MediaCodec讲解
MediaCodec是Android提供的用于对音视频进行编解码的类,它通过访问底层的codec来实现编解码的功能。是Android media基础框架的一部分,通常和 MediaExtractor, MediaSync, MediaMuxer, MediaCrypto, MediaDrm, Image, Surface和AudioTrack一起使用。
MediaCodec支持的数据类型编解码器支持的数据类型:压缩的音视频数据,原始音频数据和原始视频数据。
数据通过ByteBuffers类来表示。
可以设置Surface来获取/呈现原始的视频数据,Surface使用本地的视频buffer,不需要进行ByteBuffers拷贝。可以让编解码器的效率更高。
通常在使用Surface的时候,无法访问原始的视频数据,但是可以使用ImageReader访问解码后的原始视频帧。在使用ByteBuffer的模式下,可以使用Image类和getInput/OutputImage(int)获取原始视频帧。
压缩的音视频数据 对于视频类型,这通常是一个压缩视频帧。对于音频数据,这通常是单个访问单元(通常包含由格式类型的指定的几毫秒的音频段(通常包含几毫秒的音频),但是该要求略微放松,因为一个buffer可以包含多个编码的音频访问单元。在以上两种情况下,buffer都不在任意字节边界上启动或结束,而是在帧/访问单元边界上启动或结束,除非它们被BUFFER_FLAG_PARTIAL_FRAME标记。 原始音频数据原始音频buffer包含PCM音频数据的整个帧,这是每个通道按通道顺序的一个样本。每个样本都是一个 AudioFormat#ENCODING_PCM_16BIT。
原始视频数据在ByteBuffer模式下,视频buffer根据它们的MediaFormat#KEY_COLOR_FORMAT进行布局。可以从getCodecInfo(). MediaCodecInfo.getCapabilitiesForType.CodecCapability.colorFormats获取支持的颜色格式。视频编解码器可以支持三种颜色格式:
native raw video format: CodecCapabilities.COLOR_FormatSurface,可以与输入/输出的Surface一起使用。flexible YUV buffers 例如CodecCapabilities.COLOR_FormatYUV420Flexible, 可以使用getInput/OutputImage(int)与输入/输出Surface一起使用,也可以在ByteBuffer模式下使用。other, specific formats: 通常只支持ByteBuffer模式。有些颜色格式是厂商特有的,其他定义在CodecCapabilities。对于等价于flexible格式的颜色格式,可以使用getInput/OutputImage(int)。从Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1.开始,所有视频编解码器都支持flexible的YUV 4:2:0 buffer。
MediaCodec状态与生命周期MediaCodec生命周期状态分为三种 Stopped、Executing和Released
其中Stopped包含三种子状态 Uninitialized(为初始化状态)、Configured(已配置状态)、Error(异常状态)
Executing也包含三个子状态 Flushed(刷新状态)、Running(运行状态)和EOS(流结束状态)
当调用了mediaCodec.start()方法后,就由stopped到Executing状态了,在此状态下,可以通过上面描述的缓冲队列 *** 作来处理数据
Flushed:在调用start()方法后MediaCodec立即进入Flushed子状态,此时MediaCodec会拥有所有的缓存。可以在Executing状态的任何时候通过调用flush()方法返回到Flushed子状态。Running:一旦第一个输入缓存(input buffer)被移出队列,MediaCodec就转入Running子状态,这种状态占据了MediaCodec的大部分生命周期。通过调用stop()方法转移到Uninitialized状态。EOS:将一个带有end-of-stream标记的输入buffer入队列时,MediaCodec将转入End-of-Stream子状态。在这种状态下,MediaCodec不再接收之后的输入buffer,但它仍然产生输出buffer直到end-of-stream标记输出。 Released状态当使用完MediaCodec后,必须调用release()方法释放其资源。调用 release()方法进入最终的Released状态。
工作原理和基本流程来看这个图片,这张图片就是MediaCodec的工作原理。简单讲一下就是。
数据的生产方(左侧的Client)从input缓冲队列申请empty buffer,然后把要处理的数据,填充到这些empty buffer里面。就是上面的空方块(empty buffer),经过Client(数据生成方)之后,变成了红色实心的方块(有数据的buffer)
这些数据经过Codec处理之后,然后处理后的数据(黄色的方块)放入到右侧output缓冲区队列
消费方Client(右侧Client)从output缓冲区队列申请处理后的buffer,然后进一步处理,最后再将改buffer放回缓冲队列。
接下来,就以解析mp4的视频为例。讲解一下mediaCodec的解码视频轨道的过程。各个功能看文中的代码注释,一些异常处理,这里就暂时不考虑了。
这里大概讲一下mp4解码的过程(代码参考grafika)
创建MediaExtractor(),并设置数据源,MediaExtractor类,可以用来分离容器中的视频track和音频track。然后选中音频轨道通过MediaCodec.createDecoderByType解码器调用decoder的configure与start函数调用decoder.dequeueInputBuffera得到inputBufIndexdecoder.getInputBuffer(inputBufIndex)得到inputBuf调用 extractor.readSampleData填充inputBuf调用extractor.advance()移动到下一个样本调用decoder.dequeueOutputBuffer(mBufferInfo, TIMEOUT_USEC)得到decoderStatus,这里是消费者消费数据调用decoder.releaseOutputBuffer(decoderStatus,doRender),释放输出的Buffer空间package com.example.videodemo
import android.media.MediaCodec
import android.media.MediaExtractor
import android.media.MediaFormat
import android.os.Handler
import android.os.Message
import android.util.Log
import android.view.Surface
import java.io.File
import java.io.FileNotFoundException
import java.io.IOException
class MediaCodecDemo constructor(val path: File, val outputSurface: Surface,val callback: SpeedControlCallback) {
private val TAG: String = "MediaCodecDemo"
var mVideoHeight = -1
var mVideoWidth = -1
private val mBufferInfo = MediaCodec.BufferInfo() //输出buffer的metadata
var mLoop = false
init {
var extractor: MediaExtractor? = null
try {
extractor = MediaExtractor()
extractor.setDataSource(path.toString())
val trackIndex = selectVideoTrack(extractor)
if (trackIndex < 0) {
throw RuntimeException("找不到视频轨道")
}
extractor.selectTrack(trackIndex)
val format = extractor.getTrackFormat(trackIndex)
mVideoHeight = format.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_HEIGHT)
mVideoWidth = format.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_WIDTH)
} finally {
extractor?.release()
}
}
//寻找视频轨道,并返回对应的index
private fun selectVideoTrack(extractor: MediaExtractor): Int {
val numTracks = extractor.trackCount
Log.d("hch","index $numTracks")
for (index in 0 until numTracks) {
val format = extractor.getTrackFormat(index)
val mime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME)
mime?.let {
if (it.startsWith("video/")) {
Log.d("hch","index $index")
return index
}
}
}
return -1
}
private fun play() {
var extractor: MediaExtractor? = null
var decoder: MediaCodec? = null
try {
extractor = MediaExtractor()
extractor.setDataSource(path.toString())
//文件不存在,直接抛出异常
if (!path.exists()) {
throw FileNotFoundException("file donot exists")
}
val trackIndex = selectVideoTrack(extractor)
if (trackIndex < 0) {
throw RuntimeException("video track dont find")
}
extractor.selectTrack(trackIndex)
val format = extractor.getTrackFormat(trackIndex)
val mine = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME)
decoder = mine?.let { MediaCodec.createDecoderByType(it) }
decoder?.let {
decoder?.configure(format, outputSurface, null, 0)
decoder?.start()
doFrame(extractor!!, trackIndex, it)
}
} catch (e:IOException){
}
finally {
decoder?.stop()
decoder?.release()
decoder = null
extractor?.release()
extractor = null
}
}
private fun doFrame(extractor: MediaExtractor, trackIndex: Int, decoder: MediaCodec) {
val TIMEOUT_USEC = 10000L
var inputChunk = 0
var inputDone = false
var outputDone = false
while (!outputDone) {
//获取输入buff的空间
if (!inputDone) {
//得到inputBufIndex
val inputBufIndex = decoder.dequeueInputBuffer(TIMEOUT_USEC)
if (inputBufIndex >= 0) {
//得到对应的inputBuffer
val inputBuf = decoder.getInputBuffer(inputBufIndex)
inputBuf?.let {
//数据生成方填充对应的inputBuf
val chunkSize = extractor.readSampleData(it, 0)
if (chunkSize < 0) {
//读到文件末
decoder.queueInputBuffer(
inputBufIndex,
0,
0,
0L,
MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM
)
//推出循环
inputDone = true
} else {
//
val presentationTimeUs = extractor.sampleTime
decoder.queueInputBuffer(
inputBufIndex,
0,
chunkSize,
presentationTimeUs,
0
)
inputChunk++
//移动到下一个样本
extractor.advance()
}
}
} else {
Log.d("hch", "input buffer not available")
}
}
if (!outputDone) {
//获取Codec的数据
val decoderStatus = decoder.dequeueOutputBuffer(mBufferInfo, TIMEOUT_USEC)
when {
decoderStatus == MediaCodec.INFO_TRY_AGAIN_LATER -> {
Log.d("hch", "no output from decoder available")
}
decoderStatus == MediaCodec.INFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGED -> {
val newFormat = decoder.outputFormat
Log.d(TAG, "decoder output format changed: $newFormat")
}
decoderStatus < 0 -> {
throw RuntimeException("unexpected result from decoder.dequeueOutputBuffer: $decoderStatus")
}
else -> {
// decoderStatus >= 0
var doLoop = false
if (mBufferInfo.flags.and(MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM) != 0) {
if (mLoop) {
doLoop = true
} else {
outputDone = true
}
}
val doRender = (mBufferInfo.size != 0)
//控制速率
if (doRender){
callback.preRender(mBufferInfo.presentationTimeUs)
}
//释放资源
decoder.releaseOutputBuffer(decoderStatus,doRender)
if (doRender ) {
callback.postRender()
}
if (doLoop){
Log.d(TAG,"")
extractor.seekTo(0, MediaExtractor.SEEK_TO_CLOSEST_SYNC)
inputDone = false
decoder.flush()
}
}
}
}
}
}
class PlayTask(
player: MediaCodecDemo,
) :
Runnable {
private val mPlayer: MediaCodecDemo
private var mDoLoop = false
private var mThread: Thread? = null
private val mLocalHandler: LocalHandler
private val mStopLock = java.lang.Object()
private var mStopped = false
fun setLoopMode(loopMode: Boolean) {
mDoLoop = loopMode
}
fun execute() {
mThread = Thread(this, "Movie Player")
mThread?.start()
}
fun waitForStop() {
synchronized(mStopLock) {
while (!mStopped) {
try {
mStopLock.wait()
} catch (ie: InterruptedException) {
// discard
}
}
}
}
override fun run() {
try {
mPlayer.play()
} catch (ioe: IOException) {
throw RuntimeException(ioe)
} finally {
// tell anybody waiting on us that we're done
synchronized(mStopLock) {
mStopped = true
mStopLock.notifyAll()
}
}
}
private class LocalHandler : Handler() {
override fun handleMessage(msg: Message) {
val what = msg.what
when (what) {
MSG_PLAY_STOPPED -> {
val fb: PlayerFeedback = msg.obj as PlayerFeedback
fb.playbackStopped()
}
else -> throw RuntimeException("Unknown msg $what")
}
}
}
companion object {
private const val MSG_PLAY_STOPPED = 0
}
/**
* Prepares new PlayTask.
*
* @param player The player object, configured with control and output.
* @param feedback UI feedback object.
*/
init {
mPlayer = player
mLocalHandler = LocalHandler()
}
}
}
interface PlayerFeedback {
fun playbackStopped()
}
interface FrameCallback {
fun preRender(presentationTimeUsec: Long)
fun postRender()
fun loopReset()
}
package com.example.videodemo
import android.util.Log
import com.example.videodemo.SpeedControlCallback
class SpeedControlCallback : FrameCallback {
private var mPrevPresentUsec: Long = 0
private var mPrevMonoUsec: Long = 0
private var mFixedFrameDurationUsec: Long = 0
private var mLoopReset = false
fun setFixedPlaybackRate(fps: Int) {
mFixedFrameDurationUsec = ONE_MILLION / fps
}
// runs on decode thread
override fun preRender(presentationTimeUsec: Long) {
if (mPrevMonoUsec == 0L) {
mPrevMonoUsec = System.nanoTime() / 1000
mPrevPresentUsec = presentationTimeUsec
} else {
// Compute the desired time delta between the previous frame and this frame.
var frameDelta: Long
if (mLoopReset) {
mPrevPresentUsec = presentationTimeUsec - ONE_MILLION / 30
mLoopReset = false
}
frameDelta = if (mFixedFrameDurationUsec != 0L) {
mFixedFrameDurationUsec
} else {
presentationTimeUsec - mPrevPresentUsec
}
if (frameDelta < 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "Weird, video times went backward")
frameDelta = 0
} else if (frameDelta == 0L) {
Log.i(TAG, "Warning: current frame and previous frame had same timestamp")
} else if (frameDelta > 10 * ONE_MILLION) {
Log.i(
TAG, "Inter-frame pause was " + frameDelta / ONE_MILLION +
"sec, capping at 5 sec"
)
frameDelta = 5 * ONE_MILLION
}
val desiredUsec = mPrevMonoUsec + frameDelta // when we want to wake up
var nowUsec = System.nanoTime() / 1000
while (nowUsec < desiredUsec - 100 /*&& mState == RUNNING*/) {
var sleepTimeUsec = desiredUsec - nowUsec
if (sleepTimeUsec > 500000) {
sleepTimeUsec = 500000
}
try {
if (CHECK_SLEEP_TIME) {
val startNsec = System.nanoTime()
Thread.sleep(sleepTimeUsec / 1000, (sleepTimeUsec % 1000).toInt() * 1000)
val actualSleepNsec = System.nanoTime() - startNsec
Log.d(
TAG, "sleep=" + sleepTimeUsec + " actual=" + actualSleepNsec / 1000 +
" diff=" + Math.abs(actualSleepNsec / 1000 - sleepTimeUsec) +
" (usec)"
)
} else {
Thread.sleep(sleepTimeUsec / 1000, (sleepTimeUsec % 1000).toInt() * 1000)
}
} catch (ie: InterruptedException) {
}
nowUsec = System.nanoTime() / 1000
}
mPrevMonoUsec += frameDelta
mPrevPresentUsec += frameDelta
}
}
override fun postRender() {}
override fun loopReset() {
mLoopReset = true
}
companion object {
private const val TAG = "SpeedControlCallback"
private const val CHECK_SLEEP_TIME = false
private const val ONE_MILLION = 1000000L
}
}
以上就是mediaCodec的解码mp4视频轨道的代码了。
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