tar cjvf C.tar.bz2 B # 默认是在当前文件夹下的
OK后会在/A文件夹下有个名为“C.tar.bz2”的tar压缩文件
tar tvf C.tar.bz2 # 列出里面的文件
会用了吧？ 呵呵 再把文档粘给你 比较长 别哭哦 学习之路还很远的
TAR(1)tar TAR(1)
NAME
tar - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
SYNOPSIS
tar <operation>[options]
Operations:
[-]A --catenate --concatenate
[-]c --create
[-]d --diff --compare
[-]r --append
[-]t --list
[-]u --update
[-]x --extract --get
--delete
Common Options:
-C, --directory DIR
-f, --file F
-j, --bzip2
-p, --preserve-permissions
-v, --verbose
-z, --gzip
All Options:
[ --atime-preserve ] [ -b, --blocking-factor N ] [ -B, --read-full-
records ] [ --backup BACKUP-TYPE ] [ --block-compress ] [ -C, --direc-
tory DIR ] [ --check-links ] [ --checkpoint ] [ -f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
] [ -F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F ] [ --force-local] [
--format FORMAT ] [ -g, --listed-incremental F ] [ -G, --incremental ]
[ --group GROUP ] [ -h, --dereference ] [ --help ] [ -i, --ignore-zeros
] [ --ignore-case ] [ --ignore-failed-read ] [ --index-file FILE ] [
-j, --bzip2 ] [ -k, --keep-old-files ] [ -K, --starting-file F ] [
--keep-newer-files ] [ -l, --one-file-system ] [ -L, --tape-length N ]
[ -m, --touch, --modification-time ] [ -M, --multi-volume ] [ --mode
PERMISSIONS ] [ -N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE ] [ --newer-mtime
DATE ] [ --no-anchored ] [ --no-ignore-case ] [ --no-recursion ] [
--no-same-permissions ] [ --no-wildcards ] [ --no-wildcards-match-slash
] [ --null ] [ --numeric-owner ] [ -o, --old-archive, --portabil-
ity, --no-same-owner ] [ -O, --to-stdout ] [ --occurrence NUM ] [
--overwrite ] [ --overwrite-dir ] [ --owner USER ] [ -p, --same-permis-
sions, --preserve-permissions ] [ -P, --absolute-names ] [ --pax-option
KEYWORD-LIST ] [ --posix ] [ --preserve ] [ --acls ] [ --selinux ] [
--xattrs ] [ --no-acls ] [ --no-selinux ] [ --no-xattrs ] [ -R,
--block-number ] [ --record-size SIZE ] [ --recursion ] [ --recursive-
unlink ] [ --remove-files ] [ --rmt-command CMD ] [ --rsh-command CMD ]
[ -s, --same-order, --preserve-order ] [ -S, --sparse ] [ --same-owner
] [ --show-defaults ] [ --show-omitted-dirs ] [ --strip-components NUM-
BER, --strip-path NUMBER (1) ] [ --suffix SUFFIX ] [ -T, --files-from F
] [ --totals ] [ -U, --unlink-first ] [ --use-compress-program PROG ]
[ --utc ] [ -v, --verbose ] [ -V, --label NAME ] [ --version ] [
--volno-file F ] [ -w, --interactive, --confirmation ] [ -W, --verify ]
[ --wildcards ] [ --wildcards-match-slash ] [ --exclude PATTERN ] [ -X,
--exclude-from FILE ] [ -Z, --compress, --uncompress ] [ -z, --gzip,
--gunzip, --ungzip ] [ -[0-7][lmh] ]
(1) tar-1.14 uses --strip-path, tar-1.14.90+ uses --strip-components
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of tar, an archiving program
designed to store and extract files from an archive file known as a
tarfile. A tarfile may be made on a tape drive, however, it is also
common to write a tarfile to a normal file. The first argument to tar
must be one of the options Acdrtux, followed by any optional functions.
The final arguments to tar are the names of the files or directories
which should be archived. The use of a directory name always implies
that the subdirectories below should be included in the archive.
EXAMPLES
tar -xvf foo.tar
verbosely extract foo.tar
tar -xzf foo.tar.gz
extract gzipped foo.tar.gz
tar -cjf foo.tar.bz2 bar/
create bzipped tar archive of the directory bar called
foo.tar.bz2
tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 -C bar/
extract bzipped foo.tar.bz2 after changing directory to bar
tar -xzf foo.tar.gz blah.txt
extract the file blah.txt from foo.tar.gz
FUNCTION LETTERS
One of the following options must be used:
-A, --catenate, --concatenate
append tar files to an archive
-c, --create
create a new archive
-d, --diff, --compare
find differences between archive and file system
-r, --append
append files to the end of an archive
-t, --list
list the contents of an archive
-u, --update
only append files that are newer than the existing in archive
-x, --extract, --get
extract files from an archive
--delete
delete from the archive (not for use on mag tapes!)
COMMON OPTIONS
-C, --directory DIR
change to directory DIR
-f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
use archive file or device F (default "-", meaning stdin/stdout)
-j, --bzip2
filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files
-p, --preserve-permissions
extract all protection information
-v, --verbose
verbosely list files processed
-z, --gzip, --ungzip
filter the archive through gzip
ALL OPTIONS
--atime-preserve
don't change access times on dumped files
-b, --blocking-factor N
block size of Nx512 bytes (default N=20)
-B, --read-full-blocks
reblock as we read (for reading 4.2BSD pipes)
--backup BACKUP-TYPE
backup files instead of deleting them using BACKUP-TYPE simple
or numbered
--block-compress
block the output of compression program for tapes
-C, --directory DIR
change to directory DIR
--check-links
warn if number of hard links to the file on the filesystem mis-
match the number of links recorded in the archive
--checkpoint
print directory names while reading the archive
-f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
use archive file or device F (default "-", meaning stdin/stdout)
-F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F
run script at end of each tape (implies --multi-volume)
--force-local
archive file is local even if has a colon
--format FORMAT
selects output archive format
v7 - Unix V7
oldgnu - GNU tar <=1.12
gnu - GNU tar 1.13
ustar - POSIX.1-1988
posix - POSIX.1-2001
-g, --listed-incremental F
create/list/extract new GNU-format incremental backup
-G, --incremental
create/list/extract old GNU-format incremental backup
-h, --dereference
don't dump symlinksdump the files they point to
--help like this manpage, but not as cool
-i, --ignore-zeros
ignore blocks of zeros in archive (normally mean EOF)
--ignore-case
ignore case when excluding files
--ignore-failed-read
don't exit with non-zero status on unreadable files
--index-file FILE
send verbose output to FILE instead of stdout
-j, --bzip2
filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files
-k, --keep-old-files
keep existing filesdon't overwrite them from archive
-K, --starting-file F
begin at file F in the archive
--keep-newer-files
do not overwrite files which are newer than the archive
-l, --one-file-system
stay in local file system when creating an archive
-L, --tape-length N
change tapes after writing N*1024 bytes
-m, --touch, --modification-time
don't extract file modified time
-M, --multi-volume
create/list/extract multi-volume archive
--mode PERMISSIONS
apply PERMISSIONS while adding files (see chmod(1))
-N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE
only store files newer than DATE
--newer-mtime DATE
like --newer, but with a DATE
--no-anchored
match any subsequenceof the name's components with --exclude
--no-ignore-case
use case-sensitive matching with --exclude
--no-recursion
don't recurse into directories
--no-same-permissions
apply user's umask when extracting files instead of recorded
permissions
--no-wildcards
don't use wildcards with --exclude
--no-wildcards-match-slash
wildcards do not match slashes (/) with --exclude
--null --files-from reads null-terminated names, disable --directory
--numeric-owner
always use numbers for user/group names
-o, --old-archive, --portability
like --format=v7 -o exhibits this behavior when creating an
archive (deprecated behavior)
-o, --no-same-owner
do not attempt to restore ownership when extracting-o exhibits
this behavior when extracting an archive
-O, --to-stdout
extract files to standard output
--occurrence NUM
process only NUM occurrences of each named fileused with
--delete, --diff, --extract, or --list
--overwrite
overwrite existing files and directory metadata when extracting
--overwrite-dir
overwrite directory metadata when extracting
--owner USER
change owner of extraced files to USER
-p, --same-permissions, --preserve-permissions
extract all protection information
-P, --absolute-names
don't strip leading '/'s from file names
--pax-option KEYWORD-LIST
used only with POSIX.1-2001 archives to modify the way tar han-
dles extended header keywords
--posix
like --format=posix
--preserve
like --preserve-permissions --same-order
--acls this option causes tar to store each file's ACLs in the archive.
--selinux
this option causes tar to store each file's SELinux security
context information in the archive.
--xattrs
this option causes tar to store each file's extended attributes
in the archive. This option also enables --acls and--selinux if
they haven't been set already, due to the fact that the data for
those are stored in special xattrs.
--no-acls
This option causes tar not to store each file's ACLs in the
archive and not to extract any ACL information in an archive.
--no-selinux
this option causes tar not to store each file's SELinux security
context information in the archive and not to extract any
SELinux information in an archive.
--no-xattrs
this option causes tar not to store each file's extended
attributes in the archive and not to extract any extended
attributes in an archive. This option also enables --no-acls and
--no-selinux if they haven't been set already.
-R, --record-number
show record number within archive with each message
--record-size SIZE
use SIZE bytes per record when accessing archives
--recursion
recurse into directories
--recursive-unlink
remove existing directories before extracting directories of the
same name
--remove-files
remove files after adding them to the archive
--rmt-command CMD
use CMD instead of the default /usr/sbin/rmt
--rsh-command CMD
use remote CMD instead of rsh(1)
-s, --same-order, --preserve-order
list of names to extract is sorted to match archive
-S, --sparse
handle sparse files efficiently
--same-owner
create extracted files with the same ownership
--show-defaults
display the default options used by tar
--show-omitted-dirs
print directories tar skips while operating on an archive
--strip-components NUMBER, --strip-path NUMBER
strip NUMBER of leading components from file names before
extraction
(1) tar-1.14 uses --strip-path, tar-1.14.90+ uses --strip-compo-
nents
--suffix SUFFIX
use SUFFIX instead of default '~' when backing up files
-T, --files-from F
get names to extract or create from file F
--totals
print total bytes written with --create
-U, --unlink-first
remove existing files before extracting files of the same name
--use-compress-program PROG
access the archive through PROG which is generally a compression
program
--utc display file modification dates in UTC
-v, --verbose
verbosely list files processed
-V, --label NAME
create archive with volume name NAME
--version
print tar program version number
--volno-file F
keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive its working
in FILEused with --multi-volume
-w, --interactive, --confirmation
ask for confirmation for every action
-W, --verify
attempt to verify the archive after writing it
--wildcards
use wildcards with --exclude
--wildcards-match-slash
wildcards match slashes (/) with --exclude
--exclude PATTERN
exclude files based upon PATTERN
-X, --exclude-from FILE
exclude files listed in FILE
-Z, --compress, --uncompress
filter the archive through compress
-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
filter the archive through gzip
--use-compress-program PROG
filter the archive through PROG (which must accept -d)
-[0-7][lmh]
specify drive and density
BUGS
The GNU folks, in general, abhor man pages, and create info documents
instead. The maintainer of tar falls into this category. Thus this
man page may not be complete, nor current, and was included in the Red
Hat CVS tree because man is a great tool :). This man page was first
taken from Debian Linux and has since been loving updated here.
REPORTING BUGS
Please report bugs via https://bugzilla.redhat.com
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If
the info and tar programs are properly installed at your site, the com-
mand
info tar
should give you access to the complete manual.
AUTHORS
Debian Linux http://www.debian.org/
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
GNUOct 2004 TAR(1)
在上网浏览了恶意网页后，经常会遇到注册表被禁用的事情。注册表被加锁，其主要原理就是修改注册表。在注册表HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVerssion\Policies\System分支下，新建DWORD值“Disableregistrytools”，并设键值为“1”。这样，当有人运行注册表编辑器时就会出现“注册编辑已被管理员所禁止”的对话框（如图1），这样就可以达到限制别人使用注册表编辑器的目的。给注册表解锁的方法有很多，编辑REG文件导入注册表是最常用的。本文要介绍的是与众不同的七招，在此与您分享。
用Word的宏来解锁
Word也可以给注册表解锁？没错！我们利用的是微软在Word中提供的“宏”，没想到吧？具体方法是：运行Word，然后编写如下面所示的这个“Unlock”宏，即可给注册表解锁：
Sub Unlock()
Dim RegPath As String
RegPath = “HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software
\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System”
System.PrivateProfileString(FileName:=“”,Section:=RegPath,Key:=“Disableregistrytools”)=“OK!”
End Sub
其实，这个方法一点都不神秘，只是利用了注册表的一个特性，即在同一注册表项下，不能有相同名字的字符串值和DWORD值，如果先前有一个DWORD值存在，则后建立的同名的字符串值会将其覆盖，这也就间接的删除了原值。在本例中就是DWORD值Disableregistrytools被同名的字符串值所覆盖删除。
修改Regedit.exe文件
修改Regedit.exe文件也可以给注册表解锁，前提条件是手头上要有十六进制文件编辑软件如UltraEdit或WinHex等。我们以UltraEdit为例，用Ultraedit打开注册表编辑器Regedit.exe。点击“搜索”菜单下的“查找”，在d出的对话框中的“查找ASCII字符”前面打上“√”，在“查找什么”栏中输入：Disableregistrytools（如图2），点击“确定”开始查找。会找到仅有的一处结果，改成别的字符就可以了。不过长度一定要一样（20个英文字母），这样就可以解除对注册表编辑器的禁用。
使注册表编辑器无法被禁用
给注册表编辑器Regedit.exe做个小手术，使之对注册表禁用功能具有“免疫力”，可以打造一个锁不住的注册表编辑器。这对防范恶意网页对注册表的禁用非常有好处。用十六进制文件编辑器Ultraedit打开Regedit.exe，查找74 1B 6A 10 A1 00，找到后，把74改为EB即可。现在，你就有了一个锁不住的注册表编辑器了。下次既使注册表被禁用也不用害怕了，只管运行之，保管恶意网页的修改无效。
用INF文件解锁
大家一定看到过在Windows中有一种后缀为INF的驱动安装文件，它实际上是一种脚本语言，通过解释执行。它包含了设备驱动程序的所有安装信息，其中也有涉及修改注册表的相关信息语句，所以我们也可以利用INF文件对注册表解锁。
INF文件是由各个小节(Section) 组成。小节的名字从中括号中起，且在此文件中必须是惟一的。小节的名字是它的入口点。后面是小节内容，形式上是“键名称=键值”。在文件中可以添加注释，由分号完成，分号后的内容不被解释执行。让我们开始行动，用记事本编辑如下内容的文件：
[Version]
Signature=“$CHICAGO$”
[DefaultInstall]
DelReg=del
[del]
HKCU,Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\
System,Disableregistrytools,
1,00,00,00,00
将上面的内容存为del.inf，使用时用右键点击它，在d出菜单中选择“安装”即可给注册表解锁（如图3）。
用JScript解锁
用记事本编辑如下内容的文件，保存为以.js为后缀名的任意文件，使用时双击就可以了。
VAR WSHShell=WSCRIPT.CREA-TOBJEt(“WSCRIPT.SHELL”)
WSHShell.Popup(“为你解锁注册表”)
WSHShell.RegWrite(“HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\
Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\
system\\DisableRegistryTools”, 0,“reg_dword”)
大家可以看出用JS对键值进行 *** 作时要用两斜杠“\\”，并且要用“”表示结束。一般只要能注意这两点，就没有问题了。
用VBScript解锁
用VBScript对注册表进行解锁？没错！很容易又很简单的一个方法，用记事本编辑如下内容：
DIM WSH
SET WSH=WSCRIPT.CreateObject(“WSCRIPT.SHELL”)
WSH.POPUP(“为你解锁注册表!”)
WSH.Regwrite“HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\
CurrentVersion\Policies\System\DisableRegistryTools”,0,“REG_DWORD”
WSH.POPUP(“注册表解锁成功!”)
将以上内容保存为以.vbs为扩展名的任意文件，使用时双击即可。
Linux最核心的是内核，在内核上添加各种不同的软件包和功能就形成了不同的发行版像RHEL/CentOS/Debian/solaris等等，其实他们使用的内核都是同一个的
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