Linux配置ip地址的两种方法

Linux配置ip地址的两种方法，实验环境为centos7.6方法1：nmcli工具配置 （centos7以下版本不支持该方法）第一步，通过nmcli connection查看网卡名称[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICEeth0  09be0948-faf1-43b6-a5a4-c19efab0bb48 ethernet eth0第二步，配置ip，网关，dns，并设置网卡开机自动启动，最后开启网卡[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.addresses "192.168.1.201/24" 说明：配置地址和掩码 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.gateway "192.168.1.1" 说明：配置网关 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.dns "180.76.76.76" 说明：配置dns [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.method manual 说明：地址获取的方法为手动配置而不是dhcp [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 autoconnect yes 说明：开机自动打开网卡 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up eth0 说明：立即打开网卡 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)第三步，查看结果（这里使用ip addr命令查看，较新版本Linux系统支持该命令）[root@localhost ~]# ip addr1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:84:23:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.1.201/24  brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::b7ad:e2ed:832e:99a9/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever测试通信[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=34.7 ms 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=27.9 ms 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=24.1 ms 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=25.2 ms 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=5 ttl=53 time=24.2 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4005ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 24.177/27.277/34.718/3.970 ms 方法2：通过vi编辑网卡配置文件（最新版rhel8或centos8不推荐该方法，老版本rhel6及以下推荐该方法）第一步，通过vi或vim打开配置文件[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0第二步，编辑相关的参数TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=none DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=eth0 UUID=09be0948-faf1-43b6-a5a4-c19efab0bb48 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.1.202 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 DNS1=180.76.76.76 PEERDNS=no vi的编辑方法是，输入字母i，进行编辑，编辑完成后，按esc，再按:wq 保存退出。如果不保存，则是:q!退出第三步，重启网络服务[root@localhost ~]# service network restart Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]第四步，查看结果并测试通信（这里用ifconfig命令来查看，各种版本Linux均支持该命令）[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::b7ad:e2ed:832e:99a9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 00:0c:29:84:23:62 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1117 bytes 127303 (124.3 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 564 bytes 69559 (67.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=28.2 ms 64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=30.9 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 2 received, 33% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 28.228/29.590/30.953/1.373 ms [root@localhost ~]# 配置地址的两种方法就介绍到这里。 但是查看地址时，我们并没有看到网关和dns，那么网关和dns怎么看呢，用以下两条命令即可 [root@localhost ~]# route -n 通过查看路由表来知道网关 Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 通过查看rsolv.conf文件来查看dns # Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 180.76.76.76 更多网络技术公开课，腾讯课堂搜“ 众元教育 ”，戳 免费公开课 ，可直接听课哦！

修改网卡命令规则 (eth0、eth1、eth2……)

打开grub内核引导程序，在……quiet 后面添加：

让网卡命名规则生效

nmcli命令删除错误网卡命名

nmcli命令添加网卡命名

解析： nmcli connection 添加 类型 以太网设备 网卡设备名为eth0nmcli命令的命名为eth0

修改IP地址、子网掩码、网关地址、DNS

解析：nmcli connection 修改 网卡名 ipv4.方法 手工配置 ipv4.地址192.168.4.7/24 ipv4.网关 192.168.4.254 每次开机自动启用以上所有参数

查看网卡配置文件

查看网关地址信息

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