Lock History
A brief history of locks in America
In even the earliest buildings, locks were used to protect possessions A great many of them consisted of just a wooden bar mounted on iron brackets The only thing that has not changed over the centuries is that whatever you lock up, someone else will try to open This is well illustrated by the epitaph on a New England headstone
An ancient locksmith died of late, and did arrive at Heaven's gate; He stood without, and wouldn't knock, because he meant to pick that lock!
During the period of the 18th and 19th century many technical developments were made in the locking mechanisms that added to the security of common locking devices It was during this period that America changed form importing door hardware to manufacturing it and even exporting some New applications for cast iron, brass and clay completely changed the appearance of the locks that could be bought The development through the years of locking devices was carried out by hundreds of individuals all over the world To put America's locks at a reasonable price you must only realize that the Chinese had, in common use before the year 1000, a strong, small lock, operated by a relatively easy to carry key In the years before dynamite was discovered in 1867, the key was everything Without the key a thief had little hope of opening a locked strongbox or door For this reason the shape of a key as well as number of wards cut into it were varied to meet the needs of the material being protected Blacksmiths in the Colonies made many locks, as well as their other products They could not keep up with the demand for locks as the country expanded even though some specialized in just lockmaking These men were known as Whitesmiths as they filed and polished their products, unlike the blacksmith who left the surface much as it came from forge Lockmaking required the skills common to the Blacksmith plus lathe turning, spring tempering, rivet and screw making, precise fitting and hole punching Sometimes in the same shop, brass casting was done for the knobs and escutcheons that were used The First American iron works was erected at Sagus, Mass in 1646 Brass Foundries and Iron furnaces, as they were called, such as Hopewell, Isabella and Warwick Furnace all near our business in Chester County Pennsylvania produced a multitude of common and specialized products But like the Whitesmith, the demand was greater that they could meet It is for these reasons that is safe to assume that over 80% of the Iron locks and more that 90% of the Brass Locks used in this country before 1800 were imported
Molded Edge locks produced in England were popular with people of means for their main doors through the late 1700's both here in America and in England Just as the Dutch, German, Swedish, English and French carpenters built houses of a type that they knew in their homeland, so did the locksmith create locks that were familiar to him
The plate latch is based on an English pattern There are many different latches designed by different countries, each one unusual in it's own right The Dutch elbow latch, the Moravian latch, the French mortised locks with lever handles of brass and many more Iron locks, thumb latches, bar latches, key locks, stock locks, Carpenter patent locks and other devices were used in great quantity
On Carpenter locks, they were widely used in the East and South and they were all made in England The latching bar that lifted through a brass rimmed keeper is the patented design and the patent was issued in 1820
In all there were about 20 companies producing these locks, under license, from Carpenter To confuse the historians that like to have clear cut dates on everything, according to the noted Pa restoration architect, G Edwim Brumbaugh, the house at Pottstown, PA known as Pottsgrove Mansion was fitted with Carpenter Locks when it was built in the 1750's It is strange to note that this lock as common as it is in this country, is, as far as we know, completely absent in England Could it be that they were all made for export
If a date were required to be set for the ending of handcraftsmanship in locks, I would use 1840 This corresponds to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in this country, and is followed closely by mass production In 1831, Frederick T Stanley established the first factory for the manufacture of, not the making of, locks in New Britain Conn Others had at that time, produced items such as locks, hinges, bells, utensils, nails, screws, and all the hundreds of things that are hard to find today Mr Stanley's shop was set up only to make door locks In the years to follow the Stanley name, Frederick or his cousins William and Henry, were associated with other now famous American lockmakers, including Seth North of North and Stanley; Henry Russel of Russel and Erwin and Philip Corbin of P&F Corbin
Between 1840 and 1900 patents were issued by the hundreds to these men and others for improvements of locking devices or decorative trim The leader in the decorative hardware field, known then as compression bronze, was Russell and Erwin One of the most noticeable developments of the period was the widely used Mineral knob in White, Bennington brown and Black These knobs were patented by John Pepper in 1851 Mr Cornelius Erwin of Russell and Erwin helped him form "The Mineral Knob Company" to produce these knobs These knobs were used on thousands of locks
Corbin developed the unit lock, which was installed by cutting a notch in the edge of the door, sliding the unit it and fastening the trim on both sides In 1833, JA Blake patented the grandfather on the tubular lock of today This was installed by drilling only two holes into the door
Walter R Schlage of San Francisco was awarded 11 patents for the development of the tubular lock Mr Linus Yale, his son and employees added to the problems of would be thieves with the non-ending stream of improved bank locks that they made
Mr Samuel Segal, former New York City policeman, is credited for the first jimmy proof locks, and has over 25 patents to prove that he didn't stop when he built the first one in 1916
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A lock or water lock is an enclosed, rectangular chamber with gates at each end, within which water is raised or lowered to allow boats or ships to overcome differences in water level Locks have a history of over 2,000 years, and although they are most often used by boats on canals, they also are used to transport massive ships between seas
All locks operate on the simple buoyancy principle that any vessel, no matter what size, will float atop a large enough volume of water By raising or lowering the level of a body of water, the vessel itself goes up or down accordingly Locks are used to connect two bodies of water that are at different ground levels as well as to "walk" a vessel up or down a river's more turbulent parts This is done by a series of connecting or "stair-case" locks Locks contributed significantly to the Industrial Revolution (period beginning about the middle of the eighteenth century during which humans began to use steam engines as a major source of power) by making possible the interconnection of canals and rivers, thus broadening commerce They still play a major role in today's industrial society
History
The ancestor of the modern lock is the flash lock It originated in China and is believed to have been used as early as 50 BC The flash lock was a navigable gap in a masonry dam that could be opened or closed by a single wooden gate Opening the gate very quickly would release a sudden surge of water that was supposed to assist a vessel downstream through shallow water This was often very dangerous Using the flash lock to go upstream was usually safe but extremely slow since the gap in the dam was used to winch or drag a vessel through
At some future date, a second gate was added to the flash lock, thus giving birth to the pound lock The first known example of a pound lock (whose dual gates "impound" or capture the water) was in China in AD 984 It consisted of two flash locks about 250 feet (76 meters) apart By raising or lowering guillotine or up-and-down gates at each end, water was captured or released The space between the two gates thus acted as an equalizing chamber that elevated or lowered a vessel to meet the next water level This new method was entirely controllable and had none of the hazards and surges of the old flash lock
Ships in the Miraflores locks on the Panama Canal (Reproduced by permission of
Photo Researchers, Inc
)
The first pound lock in Europe was built at Vreeswijk, the Netherlands, in 1373 Like its Chinese ancestor, it also had guillotine gates The pound lock system spread quickly throughout Europe during the next century, but was eventually replaced by an improved system that formed the basis of the modern lock system During the fifteenth century, Italian artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) devised an improved form of pound lock whose gates formed a V-shape when closed In 1487, Leonardo built six locks with gates of this type These gates turned on hinges, like doors, and when closed they formed a V-shape pointing upstream—thus giving them their name of miter gates One great advantage of miter gates was that they were self-sealing from the pressure of the upsteam water
Construction and operation
The earliest locks were built entirely of wood, with stone and then brick becoming standard materials The gates themselves were always wooden, with some lasting as long as 50 years Filling or emptying these early locks was often accomplished by hand-operated sluices or floodgates built in the gates On later and larger locks, it was found that conduits or culverts built into the lock wall itself were not only more efficient but let the water enter in a smoother, more controlled manner Nearly all locks operate in the following manner: (1) A vessel going downstream to shallower water enters a lock with the front gate closed (2) The rear gate is then closed and the water level in the lock is lowered by opening a valve The vessel goes down as the water escapes (3) When the water level inside the lock is as low as that downstream, the front gate is opened and the vessel continues on its way To go upstream, the process is reversed, with the water level being raised inside the lock What the operators always strive for is to fill or empty the lock in the fastest time possible with a minimum of turbulence
In modern locks, concrete and steel have replaced wood and brick, and hydraulic power or electricity is used to open and close the gates and side sluices Movable gates are the most important part of a lock, and they must be strong enough to withstand the water pressure arising from the often great difference in water levels They are mostly a variation of Leonardo's miter gates, except now they usually are designed to be stored inside the lock's wall recesses
Probably the best known locks in the world are those used in the Panama Canal—the most-used canal in the world Completed in 1914, the Panama Canal is an interoceanic waterway 51 miles (82 kilometers) long that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Isthmus of Panama It has three major sets of locks, each of which is built in tandem to allow vessels to move in either direction, like a separated, twoway street Each lock gate has two leaves, 65 feet (20 meters) wide by 7 feet (2 meter) thick, set on hinges The gates range in height from 47 to 82 feet (14 to 25 meters) and are powered by large motors built in the lock walls The chambers are 1,000 feet (305 meters) long, 110 feet (34 meters) wide, and 41 feet (13 meters) deep Most large vessels are towed through the locks As with all locks today, they are operated from a control tower using visual signals and radio communications
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History
The ancestor of the modern lock is the flash lock, also called a navigation weir or stanch It originated in China and is believed to have been used as early as 50 BC The flash lock was a navigable gap in a masonry dam or weir that could be opened or closed by a single wooden gate Opening the gate or sluice very quickly would release a sudden surge of water that was supposed to assist a vessel downstream through shallow water This was often very dangerous Using the flash lock to go upstream was usually safe but extremely slow since the gap in the dam was used to winch or drag a vessel through
At some point, what now seems to be a very obvious improvement was made, and a second gate was added to the flash lock, thus giving birth to the pound lock The first known example of a pound lock (whose dual gates "impound" or capture the water) is in China in 984 AD Supposedly built by Chiao Wei-Yo on the West River section of the Grand Canal near Huai-yin, it consisted of two flash locks about 250 ft (762 m) apart By raising or lowering guillotine gates at each end, water was captured or released The space between the two gates thus acted as an equalizing chamber that elevated or lowered a vessel to meet the next water level This new method was entirely controllable and had none of the hazards and surges of the old flash lock
Although a primitive form of lock was used in Belgium as early as 1180, the first pound lock in Europe was built at Vreeswijk, Holland in 1373 Like its Chinese ancestor, it also had guillotine or up-and-down gates The pound lock system spread quickly throughout Europe during the next century and was eventually replaced by an improved system that formed the basis of the modern lock system During the fifteenth century, the multi-talented Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), served the Duke of Milan as engineer and devised an improved form of pound lock whose gates formed a V-shape when closed In 1487, da Vinci built six locks with gates of this type These gates turned on hinges, like doors, and when closed they formed a vee shape pointing upstream-thus giving them their name of miter gates Da Vinci realized that one great advantage of miter gates is that they were self-sealing by the pressure of the water (since they point upstream) Also when there is a difference in water level between one side and the other, the pressure holding the gates together is at its greatest Most of the great canals of Europe use locks In France, the Briare Canal, completed in 1642, included 40 locks, one series of which was a staircase of six locks that handled a fall of 65 ft (20 m) The famous Canal du Midi that leads to the Mediterranean was finished in 1692 and used 26 locks to surmount the 206-ft (61 m) difference from Garonne to Toulouse It then descended 620 ft (189 m) through 74 locks The first lock in England was built in 1566, but it was not until 1783 that a lock was completed in North America at Lake St Francis in Canada
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The History Of Locks
Locksmithing is one of the oldest handicrafts known to civilized man Long before the great Pyramids were built, Locksmiths plied their trade in Egypt, Babylon, Assyria and China In fact, it may be said that the first key to be used by mankind was the branch of the tree, which the cavemen used to move aside the boulder that guarded the entrance to his cave In the ruins of ancient cities, archaeologists frequently uncover locking devices that protected the wealth of men who lived before the time of written history
Over forty centuries ago an Egyptian artist painted a fresco on an ancient temple, which showed a lock that was, then in use A similar lock was actually found in the ruins of a once sumptuous palace in a suburb of the biblical city of Nineveh This lock is said to be the oldest lock in existence
It is quite reasonable to suppose that the first barring of a door was done by means of a cross beam, either dropped into sockets of sliding in staples fixed on the door; and it is equally reasonable to suppose that if it slid, a vertical pin dropping into a hole through the staple and beam together, kept the beam in place If the beam was on the outside of the door, the locking pin must be hidden, and reached either through a hole in the beam, or else through a hole in the staple This is the kind of primitive lock as made by the Egyptians
They shortened the beam in a long bolt, and made it hollow for part of its length, so as to reach the pin hidden in beam and staple through the beam itself The key, which was pushed up the hollow, had pegs on it to match the pins, which held the bolt - for the one pin was now multiplied When the key was well home it was raised, and so its pegs lifted up the pins out of the way, leaving the bolt free Then the bolt was drawn back by the key; the pegs are the latter filling up and engaging with the holes until then filled by the pins It will be noticed that the shank of the key is the arm and the pegs are the fingers of the hand The dropping pins are the true tumblers The Egyptian lock was first described by Eton in his Survey of the Turkish Empire, 1798 Further information about it was given early in the 19th century by Denon, the Frenchman, who said that he had found the locks sculptured in one of the grand old temples of Karnac, which shows that the same kind of lock has served Egypt for 40 centuries Locks almost identical or with very little difference and still made of wood have been seen recently in Iraq and Zanzibar In another class of primitive locks, the pins were reached through a hole in the staple and not through the bolt There is good reason to believe they were once remarkably widespread They have seen comparatively recently in some parts of Scandinavia, in the Hebrides and Faroe Islands They have been observed also upon the West Coast of Africa and in the less frequented parts of certain Balkan States The hole in the
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方块 日文：ダイヤ 英文：DIA 正式名：方块。（详情请看第三季：守护甜心！派对！或看第100集。大家一直都叫她方块，她也没有否认。而且ダイヤ翻译成中文的意思为方块） 漫画也音译成： 戴雅
方块是个擅长唱歌的守护甜心，是亚梦心中的光辉。 坏方块初登场于动画第二十七话。亚梦的坏甜心。 头上的装饰有白色的"X"的记号。因为空海毕业、抚子留学、别人认为亚梦不再像自己等因素，让戴雅变成坏蛋，并离开亚梦。被收集坏蛋中的歌呗发现，认为歌呗是主人。跟随著歌呗，一起收集坏蛋。 在漫画第5卷，亚梦把方块变坏甜心的事告诉了守护者，在动画版的是在31集时告诉守护者的。 在漫画第六卷二十五话（动画四十三话），"X"记号因为亚梦的话而除下，方块装饰变成两个。 在漫画38话（动画100话）重新诞生并变身，漫画39话（动画101话）和小兰、美琪、小丝一起变身成Amulet Fortune（守护命运）。四个甜心与亚梦合力出击—Open Heart Full Volume! （心灵大门 全开）True Love（真实之爱）
和歌呗变身成「Dark Jewel」(黑暗宝石)，必杀技能是「Shining Black」(暗之耀)和「Glitter Particle」（闪烁沙砾）。 在漫画二十五话（动画43话），"X"记号因为亚梦的话而除下，并且头上的方块装饰变成了两个，和亚梦变身为「Amulet Dia」（守护方块/净恶方块），必杀技能是★「Starlight Navigation」（星光航道)★Shootingstar Shower(流星风暴/流星沐浴)★Tinkle Shield（叮当之盾，此技能一直到动画第三季都未出） 由于是非正常诞生，漫画二十六话变身解除后就回到了蛋中，所以仍不知道她的正式名称。 接着在第二季偶尔中诞生 在漫画38话 ( 动画100话 ) 孵出并与亚梦再次变身 另外，方块似乎有读心术一样的能力，口头禅是「光辉」（かがやき）。
日奈森亚梦（ひなもり あむ）（Hinamori Amu）（CV：伊藤かな恵） 初登场于第一话。主角。圣夜学园的小学生（故事开始的时候是5年级，漫画则四年级）。粉红色中短发，特征是头上的红色十字发夹。和守护甜心小兰、美琪、小丝形象改造时，就变化为红心，黑桃，梅花。后来又有了第四颗蛋方块（正式名称不明，现有：阶砖，方块，戴雅三种名称）。 被人谈论为「酷毙火辣」， 是众人注目的焦点，但真正的她并不是这样，实际是因为不擅於表达而被人误解为个性冷酷。有时逞强和乖僻，但却被误认为是「有型」。其实她是个纤细而害羞的普通少女。由于母亲最喜爱是哥德式和庞克式的衣服也成为误解的主要原因。「酷」的造型走做一人的现状苦恼的被授予3个「守护甜心」，被各种各样的事情卷进。虽然以『不想穿王室披肩』的理由拒绝加入守护者，不过被守护者们强迫拉进守护者，担任守护者的JOKER。拿著守护者继承的「Humpty Lock」。亚梦第5个守护甜心，是亚梦真正的理想，上有十字架的图案。憧憬“王子殿下”边里唯世，貌似也有点喜欢的是几斗，但亚梦本人尚未察觉。耳朵是她的敏感部位。害怕幽灵等鬼怪。方块于第二季100话正式孵化，后因「Humpty Lock」和「Dumpty key]产生共鸣与其他三只甜心共同变身为Amulet Fortune（守护命运女神）。四个甜心与亚梦合力出击—Open Heart Full Volume! （心灵大门 全开）True Love（真实之爱） 生日是9月24日，血型是O型。
星名歌呗/月咏歌呗（ほしな うたう/つくよみ うたう）（Hoshina Utau/Tsukiyomi Utau） （CV：水树奈々） 初登场于第八话。14岁的中学生兼偶像的活跃少女，浅金双马尾。她的守护甜心是依琉和绘琉。与依琉变身/形象改造时会长出恶魔的翅膀，在唱歌是与依琉形象改造拥有将听众中充满理想的孩子的心灵之蛋取出并变坏的能力。与绘琉变身后则会长出天使的翅膀。 事实上是几斗的妹妹，本名为月咏歌呗。在动画第二十九话时在亚梦和空海的面前跟几斗接吻过，非常喜欢几斗，到了极端的程度。因为认为几斗很在乎亚梦所以认为亚梦是情敌。最后在方块的事件后与复活社脱离关系。后来变好了，与亚梦是好友。与绘琉变身能净化坏蛋。 生日是11月9日、血型是A型 唱过的歌有：《blue moon》 《迷宫バタフライ》（迷宫蝴蝶）《Black Diamond》 《Heartful Song》《茜色の空》《太阳が似合うよ》《勇気の歌》《ゆめのつぼみ(梦想的花蕾)》
---你的光辉好弱啊。听得到，你心灵的细语，无法变身，不甘心，很悲伤。不过，“无法变身的守护甜心是不需要的”，说这话的，是谁？(对依琉) ---我听见了，你的心声。你是迷路的孩子，即使能拯救朋友和坏蛋，真正的自己还一无所知，装作若无其事而变得暧昧不清，所以才显得那么黯淡无光。(对亚梦) ---歌呗的光芒没有瑕疵，钻石是没有瑕疵的，所以才会美丽而光彩夺目。强大的决心和觉悟使歌呗绽放光芒。你一直这 样下去能绽放光芒吗？(对亚梦) ---亚梦，光芒就藏在你自己的心里，可千万别忘记了哦！要牢记住，亚梦，不管是什么样的黑暗来袭，都不要熄灭自己的光芒，你内心中的光芒，闪闪发光的小碎片，它的名字是… ---每个人的心中都有光芒 ---无论遇到什么样的黑暗来袭，都不要熄灭你内心的光芒…… ---即使黑夜再漫长 星星无时无刻都在闪耀着 注视着星星的指引 闭上眼睛应该就能看见了 你那心灵的光辉 ---随风飘舞的蒲公英不知自己将何去何从 但不管它飘到何处 都能开出美丽的花朵 ---你内心无限的可能性 广阔的世界 一定有你不了解的自己存在 ---从天而降的 小小的白色雪花 整个冬天 将大地覆盖 春天到来的时候 化作河川 顺流入海 ---鸟儿并非一开始就是鸟 只有学会飞的那一刻起 鸟儿才成为了鸟 ---飘荡的云儿不清楚自己的姿态 乘风而起 姿态随之变化 昨天的自己和今天的不同 即使如此 云还是云 登场集数 ◆第27话 第四个守护蛋! ◆第42话 星那歌呗！最终的决战！ ◆第43话 变身！Amulet Dia!（回忆中出现） ◆第44话 内心的光芒! 守护甜心！心跳！ ◆第52话 眼前一片的闪耀！！ ◆第61话 传达给你！小闪的思绪！ ◆第73话 秘密！是感情和好的秘方？ ◆第88话 激突？迷之蛋大暴走！ ◆第100话 诞生!两个人的变身 ！ ◆第101话 被撕破的绘本！悲伤的秘密！ ◆第102话 梦想之蛋，理想中的自己！ 守护甜心！派对 ◆第103话 活力十足的转校生！ ◆第105话 心的闪耀！歌的力量！ ◆第108话 蛋的归宿 ◆第109话 欢迎回来！抚子！ ◆第110话 奇迹的形象改造！ ◆第111话 为什么？璃茉前辈？ ◆第112话 哎!唯世君喜欢的人! ◆第113话 闪闪发光的宝物! ◆第114话 精疲力尽~亚梦当妈妈了？ ◆第115话 理想中的我! ◆第116话 初次见面!这就是坏甜心! ◆第117话 不要吵架了! ◆第118话 前进吧立花!迈向守护者之路 ◆第119话 团团转！转动的世界! ◆第120话 心跳的野餐！ ◆第121话 歌呗 动摇的心！ ◆第122话 心跳！守护蛋上刻了叉？ ◆第123话 初次见面，我叫小萤 ◆第124话 和小光愉快地去游乐园！ ◆第125话 不好了！立花和坏蛋？ ◆第126话 请相信!我纯洁的心! ◆第127话 心跳不已的心跳！！！(第三季已完结)
Unit 1 学习文具：
pen (钢笔)、 pencil (铅笔) 、pencil-case ( 铅笔盒)、 ruler(尺子) 、eraser(橡皮)、 crayon (蜡笔)、 book (书) 、bag (书包) 、sharpener (卷笔刀) 、school (学校)
Unit 2 身体部位：
head (头) 、face( 脸)、 nose (鼻子)、 mouth (嘴)、 eye (眼睛)、leg (腿)、 ear (耳朵)、 arm (胳膊)、 finger (手指)、 leg (腿) 、foot (脚)、 body (身体)
Unit 3 颜色：
red (红色的) 、yellow (的)、 green (绿色的)、 blue (蓝色的) 、purple (紫色的) 、white (白色的) 、black (黑色的) 、orange (橙色的)、 pink (粉色的) 、brown (棕色的)
Unit 4 动物：
cat (猫) 、dog (狗) 、monkey (猴子)、 panda (熊猫)、 rabbit( 兔子)、 duck (鸭子)、 pig (猪) 、bird (鸟) 、bear (熊)、 elephant (大象)、 mouse (老鼠) 、squirrel (松鼠)
Unit 5 食物：
cake (蛋糕)、bread (面包)、 hot dog (热狗)、 hamburger (汉堡包) 、chicken (鸡肉)、 French fries (炸薯条)、coke (可乐)、juice (果汁)、milk (牛奶)、 water (水)、tea (茶)、 coffee (咖啡)
Unit 6 数字：
one (一) 、two (二) 、three (三)、 four (四)、 five (五)、six( 六)、seven (七)、 eight (八) 、nine( 九) 、ten( 十) 、 doll (玩具娃娃) 、boat (小船)、 ball (球)、 kite (风筝) 、balloon (气球)、 car (小汽车)、 plane (飞机)
如何帮助孩子轻松记单词？这些小技巧不得不用！
1、编一段话
就是自编一段话，把学过的单词放进去，这样，既记住了单词的读音，又可以在一段情景中感知到单词的意义，通过理解更有利于记忆，可谓一举两得。
2、画一幅画
孩子的注意力首先受事物外部特征所支配，往往对色彩鲜艳的事物发生兴趣，从而烙下较深刻的印象。因此，在英语学习中，为了加强记忆，可以把零碎的单词通过贴画、添画等形式，最后在一张色彩艳丽、形象逼真的图上表现出来。
3、唱一支歌
有些单词的发音是比较拗口的，特别是对于刚刚开始接触英语的孩子，由于不能朗朗上口，时间一长，极易遗忘。爱唱歌是孩子的天性，在歌曲中，由于音乐的烘托，单词的发音变得容易起来，于是，可以把难读的单词编入歌曲中，这样通过唱歌来记忆这些单词。
4、做一个游戏
有一位教育家说：“游戏可以给孩子们快乐、经验、学识、思想、健康。”游戏不仅能活跃气氛，调节孩子的学习情绪，更重要的是能培养孩子的英语学习兴趣，从而使孩子每天坚持听说读写的训练。久而久之，便形成一种良好的英语学习习惯。
5、形似记忆法
比如：pencil通常比pen长，所以pen后面长尾巴的就是pencil。
ruler中间有把小尺，rubber中间像圆圆的橡皮。
6、拼音记忆法
比如：four和five很容易混淆，four用拼音来记忆f+o--“佛”的谐音，就能分辨清楚。
sing----s+ing
face----f+a==〉face
7、词首记忆法
如：pen,pencil,paper/ruler,rubber/bag/book
Openyourbook和Closeyourbook。经常被混淆。
记住Open词首是O，很关键。
正确记忆单词的方法：
(1)首先学会拼读单词发音，学会拼读字母组合的发音等。
(2)每个单词在纸上写5-10遍(此步最重要)
(3)用眼、口、耳、脑进行综合记忆
(4)进行单词测试，检验学习成果，把不会的单词筛选出来，并进一步记忆。
(5)在遗忘临界点重复记忆学会的单词，克服遗忘。每天坚持早晚各学习英语15分种，完全可以把所学课文及单词背诵下来，使学习成绩大幅提高。有条件可让孩子多看一些英语动画片。有趣的课外书等都能使孩子在快乐中学习英语。
日奈森亚梦·小兰—Amulet Heart（守护之心/净恶之心）Spiral Heart（回旋之心）Spiral Heart Special（回旋之心特别版）Heart Speed（速度之心）Heart Rod (心之杖)
·美琪—Amulet Spade（守护黑桃/净恶画笔）Colorful Canvas（彩色画布）Colorful Canvas Special（彩色画布特别版) Prism Music(棱镜音乐)
·小丝—Amulet Clover（守护梅花/净恶梅花）Remake Honey（甜蜜再现）Sweet Applique（蜜糖嵌花）Remake Honey Special（甜蜜再现特别版）Honey bubbles（甜心泡泡）
·方块—Amulet Dia（守护方块/净恶方块）Starlight Navigation（星光航道）Shootingstar Shower(流星风暴)
·绘琉—Amulet Angel（守护天使/净恶天使）White Flag（纯白旗帜）White Flag Double Plan(双重纯白旗帜)Angel Wink（天使眨眼）爱的修复光线
·依琉—Amulet Devil（守护恶魔/净恶恶魔）Devil's Tune（恶魔之音）
·Humpty Lock & Dumpty Key—Amulet Fortune（守护命运/净恶命运）——漫画已出，动画未出
·小幽—Amulet dancer（守护舞者/净恶舞者）——未出
·阿夜—Amulet cat（守护黑猫/净恶黑猫）
边里唯世
·奇迹—Platinum Royal（白金圣皇）★White Decoration（雪白净饰）★Holy Crown（神圣王冠）★Holy Crown Special（神圣王冠特别版）
Platinum Royal&Amulet Heart 联合出击—★Platinum Heart (铂金之心)（80集出现）
月咏几斗
·阿夜—Black Lynx（黑色山猫）★Slash Crow (黑色q花手)
·（纯黑色蛋，直接与蛋变身）—Death Label（死亡标记）
·Humpty Lock & Dumpty Key—sevensea's treasure（七海珍宝）——漫画38话登场，动画未出
藤咲凪彦
·节奏：Beat Jumper(节拍跳跃者)★Beat Dunk(节拍扣篮)——漫画已出，动画未出
·手鞠：Yamato Maihime（大和舞姬）★与Clown Drop合体技Queen Walzer(皇后华尔兹)——漫画已出，动画未出
相马空海
·大地—Sky Jack（蓝天侍从）★Golden Victory（金牌胜利）★Golden Victory Shoot(黄金右脚必杀抽射)
月咏歌呗
·依琉—Lunatic Charm（月之魅）★Nightmare Lorelei（恶梦妖精）★Lilin Trident（恶魔三叉戟）
·方块—Dark Jewel（黑暗宝石）★Shining Black（暗之耀）★Glitter Particle（闪烁沙砾）
·绘琉－Seraphic Charm（纯洁之魅）★Angel Cradle（天使摇篮）
真城璃茉
·嘻嘻—Clown drop（小丑降临）★Juggling Party（杂耍之宴）★Tightrope Dancer（绳索舞者）
结木弥耶
·皮皮—Dear Baby（亲爱宝贝）★Merry Merry（超级欢乐）★Go Go 小鸭子
三条海里
·武藏—Samurai Soul（武士之魂）★Inazuma Blade (必杀技闪电剑)
合体变身
几斗和亚梦
·Humpty Lock & Dumpty Key—Amulet Fortune（守护命运/净恶命运）
·Humpty Lock & Dumpty Key—sevensea's treasure（七海珍宝）
上两则都是漫画已出，动画未出，前面也有介绍。caps
lock英文读法音译为:开普斯
洛克
caps
lock
是
capitals
lock的简写，为大小写锁定键，键盘一个键位，为大小写切换之用。但主要用于连续输入若干个大写字母。
Hello,I'm Miss White的英文音标是：英 [hə'ləʊ aɪm mɪs waɪt]。
“hello”的正确读音是：英 [hə'ləʊ] 美 [hə'loʊ]
int 喂；哈罗。
n 表示问候， 惊奇或唤起注意时的用语。
词汇搭配
1、golden hello 高额应聘金。
2、hello girl 女话务员。
3、hello screen 呼叫屏幕。
4、Hello Neighbor 你好邻居。
相关例句：
1、I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我！
2、She actually condescended to say hello to me in the street today
她今天在街上竟能屈尊跟我打招呼。
3、Hello, who's speaking, please
喂， 请问你是谁呀
4、The American walked to a telephone booth,"Hello Is that the bank
那个美国人走到公用电话间旁打电话:"喂,银行吗
相近词义单词
1、hallo[hə'ləu]
int 喂，哈罗（等于hello）
例句：
1、He called down to the boy again, 'Hallo, young man!
他又叫那个男孩停下，“喂，小孩！
2、At the police department, the phone rang “Hallo, hallo!” the policeman answered
警察局的电话响了，警察接起电话说：“喂！喂！”
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