怎么做好托福听力里的举例目的题?

怎么做好托福听力里的举例目的题?,第1张

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智课网有冷毅老师讲授的托福听力课程,>

新托福听力考试的题型可以粗略分为主旨题、细节题、重听题三大类,并且三种题目在每个听力段落(讲座或对话)中的分布都呈现明显的规律:一般情况下,主旨题在第一题的位置出现,重听题有可能出现在最后一题或两题的位置(但并不一定每个段落都有重听题),中间的题目是细节题。

细心的同学可能会发现,有一种细节题出现得特别频繁,它们的提问形式一般是这样的:

(1)Why does the professor mention…

(2)Why does the man/woman talk about…

(3)The professor talks about… What points does he/she want to make

这种题目考什么呢一般考的是讲座中的教授提到某个事物或者举某个例子的目的何在。当我们打开听力原文,去寻找题目对应的句子时,往往会发现这样的题目对应的出题句一般在老师讲课中举例的前后。可题目问的通常不是老师所举例子中的具体细节,而是举例目的。这种题目(下文称作“举例目的题”)容易导致大家丢分,我们来分析一下它的出题思路、考察方式、解题技巧。

首先,举例目的题的出现和老师在一般讲座中的说话习惯有关。

老师在讲话中提出一个观点时,为避免说话内容的空洞抽象,经常会用不少细节、例证对观点作进一步佐证及阐释。这其实是好的习惯,能让说话内容具体详实,同时也解释了为什么好的托福独立口语答案一定是有“specific 
details and 
examples”的。但请记住,老师举例也好,罗列细节也好,其目的并非仅仅是举例及罗列细节而已,而是要为说明观点服务,即说话的重心永远在举例之前所提出的观点上。细节和例证只是supporting 
information。

但是由于细节和例证在讲话内容中所占篇幅较大,而且内容丰富,充斥着各种细节甚至故事情节,所以相对而言更容易引起我们的听觉注意。最直观的感受是很多考生听完一个“观点+例证”的段落后,脑海中和草稿纸上全是例证中提到的各种信息,比如一件事情的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果,抑或是事物的名称、颜色、位置等等琐碎的信息,可至于老师先前提出的观点,倒只剩下了模糊的印象。而考试题目一般针对的恰恰是老师举例的目的,这样一来大家便容易遗漏重要信息。

当考生看到题目想不起来答案时,一般的做法是转而仔细看各个选项,试图借助选项的帮助,在模糊的记忆中寻找似乎听到的只字片语。但老奸巨猾的出题人,往往会利用考生的这种习惯,在错误选项中设置考生明显听到了的词或词组,以吸引考生选择错误答案。如此一来,很多考生便容易在举例目的题上失分。

解决这一问题的办法是,当在讲座中听到老师举例或者罗列细节时,立即建立对其接下来讲话内容的预期,而不是在讲话者罗列细节的过程中集中精力记录琐碎细节。当讲话内容出现总结性的语句时,集中精力听懂总结性语句,并且适当地做笔记。

托福听力的学术讲座都是经过精心设计、编写、朗读的文章。通过对大量听力真题原文的分析和总结,我们发现在很多情况下,被考察到的举例目的题对应的原文往往具有一定的特征:讲话人会在提出观点后进行举例,举例结束以后往往会以某种方式引起听众的注意,接下来进行总结。而讲座中“老师试图引起听众的注意”从某种程度上来说可以理解为“出题人试图引起考生的注意”,相当于给出一个出题信号。当我们经过训练,能足够敏感地捕捉到这些信号时,就降低了遗漏重要信息的几率。

常见的“出题信号”有:

well, now, you know等语气词;

明显、刻意的停顿;

老师的自问自答(答案的内容就是对举例的总结);

其他表示引起听众注意的声音信号。

例一:TPO12-Lecture1-Q9

听力原文:

Now a telomere is a highly repetitious and genetically meaningless sequence 
of DNA, what we were calling junk DNA But it does have an important purpose 
It’s sort of like the plastic tip on each end of a shoelace It may not help you 
tie your shoe but that little plastic tip keeps the rest of the shoelace, the 
shoe string from unraveling into weak and useless threads Well, the telomeres 
at the ends of chromosomes seem to do about the same thing―protect the genes, 
the genetically functional parts of the chromosome from being damaged

译文:

呃…,端粒是一段高度重复、没有遗传意义的DNA序列,也就是我们通常所说的“垃圾DNA”。但它却有一个非常重要的作用――像是鞋带两头的塑料片,可能它们不能帮你系上鞋带,但能保持鞋带的其他部分不散成柔软无用的丝线。……嗯,染色体两端的端粒似乎也有同样的作用,也就是保护具有遗传功能的基因,以防止其受到损坏。

刚才这段听力原文是对染色体端粒的介绍,大家能看到,老师通过举了一个鞋带的例子来说明端粒的作用。原文中有很多细节,比如塑料片、鞋带、丝线等等,如果听力反应不够快或是没有完全听懂,很可能会搞得云里雾里。但在听力中能很明显地听到一个表停顿和调整的语气词“well”,后面的句子是对例证的总结:端粒的作用就是保护DNA。在整个段落中,考生只需要对众多细节有一个大概的印象即可,不需要详细记录,但需要把总结句完全听懂,并进行适当记录。针对本段的考题如下:

9 Why does the professor mention shoelaces

A To point out that chromosomes are arranged in pairs

B To describe the coiled shape of a chromosome

C To illustrate how chromosomes are protected from damage

D To explain how chromosomes are joined before dividing

答案选C,to illustrate how chromosomes are protected from damage,是对原文protect 
the genes, the genetically functional parts of the chromosome from being 
damaged的同义改写。这符合听力考题正确选项的特征――对应原文,并且一般对原文进行适当改写或同义转述。

例二:TPO5-Lecture1-Q7

听力原文:

Have you ever heard the one about alligators living in New York sewers The 
story goes like this: a family went on vacation in Florida and bought a couple 
of baby alligators as presents for their children, then returned from vacation 
to New York, bringing the alligators home with them as pets But the alligators 
would escape and find their way into the New York sewer system where they 
started reproducing, grew to huge sizes and now strike fear into sewer workers 
Have you heard this story Well, it isn’t true and it never happened But 
despite that, the story has been around since the 1930s Or how about the song 
“Twinkle, twinkle little star”, you know, “twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I 
wonder what you are” Well, we’ve all heard this song Where am I going with 
this Well, both the song and the story are examples of memes And that’s what 
we would talk about, the theory of memes

译文:

你们听说过那个关于住在纽约下水道里的鳄鱼们的故事吗故事大概是这样的:一家人去佛罗里达州度假,给孩子们带回来几只鳄鱼宝宝做礼物,然后带着几只鳄鱼回到了纽约的家中当宠物。但是后来鳄鱼们溜走了,钻进了纽约的地下管道系统,开始生长繁衍,长成庞然大物,还把管道工们吓得屁滚尿流。听过这个故事吗呵呵,这当然不是真的,从来没发生过。但尽管如此,这个故事从20世纪30年代开始便一直在流传。呃,那么,你们听过《小星星》这首歌吗――“一闪一闪亮晶晶,满天都是小星星……”我们都听过这首歌……我要说什么来着……这首歌和这个故事都是米姆(meme,可以自行复制传播的文化基因)的例子,今天我们就来探讨一下米姆的理论。

但愿在考生们听鳄鱼的故事和老师唱歌的时候,不要奋笔疾书!冗长的例子之后,老师居然还唱了起来(在讲座听力中,老师真的有唱歌哦),真是天雷滚滚。这些例子占据大量篇幅,但只是为后面的总结句――“今天我们来探讨米姆理论”做铺垫,它们作为supporting 
information,对我们解题并不重要。在老师一句自问自答“我今天要说什么来着”(明显是出题方引起考生注意的信号)之后,大家一定要打起精神,听清后面这句话。虽然同所举例子相比篇幅实在太小――只有一句话而已,但它才是解题的关键。针对本段的考题如下:

7 Why does the professor tell the story about alligators

A To explain the difference between true and false stories

B To draw an analogy between alligator reproduction and cultural 
transmission

C To give an example of a piece of information that functions as a 
meme

D To show how a story can gradually change into a song

答案选C,to give an example of a piece of information that functions as a 
meme,是对原文both the song and the story are examples of memes And that’s what we 
would talk about, the theory of memes的同义改写。

再来看以下几道例题(“考题信号”用粗斜体标出):

例三:TPO6-Lecture3-Q8

听力原文:

Say you have three friends, their car runs out of gas on the highway John 
gets upset Mary remains calm Teresa takes charge of handling the situation 
And let’s say, both John and Mary defer to her leadership They call you to 
explain what happen And when John tells you he got mad, you’re not surprised, 
because he always gets frustrated when things go wrong Then he tells you how 
Teresa took charge, calmed him down, assigned tasks for each person and got them 
on their way

Again, you’re not surprised It’s exactly what you’d expect

Well, you need to know your characters, like you know your friends

试题:

8 The professor discusses an example of three friends who run out of gas 
What point does he use the example to illustrate

A Writers should know their characters as well as they know their 
friends

B Writers should create characters that interact in complex ways

C Friends do not always behave the way we expect them to behave

D Friends’ behavior is often more predictable than fictional characters’ 
behavior

答案:A

点评:“say”有“比方说”的意思,之后所举的例子可谓情节跌宕起伏、一波三折、满是细节。但考生只需要有印象“讲座中提到过一个修车的例子”即可,对答题有帮助的句子只有 
“well”一词之后的这句“you need to know you characters, like you know your 
friends”,答案是对它的同义改写:Writers should know their characters as well as they know 
their friends

例四:TPO4-Lecture1-Q10

听力原文:

What’s interesting is that studies have been done that suggest that the 
animal’s environment may play a part in determining what kind of behavior it 
displays

For example, there’s a bird, the “wood thrush,” anyway, when the “wood 
thrush” is in an attack-escape conflict, that is, it’s caught between the two 
urges to escape from or to attack an enemy, if it’s sitting on a horizontal 
branch, it’ll wipe its beak on its perch If it’s sitting on a vertical branch, 
it’ll groom its breast feathers

The immediate environment of the bird, its immediate, um, its relationship 
to its immediate environment seems to play a part in which behavior will 
display

试题:

10 Why does the professor mention the wood thrush

A To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animals 
species

B To explain that some animals display displacement activities other than 
grooming

C To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the 
environment

D To give an example of an animal that does not display displacement 
activities

答案:C

点评:for example后提到的两种鸟均为举例中的supporting 
details,不需要重点做笔记。考生应关注的是举完例子之后的总结句。答案即是对总结句的改写。考试时听力原文无法像阅读文章那样给人直观的分段的视觉印象,但能通过信号词等感觉出语意的转折。

本文介绍的是针对特定题型的听力技巧,要求考生具有一定的听力基本功。希望以后有机会和大家探讨提高听力基本功的“听写-跟读-听读”三步法。

Graffiti:我们俗称的涂鸦,这个词是原于希腊文的 “Graphein”。
最为认同的说法是graffiti起源于1966年美国的费城和宾夕法尼亚州(Pennsylvania)。开始时, graffiti没有piece的概念, 只是简单的写tag等, 而这些graffiti writers(涂鸦者)的tag除了是自己的绰号还有自家门牌号之类,直到后期1971- 1974, 越来越多的writers开始在字型, 效果等上钻研 80年代, writers在车上, 火车等不同表面上做graffiti, 墙不再是唯一介质了。一直发展到现在, writers有更多方法和途径。让人们认识他(她), Video Graf, cyber space等等……
============
电子涂鸦
不少涂鸦者近年转向以电脑创作涂鸦以避免触犯法例。这种涂鸦多是仿效喷漆艺术的电脑图像。技术上,这些创作并非未经准许,因此它们不算涂鸦,但它们的图案样式使它们归入涂鸦之列。
严格来说,电脑涂鸦只是涂鸦艺术家以电脑辅助创作,并非真的由电脑负责涂鸦。
另外,电脑涂鸦也常在游戏中用以仿真城市实景。
现在比较盛行计算机涂鸦的主要是日本和中国,称之为"网络涂鸦"并且日本开发了一系列的涂鸦软件

中文是:你好,我叫萨姆。拼音是:ni hao ,wo jiao sa mu。

Sam萨姆(男子名, Samuel的昵称)

1、I wonder how Sam got on with him

我不知道萨姆和他相处得怎么样。

2、Is Sam there Let me talk to him

萨姆在吗?让我和他谈谈。

3、Sam Torrance is the man I have to thank for resurrecting my career

多亏了萨姆·托兰斯,我才重新开始我的职业。

代表名字:

Sam是1984年洛杉矶奥运会的吉祥物。名为Sam的白头海雕以美国星条旗为背景,红白蓝颜色更是美国的代表色,以卡通造形的鹰穿着代表美国传奇人物“山姆大叔”的服装。由迪斯尼所设计的吉祥物,十足的美国风味,吉祥物被 商业化利用也从此次开始。

扩展资料:

Sam的原名:Samuel

英 [ˈsæmjuəl]   美 [ˈsæmjuəl]

n塞缪尔(男子名)

1、Julia Samuel was one of Prince Andrew's old flames

朱莉娅·塞缪尔是安德鲁王子的旧欢之一。

2、Representative writers of this period are John dryden, Alexander pope, Jonathan Swift And Samuel johnson

这一时期的代表性作家由约翰“德莱顿、亚历山大”蒲柏、乔纳森“斯威夫特和萨缪尔”约翰逊。

3、Mark Twain and Samuel Clemens were one and the same

马克吐温和塞缪尔克莱门斯是一个人。

其实背单词并不是应付高考英语的最佳方法,毕竟这不是考英语四级,并不需要大量的词汇量,学英语,语感很重要。
尤其像你这种情况,更要采取非常手段,培养语感的速度要远远比背会单词的速度快,多看些英文文章、报纸、杂志等,或上英文网站多看看,推荐你一个网站,是关于articles and writers的:>

1骚情赋骨

2骚人词客

3骚人墨客

4骚人墨士

5骚人雅士

1成语: 骚情赋骨

拼音: sāo qíng fù gǔ

解释: 指文人的情调与风骨。

出处: 清·徐士俊《络冰丝》:“小生沈约字休文……天生就骚情赋骨,随他半幅纸、半点黑,当值千金。”

用法: 作宾语、定语;用于书面语

2成语: 骚人词客

拼音: sāo rén cí kè

解释: 指诗人、作家等风雅的文人。同“骚人墨客”。

出处: 清·戴名世《〈巢青阁集〉序》:“永嘉山水,秀绝寰区,曩者亦骚人词客之所萃也。”

近义词: 骚人墨客、骚人墨士、骚人雅士

用法: 作宾语、定语;指文人

3成语: 骚人墨客

拼音: sāo rén mò kè

解释: 骚人:屈原作《离骚》,因此称屈原或《楚辞》的作者为骚人。墨客:文人。指诗人、作家等风雅的文人。

出处: 唐·李白《古风》诗:“正声何微茫,哀怨起骚人。”汉·扬雄《长杨赋》:“墨客降席,再拜稽首。”

举例造句: 或因写物创意而运思高妙,如骚人墨客,登高而赋。 ★《宣和画谱》卷十二

近义词: 一介书生、文章巨公、文人雅士

反义词: 胸无点墨

用法: 作宾语、定语;指文人

英文: poets and writers

4成语: 骚人墨士

拼音: sāo rén mò shì

解释: 指诗人、作家等风雅的文人。同“骚人墨客”。

出处: 明·李介《天香阁随笔》卷一:“人知浙江为东南形胜,而不知吴越之奇观,自一二客帆渔艇而外,未尝有横画舫于烟波,负奚囊于邱壑者,今世之骚人墨士,不过侈谈西湖耳。”

举例造句:

拼音代码: srms

近义词: 骚人韵士、骚人逸客、骚人雅士

5成语: 骚人雅士

拼音: sāo rén yǎ shì

解释: 指诗人、作家等风雅的文人。同“骚人墨客”。

出处: 老舍《骆驼祥子》二四:“公园里的牡丹芍药,邀来骚人雅士,缓步徘徊,摇着名贵的纸扇。”

近义词: 骚翁墨客、骚人墨士、骚人逸客

This is the time when many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is
supported
句子语法结构分析
主语:This (这个)
系动词:is (是)
表语:the time(这个时间/时候)
定语从句:when many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported
定语从句主语:many writers(很多作家)
定语从句谓语:find(发现/觉得/认为)
定语从句形式宾语:it(它)
定语从句宾语补足语:most effecive(最有效的)
定语从句正真宾语:to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported(作为支持这篇著作的隐藏性脊柱/脊椎的形象化的方式进行概述)
动词不定式语法结构分析
动词不定式:to outline
修饰动词不定式方式状语:as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported
方式状语语法结构分析:
as a way of 作为一种方式
visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported
动词+宾语+定语从句
动词:visualizing (使形象化;想象/设想)
宾语:the hidden spine(隐藏性脊柱/脊椎)
修饰宾语定语从句:by which the piece of writing is supported(证实/支持这篇著作的)
关系代词which引导定语从句,which= the hidden spine; by which=by hidden spine
被动语态:The piece of writing is supported by the hidden spine
主动语态:The hidden spine supports the piece of writing
翻译成中文通常用主动语态翻译
visualize the hidden spine =使隐藏性脊柱/脊椎的形象化
该句子为一个定语从句修饰的一个名词
by which the piece of writing is supported= The piece of writing is supported by the hidden spine 意思,支持这篇著作的隐藏性脊柱/脊椎

问题一:爱尔兰的英文怎么写 Ireland

问题二:爱尔兰的英文缩写? 中文爱尔兰
英文Ireland
读音
英语读音'alnd
美语读音'arlnd
英文缩写IRE

问题三:爱尔兰英语是什么 Irish English 缩写为 Ir Eng

问题四:英国与爱尔兰英文名称什么? 英国 全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)包括大不列颠岛上的英格兰 苏格兰 威尔士 以及 爱尔兰岛上的 北爱尔兰 爱尔兰 全称:爱尔兰共和国(Republic of弗Ireland) 两个都是独立国家 有独立的货币体系。

问题五:爱尔兰的英文介绍 爱尔兰的英文介绍
1The two largest islands of the British Isles(不列颠群岛)are Great Britain and IrelandIreland is sometimes called the Emerald Isle because it is so green The island has wide green plains and rolling green hills Cool weather and lots of rain help keep the island green Summers in Ireland are not very hot and winters are not very cold The island is divided between two countries The northern part is a province of the United Kingdom called Northern Ireland Most of the island is the country called Ireland
不列颠群岛的两个最大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰。爱尔兰有时被称为绿宝石岛,因为它是如此的绿。岛上有大片绿色平原和连绵起伏的绿色山丘。凉爽的天气和大量的雨水使岛上绿色。爱尔兰的夏天不是很热,冬天不是很冷。爱尔兰分为两个国家。北部是北爱尔兰联合王国的一个省。大部分的岛屿是叫 尔兰的国家。
2 Hurling(爱尔兰式曲棍球)
This sport is the most natively Irish game is hurling It is played by two teams of fifteen players(每队15人), with a ball like a hockey ball which is struck by wooden sticks with a curved, rounded end or boss
爱尔兰式曲棍球是爱尔兰的本土运动。它由两队参与,每队15人, 球形与曲棍球hockey
的一样,球棍的头是弧形或圆形的。
3Popular sports in Ireland(爱尔兰流行的体育运动)
Soccer or football, rugby, cricket and tennis owe their origins to Britain The newest and most fashionable ball game in Ireland is golfOther widely popular sports are sailing and running But that nearest the Irish heart must be the sport of horse-racing because they can place a bet for the occasion 英式足球、橄榄球、板球和网球都是起源 于英国的。爱尔兰 最新的和最流行的球类运动是高尔夫球。其它广泛流行的体育运动还有帆船运动和赛 跑 。但是爱尔兰人最喜欢的运动是赛马,因为他们可以在赛马会上赌马。
4Irish music and dance(爱尔兰的音乐、舞蹈)
1) Riverdance (“ 河之舞 ”)
Riverdance is a very popular form of danci>>

问题六:爱尔兰的英语简单介绍 Ireland is an island to the north-west of continental Europe It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on EarthTo its east is the island of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea
Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remaining area and is located in the north-east of the island The population of Ireland is approximately 64 million Just under 46 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just over 18 million live in Northern Ireland

问题七:爱尔兰用爱尔兰字怎么写 Poblacht na héireann

问题八:用英文介绍爱尔兰风景有翻译) Ireland is indeed a green country - so much rainfall must have its benefits - and the people are justifiably renowned for their friendlinessAs for the geniuses,well,the Irish will proudly point to their four Nobel Laureates for Literature and declare that the success rate is unmatched in any other country of its size,all the while ensuring that the sacred 'round' system (where everyone buys a drink for everyone else in turn) is strictly adhered to
Yet Ireland's charms run far deeper than the legendary craic of the pub or the acplishments of a bunch of (mostly) dead writersIt has a remarkable history that is woven into virtually everything,from the prehistoric stone monuments of the Boyne Valley to the monuments honouring its fallen patriots,men and women who dared challenge the imperious might of its longtime occupier and contemporary friend,Britain
It has a vibrant and dynamic capital,Dublin,which has spearheaded a stunning period of economic growth that has seen the country transformed from rural backwater to the envy of EuropeAs a result,the Irish have grown in worldliness that continues to propel them to greater heights of achievementEven the thorniest issue of all - Northern Ireland - has seen a kind of resolution and Ireland looks to the future with untrammelled confidence
爱尔兰是一个绿色的国家,这么多的降水必须有它的好处,人们有理由以他们的友好。至于天才,嗯,爱尔兰将自豪地指着自己的四诺贝尔文学奖得主宣布其规模在其他国家的成功率是无与伦比的,而所有的保证那神圣的“圆”系统(每个人都买了一把其他人都在喝)是严格遵守。但爱尔兰的魅力跑比酒吧或者一群成就传奇的欢乐氛围更(多)死的作家,有着非凡的历史,编织成>>

问题九:据说是爱尔兰 英文。求翻译 急用呢 即使(Uked)只有一直把你带到世界(Plase)迪伊威恩悲伤为其余(Shince)我你的
抚 ↓
有的单词错了吧 please

I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are"
最后的who are省略了read,和前面的who are not read里的read都是过去分词,构成被动语态。
apply A to B(把A用于B)是英语习语。Writers who are not read apply a term of contempt to writers who are (read)意思就是:那些没人读他们作品的作家把这个蔑称用到那些有人读他们作品的作家头上。


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