准备工作
1：了解一下目标服务器与源服务器的 *** 作系统版本信息
需要对比一下目标服务器与源服务器的 *** 作系统版本是否一致，具体来说， *** 作系统版本信息、内核信息（例如Oracle linux是否使用Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel内核等），以及 *** 作系统是32bit还是64bit等。如果RMAN异机恢复只是准备Dev、Test、UAT环境，那么这个完全可以忽略，如果是正式环境的迁移，那么最好关注一下，避免一些问题。例如，有些版本的 *** 作系统对不是官方认证的，如果在迁移前不关注这些，那么迁移后，有可能出现一些意想不到的问题。
# uname -a # uname -m # more /etc/redhat-release
注意：这些工作是前期准备工作，不能到RMAN还原恢复的时候才做。
2：检查目标服务器与源服务器的数据库版本信息
如果源数据库和目标数据库版本一致，那么完全可以跳过这一步。但是，有时候可能是从32位还原升级到64位；有些是从ORACLE 10g 迁移升级到ORACLE 11g，那么在后面的RMAN还原后，还需做一些额外的Upgrade工作。个人刚做DBA的第一年，在一次迁移过程，事先安装过程中不小心选错了版本（标准版弄成了企业版，安装过程中由于检查某个选项，点击后退过程中系统默认选择了企业版，当时没有发现），后续没有仔细检查，迁移完成后，验证时才发现版本是企业版。结果将整个迁移进度全部打乱了！
32bit
64bit
3：检查实例安装路径以及数据文件等路径
这里指数据库实例的安装路径，以及数据文件、控制文件、参数文件是否一致，如果全部一致的话，那么可以避免很多问题，但是很多时候，
我们需要重新规划存储路径或者其它一些原因，这些数据文件、参数文件等，很有可能跟源服务器不一致，那么事先了解这些，在迁移过程中
就必须注意到这些情况。作出相应的处理。否则RMAN还原过程中就会遇到一些问题。
4：将备份文件拷贝的相关目录
可以将备份拷贝到恢复目录解压或指定目录解压。如果源服务器与目标服务器的RMAN备份路径一致，那么可以省去很多不必要的麻烦。
5： 创建相关的目录
例如，目标服务器安装ORACLE实例时，选择了“只安装实例”选项，那么在RMAN还原之前，我们必须创建下面一些目录（这些不是必须的，有些环境甚至完全不必要。具体根据实际情况判断）：
1： 创建$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/下的六个目录；
2： $ORACLE_BASE/oradata下创建$ORACLE_SID目录；
3： RMAN备份路径目录（这个地方最好与源数据库一致，创建好后，把源数据库备份的数据文件复制到这个目录里）；--非必须。
4： 归档日志目录（同样，创建好后，把需要的归档日志文件复制到此目录） --非必须。
[[email protected] ~]#mkdir -p admin/SCM2/{adump,bdump,cdump,dpdump,pfile,udump} [[email protected] ~]#mkdir -p oradata/$ORACLE_SID [[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data [[email protected] ~]# su - oracle Last login: Fri May 26 13:38:38 CST 2017 on pts/2
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /data/
[[email protected] data]$ mkdir scm2
[[email protected] data]$
*** 作步骤
下面测试，是将数据库通过RMAN备份恢复到一台测试服务器，出于测试目的，故意将实例的安装路径，以及恢复路径全部故意弄成不一致。具体测试环境如下：
源服务器：
*** 作系统： Red Hat Enterprise linux Server release 5.1
数据库版本： Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.4.0 32bit 标准版
目标服务器：
*** 作系统： Red Hat Enterprise linux Server release 7.2 (Maipo) #注意，这个版本不是官方认证版本，仅做测试而已。
数据库版本： Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.4.0 64bit 标准版
1：查询DBID信息
DBID是DataBase IDentifIEr的缩写，意思就是数据库的唯一标识符。这个DBID在数据文件头和控制文件都是存在的，可以用于标示数据文件的归属。
对于不同数据库来说，DBID应当不同，而db_name则可能是相同的。一般在nocatalog模式并且控制文件丢失时才需要这个。
sql> select name,dbID from v$database;
name DBID
--------- ---------- SCM2 3990839260 sql>
如果源服务器已经宕机，那么如何查询DBID相关信息呢？ 关于这个，其实也有很多方法获取，例如，如果你曾经做过AWR报告，可以从AWR中找到对应的DBID，也可以从恢复的控制文件获取等。
2：启动数据库实例到nomount状态
使用RMAN还原恢复时，DB必须启动到nomout状态。
[[email protected] SCM2]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun May 28 21:14:36 2017
copyright (c) 1982,2007,Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount pfile=‘/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/init.ora‘; Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes
Fixed Size 2082400 bytes
Variable Size 150997408 bytes
Database Buffers 4194304 bytes
Redo Buffers 2109440 bytes
3：还原参数文件spfile
RMAN>set DBID=3990839260;
RMAN>restore spfile to pfile ‘/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileSCM2.ora‘ from ‘/app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_cfc-3990839260-20170518-00‘;
参数文件恢复后，需要修改相关参数，这里由于测试缘故，我们故意在目标服务器安装ORACLE实例时，随意选择了一个路径，故意与源服务器ORACLE实例的安装路径不一致，当然，还有其它一些情况，也有可能导致你必须修改一些参数。
db_name=SCM2
db_block_size=8192
db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
sga_target=1200M
pga_aggregate_target=760M
audit_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/SCM2/adump
background_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/SCM2/bdump
user_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/SCM2/udump
core_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/SCM2/cdump
control_files=(‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control01.ctl‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control02.ctl‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control03.ctl‘)
compatible=10.2.0.1.0
remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
open_cursors=300
sessions=450
processes=300
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
修改后的pfile参数文件。
db_name=SCM2
db_block_size=8192
db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
sga_target=1200M
pga_aggregate_target=760M
audit_file_dest=/home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/adump
background_dump_dest=/home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/bdump
user_dump_dest=/home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/udump
core_dump_dest=/home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/cdump
control_files=(‘/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control01.ctl‘,‘/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control02.ctl‘,‘/home/oracle/oracle/orada
ta/SCM2/control03.ctl‘)
compatible=10.2.0.1.0
remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
open_cursors=300
sessions=450
processes=300
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
如果前面准备步骤，没有创建对应的udmp等目录，就会遇到下面错误
RMAN> startup nomount pfile=‘/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initSCM2.ora‘; RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FolLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 05/26/2017 15:27:45
RMAN-04014: startup Failed: ORA-00444: background process "PMON" Failed while starting
ORA-07446: sdnfy: bad value ‘‘ for parameter .
Problem
The path to bdump,adump or udump does not exist. Oracle itself does not create any path if a path does not exist. So,you have to change the value of user_dump_dest in the initialize parameter.
Solution
If you use pfile to start your database then edit the pfile with any editor (for example vi on unix) and either change the location of user_dump_dest or remove the parameter user_dump_dest from pfile. And then perform. startup
4: 还原控制文件（control file）。
如果你实在不知道控制文件在那个备份集的那个文件，那么可以在源服务器使用List命令查看。如下所示。 当然如果经验丰富或者你对备份与还原了如指掌的话， 完全不用这一步骤。
RMAN> List backup of controlfile;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 7.58M disK 00:00:00 18-MAY-17
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170518T224247
PIEce name: /u03/backup/backupsets/ora_cfc-3990839260-20170518-00
Control file Included: Ckp SCN: 22876629756 Ckp time: 18-MAY-17
后续具体 *** 作 *** 作如下所示
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[[email protected] ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=SCM2;
[[email protected] ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon May 29 08:41:17 2017
copyright (c) 1982,Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: SCM2 (DBID=3990839260)
RMAN>
RMAN> startup nomount pfile=‘/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initSCM2.ora‘; connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1258291200 bytes
Fixed Size 2083624 bytes
Variable Size 318768344 bytes
Database Buffers 922746880 bytes
Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes
RMAN>
RMAN>restore controlfile from ‘/app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_cfc-3990839260-20170518-00‘; Starting restore at 26-MAY-17
allocated channel: ORA_disK_1
channel ORA_disK_1: sID=437 devtype=disK
channel ORA_disK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_disK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:00:03
output filename=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control01.ctl
output filename=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control02.ctl
output filename=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 26-MAY-17
RMAN>
5：启动数据库到mount状态
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_disK_1
RMAN>
6：检查数据库备份有效性
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
allocated channel: ORA_disK_1
channel ORA_disK_1: sID=437 devtype=disK
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘EXPIRED‘ backup pIEce handle=/u03/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345823_s1_s1 recID=1 stamp=944345824
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘EXPIRED‘ backup pIEce handle=/u03/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345828_s2_s1 recID=2 stamp=944345829
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘EXPIRED‘ backup pIEce handle=/u03/backup/backupsets/ora_df944347364_s3_s1 recID=3 stamp=944347365
Crosschecked 3 objects
通过下面这个命令可以将备份集注册到控制文件。catalog start with命令将以前的备份集信息重新导入到当前控制文件中,一般应用于RMAN恢复,控制文件又是旧的或者是手工创建的(这样的控制文件当然没有最新的备份集的信息),或者恢复目录不一致的情况,通过catalog start with 可以将最新的备份集以及归档日志文件列表导入到控制文中,然后就可以进行rman的恢复了.
RMAN> catalog start with ‘/app/backup/backup‘; searching for all files that match the pattern /app/backup/backup List of files UnkNown to the Database
=====================================
file name: /app/backup/backup/backuplogs/rman_backup_db_EELSCM2_2017-05-18.log
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345828_s2_s1
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944347364_s3_s1
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_cfc-3990839260-20170518-00
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/controlfile.copy
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345823_s1_s1
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged files
=======================
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345828_s2_s1
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944347364_s3_s1
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_cfc-3990839260-20170518-00
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/controlfile.copy
file name: /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345823_s1_s1
List of files Which Where Not Cataloged
=======================================
file name: /app/backup/backup/backuplogs/rman_backup_db_EELSCM2_2017-05-18.log
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
using channel ORA_disK_1
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘EXPIRED‘ backup pIEce handle=/u03/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345823_s1_s1 recID=1 stamp=944345824
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘AVAILABLE‘ backup pIEce handle=/app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345823_s1_s1 recID=7 stamp=945013360
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘EXPIRED‘ backup pIEce handle=/u03/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345828_s2_s1 recID=2 stamp=944345829
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘AVAILABLE‘ backup pIEce handle=/app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944345828_s2_s1 recID=4 stamp=945013360
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘EXPIRED‘ backup pIEce handle=/u03/backup/backupsets/ora_df944347364_s3_s1 recID=3 stamp=944347365
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘AVAILABLE‘ backup pIEce handle=/app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944347364_s3_s1 recID=5 stamp=945013360
crosschecked backup pIEce: found to be ‘AVAILABLE‘ backup pIEce handle=/app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_cfc-3990839260-20170518-00 recID=6 stamp=945013360
Crosschecked 7 objects
RMAN> restore database prevIEw summary;
Starting restore at 26-MAY-17
using channel ORA_disK_1
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #PIEces #copIEs Compressed Tag ------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
2 B F A disK 18-MAY-17 1 1 YES TAG20170518T221708
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #PIEces #copIEs Compressed Tag ------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
3 B A A disK 18-MAY-17 1 1 YES TAG20170518T224244
Media recovery start SCN is 22876629141
Recovery must be done beyond SCN 22876629141 to clear data files fuzziness
Finished restore at 26-MAY-17
RMAN>
7： Restore database
如果要将数据文件还原到不同的地方（恢复路径不同），那么就要用set命令指定新位置。 并且使用switch datafile all将信息更新的到控制文件。否则就可以直接使用restore database命令。
run
{ set newname for datafile 1 to "/data/scm2/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to "/data/scm2/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to "/data/scm2/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to "/data/scm2/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to "/data/scm2/bookt_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 6 to "/data/scm2/data_consol_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 7 to "/data/scm2/data_consol_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 8 to "/data/scm2/escmowner_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 9 to "/data/scm2/escmowner_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 10 to "/data/scm2/escmowner_x02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 11 to "/data/scm2/escmowner_x03.dbf";
set newname for datafile 12 to "/data/scm2/escmupdate_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 13 to "/data/scm2/escmupdate_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 14 to "/data/scm2/gent_d03.dbf";
set newname for datafile 15 to "/data/scm2/gent_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 16 to "/data/scm2/gent_d02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 17 to "/data/scm2/gent_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 18 to "/data/scm2/gsot_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 19 to "/data/scm2/inventory_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 20 to "/data/scm2/inventory_d02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 21 to "/data/scm2/inventory_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 22 to "/data/scm2/mit_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 23 to "/data/scm2/ppot_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 24 to "/data/scm2/sct_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 25 to "/data/scm2/smt_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 26 to "/data/scm2/smt_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 27 to "/data/scm2/statspack_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 28 to "/data/scm2/stat_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 29 to "/data/scm2/stat_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 30 to "/data/scm2/tna_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 31 to "/data/scm2/tna_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 32 to "/data/scm2/tracking_d01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 33 to "/data/scm2/gent_d04.dbf";
set newname for datafile 34 to "/data/scm2/ANTIDUMP_D02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 35 to "/data/scm2/ANTIDUMP_x01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 36 to "/data/scm2/escmupdate_d02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 37 to "/data/scm2/users02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 38 to "/data/scm2/escmupdate_d03.dbf";
set newname for datafile 39 to "/data/scm2/TDC_SHIPing_DATA01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 40 to "/data/scm2/TDC_SHIPing_IDX01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 41 to "/data/scm2/escmowner_d02.dbf";
restore database ;
switch datafile all; }
8 Recover database;
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 28-MAY-17
using channel ORA_disK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_disK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination channel ORA_disK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=7242
channel ORA_disK_1: reading from backup pIEce /app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944347364_s3_s1
channel ORA_disK_1: restored backup pIEce 1
pIEce handle=/app/backup/backup/backupsets/ora_df944347364_s3_s1 tag=TAG20170518T224244
channel ORA_disK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:00:01
archive log filename=/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_7242_720647799.dbf thread=1 sequence=7242
unable to find archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=7243
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FolLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 05/28/2017 22:13:21
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unkNown log: thread 1 seq 7243 lowscn 22876629745
RMAN>
这里是提醒恢复到一个未知的scn号。在alter database mount之后，通过set until scn或者set until time命令设置恢复到的scn号或时间。就可以避免这个错误。
9：处理redo log和temp表空间
如前面所说，如果实例安装路径不同，或者redo log和临时表空间对应的文件在目标服务器上找不到。那么就必须 *** 作下面
sql> col status for a7
sql> col type for a7;
sql> col member for a64;
sql> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ ---------- ------- ------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- --- 4 ONliNE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo04.log NO 3 ONliNE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo03.log NO 2 ONliNE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo02.log NO 1 ONliNE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo01.log NO sql> sql> alter database rename file ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo01.log‘
2 to ‘/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo01.log‘;
Database altered. sql> alter database rename file ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo02.log‘
2 to ‘/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo02.log‘;
Database altered. sql> alter database rename file ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo03.log‘
2 to ‘/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo03.log‘;
Database altered. sql> alter database rename file ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo04.log‘
2 to ‘/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo04.log‘;
Database altered. sql>
如果不处理，否则就会出现这样的错误：
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FolLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 05/26/2017 16:28:37
ORA-00344: unable to re-create online log ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/redo01.log‘ ORA-27040: file create error,unable to create file
linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
sql> col name for a80;
sql> select name from v$tempfile;
name
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/temp01.dbf sql> alter database tempfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SCM2/temp01.dbf‘ drop;
sql> alter tablespace temp
2 add tempfile ‘/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/temp01.dbf‘
3 size 200M 4 autoextend on 5 next 128M 6 maxsize 4G;
tablespace altered.
10：用open resetlogs 打开数据库
正常情况下应该是
sql> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
但是，这个是从32位数据库还原到64bit数据库，那么就可能出现下面情况。
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN-06900: WARNING: unable to generate V$RMAN_STATUS or V$RMAN_OUTPUT row
RMAN-06901: WARNING: disabling update of the V$RMAN_STATUS and V$RMAN_OUTPUT rows
ORACLE error from target database:
ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]
具体的告警日志如下。
Completed: alter database open resetlogs
Sun May 28 22:34:47 2017
Errors in file /home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/bdump/scm2_mmon_20272.trc: ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]
Sun May 28 22:34:47 2017
Errors in file /home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/bdump/scm2_mmon_20272.trc: ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]
Sun May 28 22:34:47 2017
Starting background process CJQ0 CJQ0 started with pID=19,OS ID=21562
Sun May 28 22:34:50 2017
Errors in file /home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/bdump/scm2_j000_21565.trc: ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 42567
ORA-06553: PLS-ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]
:
Sun May 28 22:34:50 2017
Errors in file /home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/bdump/scm2_j001_21567.trc: ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 42568
ORA-06553: PLS-ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]
:
Sun May 28 22:34:50 2017
Errors in file /home/oracle/oracle/admin/SCM2/bdump/scm2_j002_21569.trc: ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 5329
ORA-06544: PL/sql: internal error,arguments: [ORA-06544: PL/sql: internal error,arguments: [56319],[],[]
ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]
],[]
这个是由于Oracle的软件版本和之前restore进去的数据库版本不一致导致。如下即可修复，具体可以参考RMAN还原32位数据库到64位实例的错误处理
sql> startup upgrade; sql> @?/rdbms/admin/utlip.sql
sql> shutdown immediate;
sql> startup @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql总结
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