tvAirplane = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvAirplane);
etSmsoutbox = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.smsoutboxContent);
airplaneCO = new AirplaneContentObserver(this, mHandler);
smsContentObserver = new SMSContentObserver(this, mHandler);
registerContentObservers() ;
}
private void registerContentObservers() {
Uri airplaneUri = Settings.System.getUriFor(Settings.System.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON);
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(airplaneUri, false, airplaneCO);
Uri smsUri = Uri.parse("content://sms");
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(smsUri, true,smsContentObserver);
}
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_AIRPLANE:
int isAirplaneOpen = (Integer) msg.obj;
if (isAirplaneOpen != 0)
tvAirplane.setText("飞行模式已打开");
else if (isAirplaneOpen == 0)
tvAirplane.setText("飞行模式已关闭");
break;
case MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT:
String outbox = (String) msg.obj;
etSmsoutbox.setText(outbox);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
}
(B)监听图片变化
mPhotoObserver = new PhotoObserver(new Handler());
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, true, mPhotoObserver);
class PhotoObserver extends ContentObserver {
public PhotoObserver(Handler handler) {
super(handler);
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) {
Log.d("image onChange", selfChange + ", " + uri);
//查询出第一条记录
Cursor c = getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, "_id DESC LIMIT 1");
// Cursor c = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, "_id DESC LIMIT 1");
if (c.moveToNext()) {
int imageId = c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)));
String title = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA));
Bitmap bm = MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.getThumbnail(getContentResolver(),
imageId, MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND, null);
}
c.close();
}
}
(C)监听视频变化
mVideoObserver = new VideoObserver(new Handler());
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, true, mVideoObserver);
class VideoObserver extends ContentObserver {
public VideoObserver(Handler handler) {
super(handler);
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) {
Log.d("video onChange", selfChange + ", " + uri);
//查询出第一条记录
Cursor c = getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, "_id DESC LIMIT 1");
if (c.moveToNext()) {
int imageId = c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media._ID)));
Bitmap bm = MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.getThumbnail(getContentResolver(),
imageId, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND, null);
}
c.close();
}
}
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