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从大佬up老王那得知，dockfile制作python镜像无需像java程序一样要先打包成jar包或war包，直接基于含python环境的基础镜像制作即可
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dockerfile指令：RUN/CMD/ENTRYPOINT的区别
RUN主要用于在容器中安装软件， *** 作文件和文件夹等等； CMD/ENTRYPOINT主要用于启动容器。 CMD命令有两个特点： 1. 多条CMD命令只会执行最后一条； 2. 当运行容器时，指令的最后指定相关参数，则原来应执行的CMD命令将会被覆盖掉而不执行。 ENTRYPOINT命令： 3. 多条指令也只会执行最后一条； 4. 运行容器时指令的最后指定相关参数，则ENTRYPOINT命令不会被覆盖掉仍然会执行。 因此，这两条命令在使用范围上也有所不同： 5. 由于CMD命令可以被`docker run`命令指定参数进行覆盖执行，因此可以用来设置默认启动命令。 6. ENTRYPOINT命令一定会执行，因此常常用来启动应用程序或服务，最好不要使用CMD命令。
root@master:/home/hqc# cd docker_learning/ # 创建一个专门用来学习测试docker相关的文件夹 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning# mkdir my-hello-world root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning# ls my-hello-world # 创建测试这个项目的文件夹 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning# cd my-hello-world/ root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/my-hello-world# touch helloworld.py root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/my-hello-world# ls helloworld.py root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/my-hello-world# vim helloworld.py #!/usr/bin/python # -*-coding: utf-8 -*- import os print("this is my hello-world") # 进入项目文件夹并创建一个helloworld的python程序 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/my-hello-world# vim Dockerfile FROM python # 基于python这个基础镜像构建 MAINTAINER [email protected] # 创作者联系方式 RUN mkdir /hqc-hello-world # 在这个容器中创建一个项目文件夹 ADD helloworld.py /hqc-hello-world/ # 将本机中的py文件拷贝到容器中的项目文件夹中 ENTRYPOINT ["python","/hqc-hello-world/helloworld.py"] # 可能是基于python环境运行这个文件夹中的py程序，具体还不是很明白 # 编写dockerfile文件 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/my-hello-world# docker build -t hqc-helloworld:v1.1 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB Step 1/5 : FROM python latest: Pulling from library/python 647acf3d48c2: Pull complete b02967ef0034: Pull complete e1ad2231829e: Pull complete 5576ce26bf1d: Pull complete a66b7f31b095: Pull complete 05189b5b2762: Pull complete af08e8fda0d6: Pull complete 287d56f7527b: Pull complete dc0580965fb6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f44726de10d15558e465238b02966a8f83971fd85a4c4b95c263704e6a6012e9 Status: Downloaded newer image for python:latest # step1由于本地不存在python基础镜像，因此需要现场拉取 ---> f48ea80eae5a Step 2/5 : MAINTAINER [email protected] ---> Running in c2325b39f55b Removing intermediate container c2325b39f55b ---> d2e44f980492 Step 3/5 : RUN mkdir /hqc-hello-world ---> Running in 4a3b033a423e Removing intermediate container 4a3b033a423e ---> e60f9bdb29de Step 4/5 : ADD helloworld.py /hqc-hello-world/ ---> 48ffee2e027c Step 5/5 : ENTRYPOINT ["python","/hqc-hello-world/helloworld.py"] ---> Running in e5437e4c6ec2 Removing intermediate container e5437e4c6ec2 ---> fc123e34b960 Successfully built fc123e34b960 Successfully tagged hqc-helloworld:v1.1 # dockerfile构建该镜像 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/my-hello-world# docker run hqc-helloworld:v1.1 this is my hello-world # 运行成功！2 需要其他依赖的python程序镜像制作
root@master:/home/hqc# cd docker_learning/
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning# mkdir flask-hello-world
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning# cd flask-hello-world/
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# touch flask-hello-world.py
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# vim flask-hello-world.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'hello world'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True,host='0.0.0.0')
# 创建专用文件夹并在其中创建python程序
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# pip install flask
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.11.3 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-1.0.1 click-7.1.2 flask-1.1.4 itsdangerous-1.1.0
# 安装flask
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# python flask-hello-world.py
* Serving Flask app "flask-hello-world" (lazy loading)
* Environment: production
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
Use a production WSGI server instead.
* Debug mode: on
* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
* Restarting with stat
* Debugger is active!
* Debugger PIN: 182-111-029
127.0.0.1 - - [29/Nov/2021 19:54:52] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [29/Nov/2021 19:54:52] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
# 运行python程序，成功！访问网址为：http://127.0.0.1:5000/
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# vim Dockerfile
FROM python
# LABEL "[email protected]"
RUN pip install flask # 事先已经安装过了，所以很快
COPY flask-hello-world.py /flask-hello-world/ # 将本机中的py文件拷贝到容器的/flask-hello-world/下
WORKDIR /flask-hello-world # 切换工作目录为容器中的/flask-hello-world下
# 暴露端口，否则只有本地可访问
EXPOSE 5000
CMD ["python", "flask-hello-world.py"] # 执行程序
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker build -t flask-hello-world:v1.0 .
# 构建镜像1.0版本
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 2 minutes ago 928MB
# 查看镜像，存在
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker run flask-hello-world:v1.0
* Serving Flask app 'flask-hello-world' (lazy loading)
* Environment: production
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
Use a production WSGI server instead.
* Debug mode: on
* Running on all addresses.
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
* Running on http://172.17.0.2:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
* Restarting with stat
* Debugger is active!
* Debugger PIN: 127-875-497
172.17.0.1 - - [29/Nov/2021 12:12:18] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
172.17.0.1 - - [29/Nov/2021 12:12:18] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
# 运行该docker镜像。由输出信息可知，访问地址为http://172.17.0.2:5000/
运行成功！
访问dockerhub
第一步：登录dockerhubroot@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker login -u error12 Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded # 登录成功！其中error12为我的dockerhub账户ID第二步：给镜像新打一个标签
不然将会push失败
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker push flask-hello-world:v1.0 The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/flask-hello-world] d22d05d670e3: Preparing 8e0da839bae9: Preparing 42ce61e841fa: Preparing a9b125f164c3: Preparing e24045f8c247: Preparing b7b662b31e70: Waiting 6f5234c0aacd: Waiting 8a5844586fdb: Waiting a4aba4e59b40: Waiting 5499f2905579: Waiting a36ba9e322f7: Waiting denied: requested access to the resource is denied # push失败 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker tag 6c3d77891c6a dockerhub/flask-hello-world:v1.0 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 38 minutes ago 928MB dockerhub/flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 38 minutes ago 928MB # 新打一个标签，并查看镜像 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker push dockerhub/flask-hello-world:v1.0 denied: requested access to the resource is denied # 仍然push失败，原因是：新打的标签名不对（dockerhub/flask-hello-world:v1.0)，/前面应该为对应的账户ID。第三步：push镜像到dockerhub公有仓库
root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker tag 6c3d77891c6a error12/flask-hello-world:v1.0 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker push error12/flask-hello-world:v1.0 The push refers to repository [docker.io/error12/flask-hello-world] d22d05d670e3: Pushed 8e0da839bae9: Pushed 42ce61e841fa: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld a9b125f164c3: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld e24045f8c247: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld b7b662b31e70: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld 6f5234c0aacd: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld 8a5844586fdb: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld a4aba4e59b40: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld 5499f2905579: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld a36ba9e322f7: Mounted from error12/hqc-helloworld v1.0: digest: sha256:af862fb9415a8121710e7d87b0ddb085df8a70cc744d6ebe4a8cd64f6d242b2a size: 2636 # 更改之后，成功！！！
dockerhub界面中也可以查看，并且提供下载。
4 上传镜像到阿里云镜像私有仓库 01 注册阿里云账户 02 创建个人实例
里边可新建命名空间（注意：个人实例只提供三个命名空间，需谨慎创建）和镜像仓库。
代码源应该选择本地仓库
- 可在阿里云平台界面中直接创建，可选择公有或私有仓库；
- 也可通过命令行创建
# 首先得先退出之前登录的dockerhub仓库 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker logout Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/ # 登录阿里云仓库 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker login --username=errorhqc兮 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded # 登录成功！ root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker tag 6c3d77891c6a registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world:v1.0 # 和上传到dockerhub类似，也需要打一个新标签 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 59 minutes ago 928MB dockerhub/flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 59 minutes ago 928MB error12/flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 59 minutes ago 928MB flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 59 minutes ago 928MB # 查看镜像 root@master:/home/hqc/docker_learning/flask-hello-world# docker push registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world:v1.0 The push refers to repository [registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world] d22d05d670e3: Pushed 8e0da839bae9: Pushed 42ce61e841fa: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images a9b125f164c3: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images e24045f8c247: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images b7b662b31e70: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images 6f5234c0aacd: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images 8a5844586fdb: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images a4aba4e59b40: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images 5499f2905579: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images a36ba9e322f7: Mounted from hqc-k8s/docker_images v1.0: digest: sha256:af862fb9415a8121710e7d87b0ddb085df8a70cc744d6ebe4a8cd64f6d242b2a size: 2636 # push成功！并且发现速度非常快，至少比dockerhub快
可见，push成功，自动创建了一个默认为私有的镜像仓库。
具体 *** 作官方有详细介绍：
# 登录我的阿里云仓库 root@node01:/home/user# docker login --username=errorhqc兮 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded # 登录成功 # 拉取镜像 root@node01:/home/user# docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world:v1.0 v1.0: Pulling from hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world 647acf3d48c2: Pull complete b02967ef0034: Pull complete e1ad2231829e: Pull complete 5576ce26bf1d: Pull complete a66b7f31b095: Pull complete 05189b5b2762: Pull complete af08e8fda0d6: Pull complete 287d56f7527b: Pull complete dc0580965fb6: Pull complete c1147962ae93: Pull complete 9310a3ae1b50: Pull complete Digest: sha256:af862fb9415a8121710e7d87b0ddb085df8a70cc744d6ebe4a8cd64f6d242b2a Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world:v1.0 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world:v1.0 # 拉取成功 root@node01:/home/user# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/hqc-k8s/ali-flask-hello-world v1.0 6c3d77891c6a 14 hours ago 928MB # 查看镜像
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