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英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

一、 表示强调:

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

1 only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

egOnly in this way can you solve this problem 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

egOnly after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2 not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

eg No sooner had I got home than it began to rain 我刚到家就下起了雨。

eg Seldom do I go to work by bus 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

3 so / suchthat结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

egSo unreasonable was his price that everybody startled 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

egTo such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

二、 承上启下

有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。

egThey broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead Around his head was a brown snake 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

eg We really should not resent being called paupers Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛

在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:

Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

Out of the bosom of the Air,

Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

Over the woodlands brown and bare,

Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

Silent, and soft, and slow,

Descends the snow

在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。

四、 平衡结构

英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。

1 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。

egTo the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners

egA company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners

一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。

egOn the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities

egSome air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。

2 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。

egSuch would be our home in the future 我们将来的家就是这个样子。

3 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。

egHere is the letter you have been looking forward to 你盼望已久的信在这儿。

五、 使描写生动

有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。

egUp went the rocket into the air 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

egDown jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him 当警察把手q瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。

egBoom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!

egBang came another shot!砰!又是一声q响!

以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。

"Stop thief! Stop thief!" There is a magic cry in the sound The tradesman leaves his counter, Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming,

"Stop thief ! Stop thief !" The cry is taking by a hundred voices, Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people ( Dickens )

作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。

扩展资料:

完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”，主要涉及以下几种类型：

一、here类

当表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。如：

Here’s Tom 汤姆在这里。

There’s Jim 吉姆在那儿。

Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了。

There goes the bell 铃响了。

There goes the last train 最后一班火车开走了。

这类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不能倒装。如：

Here it comes 它来了。

二、away类

副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：

Away went the runners 赛跑选手们跑远了。

Round and round flew the plane 飞机盘旋着。

The door opened and in came Mr Smith 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。

这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不用倒装。如：

Away he went 他跑远了。

Down it came 它掉了下来。

三、状语或表语类

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如：

Among these people was his friend Jim 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。

在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：

In the box was a cat 箱子里是一只猫。

In the box were some cats 箱子里是一些猫。

四、非谓语动词类

有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：

Standing beside the table was his wife 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

Buried in the sands was an ancient village 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。

To be carefully considered are the following questions 下列问题要仔细考虑。

参考资料:百度百科——倒装句

问题一：治理环境污染的英文怎么说 英文原文：
Treatment of environmental pollution is a major project
英式音标：
[tritm()nt] [v; ()v] [nvarnment()l; en-] [plu()n] [z] [ə; e] [med] [prdekt]
美式音标：
[tritmnt] [v] [nvarnmntl] [plun] [z] [e] [med] [prdkt]

问题二：谁污染，谁治理用英语怎么说 Who pollution, who control

问题三：如何治理空气污染的英语作文 Pollution is harmful to human beingsPolluted water causes many kinds of diseases such as diarrhea,enteritis,etcAnd sometimes these diseases even take man’s lifeDirty air or air-borne garbage causes stinging eyes and running nosePollutants are destructiveThey cause runs in nylon stockings and crack rubber tires and they eat away at stone and rust iron
Measures have been taken to control pollutionIn recent years,legislative steps have been introduced to control pollutionRivers are being cleanedAir is purified,and pollutants are being trapped before they are poured out of chimneys
However,pollution problems have not been pletely solvedPesticides are widely used almost everywhereThey pollute soil,water and foodThey have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdlessSome factories are still using air as a dumping place for wastesSome lakes are still dirtyQuite a few chimneys are still pouring oke into air and noise pollution remains serious
翻译：
污染对人类有害污染的水引起多种疾病,诸如腹泻,肠炎等有时这些疾病甚至会夺去人的生命污染的空气或空气中含有的废物引起眼睛刺痛,流鼻涕污染物是有害的,它们使尼龙长袜脱丝,使车胎爆裂,侵蚀石头,使铁生锈
为了防止污染,采取了一些措施近年来,采取一些立法措施来控制污染河水正在变清,空气正被净化,污染物从烟囱中排放出来以前,就得到了控制
然而,污染问题并未完全解决杀虫剂在广泛使用着,些杀虫剂污染着土壤、水和食品,使河流的鱼类无法生存,使我们的花园飞鸟绝迹,毫无声息一些工厂仍然把大气作为垃圾倾倒场一些湖泊依然很脏还有不少的烟囱把烟尘排放到大气中,另外,噪音污染依然严重

问题四：污染的英文是什么？ pollution名词，污染
pollute动词，污染

问题五：治理用英语怎么说呢 Government

问题六：如何治理空气污染的英语作文 Nowadays,stopping air pollution has bee the mon issue that concerns the governments of many countries and people of all walks of life Air pollution has caused a series of environment problems,such as the green house effect,damage to the ozone layer and acid rain They all pose a threat to human living condition and health
Therefore,effective measures should be taken to stop air pollution First,the government must make sure related laws are put into practice Those who give off waste gases into the air directly without disposal would be punished Second,people get education about what they could do to stop air pollution

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