之前用python的多线程,总是处理不好进程和线程之间的关系。后来发现了join和setDaemon函数,才终于弄明白。下面总结一下。
1.使用join函数后,主进程会在调用join的地方等待子线程结束,然后才接着往下执行。
join使用实例如下:
import time import random import threading class worker(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): t = random.randint(1,10) time.sleep(t) print "This is " + self.getName() + ";I sleep %d second."%(t) tsk = [] for i in xrange(0,5): time.sleep(0.1) thread = worker() thread.start() tsk.append(thread) for tt in tsk: tt.join() print "This is the end of main thread."
运行结果如下:
# python testjoin.py This is Thread-3;I sleep 2 second. This is Thread-1;I sleep 4 second. This is Thread-2;I sleep 7 second. This is Thread-4;I sleep 7 second. This is Thread-5;I sleep 7 second. This is the end of main thread.
这里创建了5个子线程,每个线程随机等待1-10秒后打印退出;主线程分别等待5个子线程结束。最后结果是先显示各个子线程,再显示主进程的结果。
2. 如果使用的setDaemon函数,则与join相反,主进程结束的时候不会等待子线程。
setDaemon函数使用实例:
import time import random import threading class worker(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): t = random.randint(1,10) time.sleep(t) print "This is " + self.getName() + ";I sleep %d second."%(t) tsk = [] for i in xrange(0,5): time.sleep(0.1) thread = worker() thread.setDaemon(True) thread.start() tsk.append(thread) print "This is the end of main thread."
这里设置主进程为守护进程,当主进程结束的时候,子线程被中止
运行结果如下:
#python testsetDaemon.py
This is the end of main thread.
3、如果没有使用join和setDaemon函数,则主进程在创建子线程后,直接运行后面的代码,主程序一直挂起,直到子线程结束才能结束。
import time import random import threading class worker(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): t = random.randint(1,10) time.sleep(t) print "This is " + self.getName() + ";I sleep %d second."%(t) tsk = [] for i in xrange(0,5): time.sleep(0.1) thread = worker() thread.start() tsk.append(thread) print "This is the end of main thread."
运行结果如下:
# python testthread.py This is the end of main thread. This is Thread-4;I sleep 1 second. This is Thread-3;I sleep 7 second. This is Thread-5;I sleep 7 second. This is Thread-1;I sleep 10 second. This is Thread-2;I sleep 10 second.
补充知识:Python Thread和Process对比
原因:进程和线程的差距(方向不同,之针对这个实例)
# coding=utf-8 import logging import multiprocessing import os import time from threading import Thread logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s 【 %(process)d 】 %(processName)s %(message)s" ) def func (i): # logging.info(f'子:{os.getpid()},t{i}') return f'子:{os.getpid()},t{i}' def main (ctx): start01 = time.time() ts = [Thread(target=func, args=(i,)) for i in range(100)] [t.start() for t in ts] [t.join() for t in ts] end01 = time.time() - start01 logging.info(f"线程花费的时间:{end01}秒") start02 = time.time() ps = [ctx.Process(target=func, args=(i,)) for i in range(100)] [p.start() for p in ps] [p.join() for p in ps] end02 = time.time() - start02 logging.info(f"进程花费的时间:{end02}秒") if __name__ == '__main__': # windows 启动方式 multiprocessing.set_start_method('spawn') # 获取上下文 ctx = multiprocessing.get_context('spawn') # 检查这是否是冻结的可执行文件中的伪分支进程。 ctx.freeze_support() main(ctx)
输出:
2019-10-06 14:17:22,729 【 7412 】 MainProcess 线程花费的时间:0.012967586517333984秒
2019-10-06 14:17:25,671 【 7412 】 MainProcess 进程花费的时间:2.9418249130249023秒
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