Linux 实用工具——Tree 命令，文件目录列表

概述简介 浏览他人技术博客的时候，会看到用文本列出漂亮的文件夹目录，实际大部分都是使用了Linux下的Tree命令。以下简单介绍下Tree命令的格式和例子。 安装 一般Linux系统是不自带Tree命令工具的，可以通过以下命令获取和安装： sudo apt-get install tree 格式 通过上述命令获取后，可以通过一下命令显示使用方法： tree --help 显示如下： usage: tr @H_404_0@ @H_404_0@ 简介

浏览他人技术博客的时候，会看到用文本列出漂亮的文件夹目录，实际大部分都是使用了linux下的Tree命令。以下简单介绍下Tree命令的格式和例子。

安装

一般linux系统是不自带Tree命令工具的，可以通过以下命令获取和安装：

sudo apt-get install tree

格式

通过上述命令获取后，可以通过一下命令显示使用方法：

tree --help

显示如下：

usage: tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-H basehref] [-T Title ]    [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version]    [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst]    [--charset charset] [--filelimit[=]#] [--si] [--timefmt[=]<f>]    [--sort[=]<name>] [--matchdirs] [--ignore-case] [--] [<directory List>]  ------- Listing options -------  -a            All files are Listed.  -d            List directorIEs only.  -l            Follow symbolic links like directorIEs.  -f            Print the full path prefix for each file.  -x            Stay on current filesystem only.  -L level      Descend only level directorIEs deep.  -R            Rerun tree when max dir level reached.  -P pattern    List only those files that match the pattern given.  -I pattern    Do not List files that match the given pattern.  --ignore-case Ignore case when pattern matching.  --matchdirs   Include directory names in -P pattern matching.  --noreport    Turn off file/directory count at end of tree Listing.  --charset X   Use charset X for terminal/HTML and indentation line output.  --filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.  --timefmt <f> Print and format time according to the format <f>.  -o filename   Output to file instead of stdout.  -------- file options ---------  -q            Print non-printable characters as '?'.  -N            Print non-printable characters as is.  -Q            Quote filenames with double quotes.  -p            Print the protections for each file.  -u            displays file owner or UID number.  -g            displays file group owner or GID number.  -s            Print the size in bytes of each file.  -h            Print the size in a more human readable way.  --si          like -h,but use in SI units (powers of 1000).  -D            Print the date of last modification or (-c) status change.  -F            Appends '/','=','*','@','|' or '>' as per ls -F.  --inodes      Print inode number of each file.  --device      Print device ID number to which each file belongs.  ------- Sorting options -------  -v            Sort files Alphanumerically by version.  -t            Sort files by last modification time.  -c            Sort files by last status change time.  -U            Leave files unsorted.  -r            Reverse the order of the sort.  --dirsfirst   List directorIEs before files (-U disables).  --sort X      Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime.  ------- Graphics options ------  -i            Don't print indentation lines.  -A            Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines.  -S            Print with CP437 (console) graphics indentation lines.  -n            Turn colorization off always (-C overrIDes).  -C            Turn colorization on always.  ------- XML/HTML/JsON options -------  -X            Prints out an XML representation of the tree.  -J            Prints out an JsON representation of the tree.  -H basehref   Prints out HTML format with basehref as top directory.  -T string     Replace the default HTML Title and H1 header with string.  --nolinks     Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output.  ---- Miscellaneous options ----  --version     Print version and exit.  --help        Print usage and this help message and exit.  --            Options processing terminator.

可以看到最新的Tree命令工具在老版本基础上已经做了很多扩展，分别有Listing、file 、Graphics、 XML/HTML/JsON 、

举例

虽然现在功能越来越强大，但是对于大部分人来说常用的并不多，以下举几个常用的例子：

显示全部层级的目录和文件

tree -a

.├── 1.txt├── demo1│   ├── CMakeCache.txt│   ├── CMakefiles│   │   ├── 3.5.1│   │   │   ├── CMakeCCompiler.cmake│   │   │   ├── CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake│   │   │   ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin│   │   │   ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin│   │   │   ├── CMakeSystem.cmake│   │   │   ├── CompilerIDC│   │   │   │   ├── a.out│   │   │   │   └── CMakeCCompilerID.c│   │   │   └── CompilerIDCXX│   │   │       ├── a.out│   │   │       └── CMakeCXXCompilerID.cpp│   │   ├── cmake.check_cache│   │   ├── CMakeDirectoryinformation.cmake│   │   ├── CMakeOutput.log│   │   ├── CMakeTmp│   │   ├── Demo.dir│   │   │   ├── build.make│   │   │   ├── cmake_clean.cmake│   │   │   ├── CXX.includecache│   │   │   ├── DependInfo.cmake│   │   │   ├── depend.internal│   │   │   ├── depend.make│   │   │   ├── flags.make│   │   │   ├── link.txt│   │   │   ├── main.cc.o│   │   │   └── progress.make│   │   ├── feature_tests.bin│   │   ├── feature_tests.c│   │   ├── feature_tests.cxx│   │   ├── Makefile2│   │   ├── Makefile.cmake│   │   ├── progress.marks│   │   └── TargetDirectorIEs.txt│   ├── cmake_install.cmake│   ├── CMakeLists.txt│   ├── Demo│   ├── main.cc│   └── Makefile└── demo2

显示指定层级的目录和文件

tree -L 2

// -L 指定目录深度.├── 1.txt├── demo1│   ├── CMakeCache.txt│   ├── CMakefiles│   ├── cmake_install.cmake│   ├── CMakeLists.txt│   ├── Demo│   ├── main.cc│   └── Makefile└── demo2

显示目录/文件地址

tree -L 2 -f

.├── ./1.txt├── ./demo1│   ├── ./demo1/CMakeCache.txt│   ├── ./demo1/CMakefiles│   ├── ./demo1/cmake_install.cmake│   ├── ./demo1/CMakeLists.txt│   ├── ./demo1/Demo│   ├── ./demo1/main.cc│   └── ./demo1/Makefile└── ./demo2

仅显示目录不显示文件

tree -L3 -d

.├── demo1│   └── CMakefiles│       ├── 3.5.1│       ├── CMakeTmp│       └── Demo.dir└── demo2

区分目录和文件

tree -L 2 -F

.├── 1.txt├── demo1/│   ├── CMakeCache.txt│   ├── CMakefiles/│   ├── cmake_install.cmake│   ├── CMakeLists.txt│   ├── Demo*│   ├── main.cc│   └── Makefile└── demo2/

不显示目录树中的层级线

tree -L 2 -i

.1.txtdemo1CMakeCache.txtCMakefilescmake_install.cmakeCMakeLists.txtDemomain.ccMakefiledemo2

显示XML格式

tree -L 2 -X

<?xml version="1.0" enCoding="UTF-8"?><tree>  <directory name=".">    <file name="1.txt"></file>    <directory name="demo1">      <file name="CMakeCache.txt"></file>      <directory name="CMakefiles">      </directory>      <file name="cmake_install.cmake"></file>      <file name="CMakeLists.txt"></file>      <file name="Demo"></file>      <file name="main.cc"></file>      <file name="Makefile"></file>    </directory>    <directory name="demo2">    </directory>  </directory>  <report>    <directorIEs>3</directorIEs>    <files>7</files>  </report></tree>

保存内容

tree -L 2 >> 1.txt

总结

作为常用命令，Tree命令在平时使用中可以帮助我们快速了解当前的目录/文件结构，也可以辅助写处更漂亮的博客。

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