Linux7.8下静默安装oracle11.2

一、使用脚本初始化环境

脚本如下：（标红处修改对应的配置需求）

#!/bin/bash

#1.配置主机名/etc/hosts 并关闭防火墙及selinux

echo ' 172.168.0.xx linux.tk ' >>/etc/hosts

#注意修改为服务器的ip和主机名

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

setenforce 0

#sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#2.安装相关软件包

yum -y install telnet vim lszrz gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel

elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat

unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel wget unzip

#3.配置内核参数

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

sysctl -p

#4.oracle用户资源限制

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 4096" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

#5.登录配置

echo "session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

#改授权

echo "if [ $USER = 'oracle' ]then" >>/etc/profile

echo "if [ $SHELL = '/bin/ksh' ]then" >>/etc/profile

echo "ulimit -p 16384" >>/etc/profile

echo "ulimit -n 65536" >>/etc/profile

echo "else" >>/etc/profile

echo "ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536" >>/etc/profile

echo "fi" >>/etc/profile

echo "fi" >>/etc/profile

source /etc/profile

#6.创建用户组和用户

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

echo 'oracle' | passwd --stdin oracle

#7.创建相关目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

#8.配置oracle用户环境变量

echo "ORACLE_SID=oraexport ORACLE_SID" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

#sid指定为现场的sid

echo "ORACLE_BASE= /u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_BASE" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_HOME" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sqlexport ORACLE_PATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORACLE_TERM=xtermexport ORACLE_TERM" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport TNS_ADMIN" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/dataexport ORA_NLS11" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export PATH " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export CLASSPATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "THREADS_FLAG=nativeexport THREADS_FLAG" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss' " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export nls_date_format " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export TEMP=/tmp " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export TMPDIR=/tmp " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "umask 022 " >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile

二、上传或者下载oracle安装包并解压，例如放置在/opt/目录下

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

直接在目录解压，会在当前目录中生成database目录

三、修改应答文件安装数据库软件

修改前建议先备份下

cp /opt/database/response/*.rsp /opt/database/rspbak

3.1、生成修改响应文件（/opt/database/response/db_install.rsp）

备注：清空源文件，复制粘贴如下内容（标红处需要修改对应的设置需求）：

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME= linux.tk

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION= /u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE= /u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:10.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

3.2、开始安装

1）、用oracle用户登录 *** 作

# su - oracle

$ cd /opt/database

$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

2）、在安装过程中可以新开会话，使用tailf 命令查看进度

# tailf /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-XX-XX_03-28-06PM.log

提示安装结束，需要在root用户执行两个脚本，如下：

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

四、修改应答文件安装数据库实例（/opt/database/response/dbca.rsp）

安装实例前，需要新建一个实例存放的目录（/home/OracleData/），如下：

# mkdir /home/OracleData

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/OracleData/

4.1、修改应答文件

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "ora"

SID = "ora"

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

SYSPASSWORD = "***012"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "***012"

DATAFILEDESTINATION = /home/OracleData/

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

TOTALMEMORY = "2048"

4.2、建实例,登录oracle用户

# su - oracle

$ dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp

此安装过程是有进度显示，不用tailf查看，不过也可以查看对应的log日志查看进度

4.3、删除实例

编辑应答文件

#vim /opt/database/response/del_dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "ora "

$ dbca -silent -responseFile del_dbca.rsp

五、启动监听，配置自启动等

5.1、启动监听

# su – oracle

$ lsnrctl start

查看状态 lsnrctl status

# netstat -tnulp | grep 1521

# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

5.2、设置自启动

修改vim /etc/oratab 如下

ora:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1: Y

5.3、修改dbstart文件

vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart

将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1

修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

5.4、将dbstart加入开机自启动，/etc/rc.d/rc.local中增加

su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart

赋权限 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

5.3、登录数据库设置权限等

sqlplus / as sysdba

startup

alter system register

create user ora identified by ***012

grant dba to ora

exit

六、远程连接数据库

6.1、开放1521端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd –reload

firewall-cmd --list-ports

Linux系统的DM管理工具如果出现闪退的情况，可以尝试重新安装该工具，或者重新启动系统，如果仍然无法解决问题，可以尝试更新系统内核，或者更换其他类似的DM管理工具，如Gnome Display Manager（GDM）等。

我今天刚刚成功安装了Linux系统，根据我的理解是这样的。unknown filesystem type是因为你没有给boot设置密码，虽然它提示不用设也可以，但是不设的后果就是出现unknown filesystem type的错误，我也遇到这个问题了，给boot设立密码就好了。DM snapshot cow can't mount root filesystem boot has failed是因为你没有设置挂载点，需要把你的ext3挂载到/根目录下。

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