(Scrapy框架)爬虫获取豆瓣正在热映的电影信息，xpath属性爬取 | 爬虫案例

(Scrapy框架)爬虫获取豆瓣正在热映的电影信息，xpath属性爬取 | 爬虫案例

目录

前言

页面分析

实现过程

创建项目

Item定义

中间件 *** 作定义

爬虫定义

数据管道定义

配置设置

执行验证

总结 

---

前言

我喜欢看电影，可以说大部分热门的电影我都看过。处理爱好的目的，我看了看豆瓣热映的电影列表。于是我写了这个爬虫把豆瓣热映的电影都爬了下来。对页面的处理主要是需要点击显示全部电影，然后爬取影片属性，最后输出文本。采用的还是scrapy框架。顺便聊聊我的实现过程吧。

声明一下：本文主要是研究使用，没有别的用途。

GitHub仓库地址：github项目仓库

页面分析

主要爬取页面为:https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/nanjing/

至于后面的地区，可以按照自己的需要改一下，不过多赘述了。页面需要点击一下展开全部影片，才能显示全部内容，不然只有15部。所以我们使用selenium的时候，需要加一个打开页面后的点击逻辑。页面图如下：

通过F12展开的源码，用xpath helper工具验证一下右键复制下来的xpath路径。

为了避免布局调整导致找不到，我把xpath改为通过class名获取。

然后看看每个影片的信息。

分析一下，是不是可以通过nowplaying的div，作为根节点，然后获取下面class为list-item的节点，里面的属性就是我们要的内容。

没什么问题，那么就按照这个思路开始创建项目编码吧。

实现过程 创建项目

创建一个较douban_playing的项目，使用scrapy命令。

scrapy startproject douban_playing

Item定义

定义电影信息实体。

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class DoubanPlayingItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    # 电影名
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 电影分数
    score = scrapy.Field()
    # 电影发行年份
    release = scrapy.Field()
    # 电影时长
    duration = scrapy.Field()
    # 地区
    region = scrapy.Field()
    # 电影导演
    director = scrapy.Field()
    # 电影主演
    actors = scrapy.Field()

中间件 *** 作定义

主要是点击展开全部影片，需要加一段代码。

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
import time

from scrapy import signals

# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException


class DoubanPlayingSpiderMiddleware:
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)


class DoubanPlayingDownloaderMiddleware:
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        # return None
        try:
            spider.browser.get(request.url)
            spider.browser.maximize_window()
            time.sleep(2)
            spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath("/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'en',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36'
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'douban_playing.middlewares.DoubanPlayingSpiderMiddleware': 543,
}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'douban_playing.middlewares.DoubanPlayingDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'douban_playing.pipelines.DoubanPlayingPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_ConCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

执行验证

还是老样子，不直接使用scrapy命令，构造一个py执行cmd。注意该py的位置。

看一下执行后的结果。

完美！！！

总结 

最近都在写一些爬虫的案例，也是边学习边摸索，把一些实现过程记录一下，也分享一下，等过段时间还可以回忆回忆。

分享：

        情之一字，不知所起，不知所栖，不知所结，不知所解，不知所踪，不知所终。  ——《雪中悍刀行》

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