在linux下所有设备都是文件。所以对摄像头的 *** 作其实就是对文件的 *** 作。USB摄像头的设备文件就是在/dev目录下的video0(假如只有一个摄像头)。在linux下 *** 作摄像头就是使用v4l2对摄像头进行视频的 *** 作, *** 作步骤如下
1. 打开设备文件。
int fd=open(”/dev/video0″,O_RDWR)
2. 取得设备的capability,看看设备具有什么功能,比如是否具有视频输入,或者音频输入输出等。VIDIOC_QUERYCAP,struct v4l2_capability
v4l2_std_id stddo {
ret= ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYSTD, &std)
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN)
switch (std) {
case V4L2_STD_NTSC:
//……
case V4L2_STD_PAL:
//……
}
3. 选择视频输入,一个视频设备可以有多个视频输入。VIDIOC_S_INPUT,struct v4l2_input(可不要)
4. 设置视频的制式和帧格式,制式包括PAL,NTSC,帧的格式个包括宽度和高度等。
VIDIOC_S_STD,VIDIOC_S_FMT,struct v4l2_std_id,struct v4l2_format
struct v4l2_format fmtmemset ( &fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt) )
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
fmt.fmt.pix.width = 320
fmt.fmt.pix.height = 240
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) < 0)
{
printf("set format failed\n")
//return 0
}
5. 向驱动申请帧缓冲,一般不超过5个。struct v4l2_requestbuffers
struct v4l2_requestbuffers reqmemset(&req, 0, sizeof (req))
req.count = 4
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP
if (ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_REQBUFS,&req) == -1)
{
perror("VIDIOC_REQBUFS error \n")
//return -1
}
6.申请物理内存
将申请到的帧缓冲映射到用户空间,这样就可以直接 *** 作采集到的帧了,而不必去复制。将申请到的帧缓冲全部入队列,以便存放采集到的数据.VIDIOC_QBUF,struct v4l2_buffer
VideoBuffer* buffers = calloc( req.count, sizeof(VideoBuffer) )printf("sizeof(VideoBuffer) is %d\n",sizeof(VideoBuffer))
struct v4l2_buffer buf
for (numBufs = 0 numBufs < req.count numBufs++)
{
memset( &buf, 0, sizeof(buf) )
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP
buf.index = numBufs
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) < 0)
{
printf("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF error\n")
//return -1
}
printf("buf len is %d\n",sizeof(buf))
//内存映射
buffers[numBufs].length = buf.length
buffers[numBufs].offset = (size_t) buf.m.offset
buffers[numBufs].start = mmap (NULL, buf.length,PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset)
printf("buffers.length = %d,buffers.offset = %d ,buffers.start[0] = %d\n",buffers[numBufs].length,buffers[numBufs].offset,buffers[numBufs].start[0])
printf("buf2 len is %d\n",sizeof(buffers[numBufs].start))
if (buffers[numBufs].start == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror("buffers error\n")
//return -1
}
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) < 0)
{
printf("VIDIOC_QBUF error\n")
//return -1
}
}
7. 开始视频的采集。
enum v4l2_buf_type typetype = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) < 0)
{
printf("VIDIOC_STREAMON error\n")
// return -1
}
8. 出队列以取得已采集数据的帧缓冲,取得原始采集数据。VIDIOC_DQBUF, 将缓冲重新入队列尾,这样可以循环采集。VIDIOC_QBUF
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) < 0){
perror("VIDIOC_DQBUF failed.\n")
//return -1
}
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP
unsigned char *ptcur = buffers[numBufs].start
DEBUG("buf.bytesused = %d \n",buf.bytesused)
int i1
for(i1=0 i1<buf.bytesused i1++)
{
if((buffers[numBufs].start[i1] == 0x000000FF) && (buffers[numBufs].start[i1+1] == 0x000000C4))
{
DEBUG("huffman table finded! \nbuf.bytesused = %d\nFFC4 = %d \n",buf.bytesused,i1)
break
}
}
if(i1 == buf.bytesused)printf("huffman table don't exist! \n")
int i
for(i=0 i<buf.bytesused i++)
{
if((buffers[numBufs].start[i] == 0x000000FF) && (buffers[numBufs].start[i+1] == 0x000000D8)) break
ptcur++
}
DEBUG("i=%d,FF=%02x,D8=%02x\n",i,buffers[numBufs].start[i],buffers[numBufs].start[i+1])
int imagesize =buf.bytesused - i
DEBUG("buf.bytesused = %d \n",buf.bytesused)
DEBUG ("imagesize = %d \n",imagesize)
9. 停止视频的采集。VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
10. 关闭视频设备。close(fd)
如果是一般的USB外接摄像头,你可以直接把它连接到电脑上,联网后,Linux会自己安装相应的驱动程序,启用摄像头的,不用自己另外 *** 作的。如果没有自动识别安装对应的USB外接摄像头驱动,那就需要自己去摄像头相应的厂商网站寻找专门的驱动程序了。楼主如果对Linux系统感兴趣,想学习更多Linux系统知识,可以百度《Linux就该这么学》,不错的一本Linux入门教程。欢迎分享,转载请注明来源:内存溢出
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