在Java 1.7或更高版本中,执行此 *** 作的标准方法如下:
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;// nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,// so add 1 to make it inclusiveint randomNum = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(min, max + 1);
请参阅相关的JavaDoc。这种方法的优点是不需要显式初始化java.util.Random实例,如果使用不当,可能会引起混乱和错误。
但是,相反,没有办法明确设置种子,因此在有用的情况下(例如测试或保存游戏状态或类似情况),很难重现结果。在这种情况下,可以使用下面显示的Java 1.7之前的技术。
在Java 1.7之前,执行此 *** 作的标准方法如下:
import java.util.Random;public static int randInt(int min, int max) { // NOTE: This will (intentionally) not run as written so that folks // copy-pasting have to think about how to initialize their // Random instance. Initialization of the Random instance is outside // the main scope of the question, but some decent options are to have // a field that is initialized once and then re-used as needed or to // use ThreadLocalRandom (if using at least Java 1.7). // // In particular, do NOT do 'Random rand = new Random()' here or you // will get not very good / not very random results. Random rand; // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value, // so add 1 to make it inclusive int randomNum = rand.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min; return randomNum;}
请参阅相关的JavaDoc。实际上,java.util.Random类通常比[java.lang.Math.random()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/Math.html#random()更可取。
特别是,当标准库中有简单的API完成任务时,就无需重新发明随机整数生成轮。
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