在上篇文章中，我们讨论了 refresh 的前四个方法，主要是对 ApplicationContext 上下文启动做一些准备工作。接下来对 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors 方法进行讨论，但该方法涉及 Spring 中一个非常重要的概念： BeanDefinition，所以，这里先对 BeanDefinition 进行讨论，这样也有利于完善 Spring 的知识体系。
首先看一下Spring一个大概的流程处理过程。
读取XML－> 解析XML封装成DOC对象 －> DOC对象转换成Spring beanDefinition对象 －> 转换成metaData对象 －> 获取metaData对象开始创建bean
Spring容器启动的过程中，会将Bean定义信息解析成Spring内部的BeanDefinition结构。
Bean信息定义4种方式
1.API方式
2.XML文件方式
3.注解方式
类上标注@Compontent注解来定义一个bean
配置类中使用@Bean注解来定义bean
4.properties文件的方式
不管是是通过xml配置文件的标签，还是通过注解配置的@Bean，还是@Compontent标注的类，还是扫描得到的类，它最终都会被解析成一个BeanDefinition对象，最后我们的Bean工厂就会根据这份Bean的定义信息，对bean进行实例化、初始化等等 *** 作。
你可以把BeanDefinition丢给Bean工厂，然后Bean工厂就会根据这个信息帮你生产一个Bean实例。
BeanDefinition 是一个接口，它有多个实现类，这些实现类分别描述不同类型的 Bean,一个 BeanDefinition 描述了一个 Bean 实例，实例包含属性值、构造方法参数值以及更多实现信息。下面以XML文件配置方式从源码上跟一下BeanDefinition的注册过程。
1. 首先在ClassPathXmlApplicationContext设置了xml文件的位置，然后调用AbstractApplicationContext的refresh()方法。
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)
throws BeansException {
super(parent);
//创建解析器，解析configLocations
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if (refresh) {
// 核心方法
refresh();
}
}
2.AbstractApplicationContext里obtainFreshBeanFactory()方法解析xml标签封装成BeanDefinition对象。
// AbstractApplicationContext.java
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
//为容器初始化做准备
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
......
}
}
// AbstractApplicationContext.java
@Override
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
......
try {
//创建DefaultListableBeanFactory
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
//设置是否可以循环依赖 allowCircularReferences
//是否允许使用相同名称重新注册不同的bean实现.
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
//解析xml，并把xml中的标签封装成BeanDefinition对象
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
}
......
}
// AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java
@Override
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {
//创建xml的解析器，这里是一个委托模式
XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
// Configure the bean definition reader with this context's
// resource loading environment.
beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());
//这里传一个this进去，因为ApplicationContext是实现了ResourceLoader接口的
beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);
beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));
// Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
// then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);
//主要看这个方法
loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
}
// AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws BeansException, IOException {
Resource[] configResources = getConfigResources();
if (configResources != null) {
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configResources);
}
//获取需要加载的xml配置文件
String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
if (configLocations != null) {
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);
}
}
// AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java
@Override
public int loadBeanDefinitions(String... locations) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.notNull(locations, "Location array must not be null");
int count = 0;
//配置文件有多个，加载多个配置文件
for (String location : locations) {
count += loadBeanDefinitions(location);
}
return count;
}
// AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java public int loadBeanDefinitions(String location, @Nullable SetactualResources) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { ResourceLoader resourceLoader = getResourceLoader(); if (resourceLoader == null) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Cannot load bean definitions from location [" + location + "]: no ResourceLoader available"); } if (resourceLoader instanceof ResourcePatternResolver) { // Resource pattern matching available. try { //把字符串类型的xml文件路径，形如：classpath*:user*-context.xml,转换成Resource对象类型，其实就是用流 //的方式加载配置文件，然后封装成Resource对象，不重要，可以不看 Resource[] resources = ((ResourcePatternResolver) resourceLoader).getResources(location); //主要看这个方法 int count = loadBeanDefinitions(resources); if (actualResources != null) { Collections.addAll(actualResources, resources); } if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Loaded " + count + " bean definitions from location pattern [" + location + "]"); } return count; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Could not resolve bean definition resource pattern [" + location + "]", ex); } } else { // Can only load single resources by absolute URL. Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource(location); int count = loadBeanDefinitions(resource); if (actualResources != null) { actualResources.add(resource); } if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Loaded " + count + " bean definitions from location [" + location + "]"); } return count; } }
public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource);
}
Set currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
if (currentResources == null) {
currentResources = new HashSet<>(4);
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
}
if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
}
try {
//获取Resource对象中的xml文件流对象
InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
try {
//InputSource是jdk中的sax xml文件解析对象
InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
}
//主要看这个方法
return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
}
finally {
inputStream.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
}
finally {
currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
}
}
}
// 开始将XML解析封装为document对象
protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
try {
//把inputSource 封装成document文件对象，这是jdk的API
document doc = doLoaddocument(inputSource, resource);
//主要看这个方法，根据解析出来的document对象，拿到里面的标签元素封装成BeanDefinition
int count = registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Loaded " + count + " bean definitions from " + resource);
}
return count;
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (SAXParseException ex) {
throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Line " + ex.getLineNumber() + " in XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
}
catch (SAXException ex) {
throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
}
catch (ParserConfigurationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Parser configuration exception parsing XML from " + resource, ex);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"IOException parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Unexpected exception parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
}
}
public int registerBeanDefinitions(document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
//又来一记委托模式，BeanDefinitiondocumentReader委托这个类进行document的解析
BeanDefinitiondocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitiondocumentReader();
int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
//主要看这个方法，createReaderContext(resource) XmlReaderContext上下文，封装了XmlBeanDefinitionReader对象
documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
}
// DefaultBeanDefinitiondocumentReader.java
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
this.readerContext = readerContext;
//主要看这个方法，把root节点传进去
doRegisterBeanDefinitions(doc.getdocumentElement());
}
// 解析完开始准备注册传入root
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);
if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
// We cannot use Profiles.of(...) since profile expressions are not supported
// in XML config. See SPR-12458 for details.
if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Skipped XML bean definition file due to specified profiles [" + profileSpec +
"] not matching: " + getReaderContext().getResource());
}
return;
}
}
}
preProcessXml(root);
//主要看这个方法，标签具体解析过程
parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
postProcessXml(root);
this.delegate = parent;
}
// 解析标签
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nl.item(i);
if (node instanceof Element) {
Element ele = (Element) node;
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
//默认标签解析
parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
}
else {
//自定义标签解析
delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
}
}
}
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
}
}
private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
//import标签解析 重要程度 1 ，可看可不看
if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, import_ELEMENT)) {
importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
}
//alias标签解析 别名标签 重要程度 1 ，可看可不看
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
processAliasRegistration(ele);
}
//bean标签，重要程度 5，必须看
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
}
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) {
// recurse
doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele);
}
}
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
//重点看这个方法，重要程度 5 ，解析document，封装成BeanDefinition
BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
if (bdHolder != null) {
//该方法功能不重要，设计模式重点看一下，装饰者设计模式，加上SPI设计思想
bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
try {
//完成document到BeanDefinition对象转换后，对BeanDefinition对象进行缓存注册
// Register the final decorated instance.
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
}
// Send registration event.
getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
}
}
3.BeanDefinition 是对 Bean 的定义，其保存了 Bean 的各种信息，如属性、构造方法参数、是否单例、是否延迟加载等。这里的注册 Bean 是指将 Bean 定义成 BeanDefinition，之后放入 Spring 容器中，我们常说的容器其实就是 Beanfactory 中的一个 Map，key 是 Bean 的名称，value 是 Bean 对应的 BeanDefinition，这个注册 Bean 的方法由 BeanFactory 子类实现。
public static void registerBeanDefinition(
BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
// Register bean definition under primary name.
String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();
//完成BeanDefinition的注册，重点看，重要程度 5
registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());
//建立别名和 id的映射，这样就可以根据别名获取到id
// Register aliases for bean name, if any.
String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();
if (aliases != null) {
for (String alias : aliases) {
registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);
}
}
}
4.执行完 registerBeanDefinition 方法后，Bean 的名称和对应的 BeanDefinition 就被放入了容器中，后续获取 Bean 也是从这个容器中获取。
// BD注册最后的调用
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty");
Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null");
if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
try {
((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
}
}
//先判断BeanDefinition是否已经注册
BeanDefinition existingDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
if (existingDefinition != null) {
if (!isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding()) {
throw new BeanDefinitionOverrideException(beanName, beanDefinition, existingDefinition);
}
else if (existingDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) {
// e.g. was ROLE_APPLICATION, now overriding with ROLE_SUPPORT or ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with a framework-generated bean definition: replacing [" +
existingDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
else if (!beanDefinition.equals(existingDefinition)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with a different definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition +
"] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with an equivalent definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition +
"] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
}
else {
if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) {
// Cannot modify startup-time collection elements anymore (for stable iteration)
synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
List updatedDefinitions = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames.size() + 1);
updatedDefinitions.addAll(this.beanDefinitionNames);
updatedDefinitions.add(beanName);
this.beanDefinitionNames = updatedDefinitions;
if (this.manualSingletonNames.contains(beanName)) {
Set updatedSingletons = new linkedHashSet<>(this.manualSingletonNames);
updatedSingletons.remove(beanName);
this.manualSingletonNames = updatedSingletons;
}
}
}
else {
//把beanDefinition缓存到map中
// Still in startup registration phase
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
//把beanName放到beanDefinitionNames list中，这个list着重记住，bean实例化的时候需要用到
this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
this.manualSingletonNames.remove(beanName);
}
this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
}
if (existingDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) {
resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
}
最后，我们来做个总结。BeanDefinition 主要是用来描述 Bean，其存储了 Bean 的相关信息，Spring 实例化 Bean 时需读取该 Bean 对应的 BeanDefinition。BeanDefinition 整体可以分为两类，一类是描述通用的 Bean，还有一类是描述注解形式的 Bean。一般前者在 XML 时期定义
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