docker version #显示docker版本信息 docker info #显示docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器 docker --help #帮助1.2 镜像命令
docker images
[root@localhost zyf]# docker images #列出本地主机上的镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql 5.7 938b57d64674 2 weeks ago 448MB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 weeks ago 13.3kB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 6 weeks ago 231MB #解释 REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源 TAG 镜像的标签 IMAGE ID 镜像的ID CREATED 镜像创建时间 SIZE 镜像大小 # 同一个仓库源可以有多个 TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同版本，我们使用REPOSITORY：TAG 定义不同 的镜像，如果你不定义镜像的标签版本，docker将默认使用 lastest 镜像！ # 可选项 -a： 列出本地所有镜像 -q： 只显示镜像id --digests： 显示镜像的摘要信息
docker search
# 搜索镜像 [root@localhost zyf]# docker search mysql NAME DEscriptION STARS OFFICIAL mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9484 [OK] # docker search 某个镜像的名称 对应DockerHub仓库中的镜像 # 可选项 docker search --filter=stars=50 mysql #列出收藏数不小于50的mysql镜像
docker pull
# 下载镜像 [root@localhost zyf]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql b380bbd43752: Already exists f23cbf2ecc5d: Already exists 30cfc6c29c0a: Already exists b38609286cbe: Already exists 8211d9e66cd6: Already exists 2313f9eeca4a: Already exists 7eb487d00da0: Already exists 4d7421c8152e: Pull complete 77f3d8811a28: Pull complete cce755338cba: Pull complete 69b753046b9f: Pull complete b2e64b0ab53c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:6d7d4524463fe6e2b893ffc2b89543c81dec7ef82fb2020a1b27606666464d87 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest 签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实位置 # 指定版本下载 [root@localhost zyf]# docker pull mysql:5.7 ....
docker rmi
# 删除镜像 docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除单个 docker rmi -f 镜像名:tag 镜像名:tag # 删除多个 docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) # 删除全部1.3 容器命令
说明：有镜像才能创建容器，我们这里使用 centos 的镜像来测试，就是虚拟一个 centos ！
新建容器并启动
#命令 docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND][ARG...] # 常用参数说明 --name="Name" # 给容器指定一个名字 -d # 后台方式运行容器，并返回容器的id！ -i # 以交互模式运行容器，通过和 -t 一起使用 -t # 给容器重新分配一个终端，通常和 -i 一起使用 -P # 随机端口映射（大写） -p # 指定端口映射（小结），一般可以有四种写法 ip:hostPort:containerPort ip::containerPort hostPort:containerPort (常用) containerPort #测试 [root@localhost zyf]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql 5.7 938b57d64674 2 weeks ago 448MB mysql latest ecac195d15af 2 weeks ago 516MB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 weeks ago 13.3kB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 6 weeks ago 231MB [root@localhost zyf]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@de779e4c2531 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@de779e4c2531 /]# exit exit
列出所有运行的容器
# 命令 docker ps [OPTIONS] # 常用参数说明 -a # 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器 -l # 显示最近创建的容器 -n=? # 显示最近n个创建的容器 -q # 静默模式，只显示容器编号。
退出容器
exit # 容器停止退出 ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出
启动停止容器
docker start (容器id or 容器名) # 启动容器 docker restart (容器id or 容器名) # 重启容器 docker stop (容器id or 容器名) # 停止容器 docker kill (容器id or 容器名) # 强制停止容器
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器 docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) # 删除所有容器 docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器1.4 常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 容器名 # 例子 docker run -d centos # 启动centos，使用后台方式启动 # 问题： 使用docker ps 查看，发现容器已经退出了！ # 解释：Docker容器后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程，容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命 令，就会自动退出。 # 比如，你运行了nginx服务，但是docker前台没有运行应用，这种情况下，容器启动后，会立即自 杀，因为他觉得没有程序了，所以最好的情况是，将你的应用使用前台进程的方式运行启动。
查看日志
# 命令 docker logs -f -t --tail 容器id
查看容器中运行的进程信息，支持 ps 命令参数。
# 命令 docker top 容器id #测试 [root@localhost zyf]# docker top d4a094a7bff3 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 3827 3809 0 09:27 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
查看容器/镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost zyf]# docker inspect d4a094a7bff3
[
{
"Id": "d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1",
"Created": "2021-11-02T01:27:44.862468503Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3827,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-11-02T01:27:45.306178333Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1-json.log",
"Name": "/awesome_goldberg",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/81c241c44b63080afc4a4724c53b96fc78f94955a616f6a04512cafb4acc74ed/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d4a094a7bff3",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "6d64a7b27ae0971f37a57c4c469988374e5504fde3b812a8c439e793420a3c43",
"HairpinMode": false,
"linkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"linkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/6d64a7b27ae0",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "7d9476b5524fc79aa470ec203a3238528b0b4f6d1464ebbf4a12a695f484e60b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "4abbe1b9075b0ded58b1419e69ad0fb40c5711bd85ea8e0e7b3207e359029ac7",
"EndpointID": "7d9476b5524fc79aa470ec203a3238528b0b4f6d1464ebbf4a12a695f484e60b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入正在运行的容器
# 命令1 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell #测试1 [root@localhost zyf]# docker ps ConTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d4a094a7bff3 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes awesome_goldberg [root@localhost zyf]# docker exec -it d4a094a7bff3 /bin/bash [root@d4a094a7bff3 /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 01:27 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 15 0 0 01:34 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 29 15 0 01:34 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef [root@d4a094a7bff3 /]# # 命令2 docker attach 容器id [root@localhost zyf]# docker exec -it d4a094a7bff3 /bin/bash [root@d4a094a7bff3 /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 01:27 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 15 0 0 01:34 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 31 0 0 01:36 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 45 31 0 01:36 pts/2 00:00:00 ps -ef [root@d4a094a7bff3 /]# # 区别 # exec 是在容器中打开新的终端，并且可以启动新的进程 # attach 直接进入容器启动命令的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径 # 测试 # 容器内执行，创建一个文件测试 [root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# cd /home [root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# touch f1 [root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# ls f1 [root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# exit exit # linux复制查看，是否复制成功 [root@localhost zyf]# docker cp c8530dbbe3b4:/home/f1 /home [root@localhost zyf]# cd /home [root@localhost zyf home]# ls f1
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