- 代码
- alien_invasion.py
- alien.py
- bullet.py
- button.py
- game_functions.py
- game_stats.py
- scoreboard.py
- setting.py
- ship.py
- 运行结果
- 待改进
这个小游戏是python教材上的一个实践，根据教材指引完成了这个代码，并进行了一些修改，可以作为pygame的一个实践。 代码
- 主程序
import pygame;import os
from settings import Settings;from ship import Ship
from pygame.sprite import Group;from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats;from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():
#初始化游戏并创建一个游戏对象
pygame.init()
ai_settings=Settings()
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('alien invasion')
play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"play")
stats=GameStats(ai_settings)
#创建飞船
ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)
#子d
bullets=Group()
#alien
aliens=Group()
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
#scoreboard
stats=GameStats(ai_settings)
sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
while True:
gf.check_event(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb ,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()
- 外星人
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
super().__init__()
self.screen=screen
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
#
self.image=pygame.image.load('F:\1\codelearn\python_ex\py\alien_invasion\images\alien.bmp')
self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
#
self.rect.x=self.rect.width
self.rect.y=self.rect.height
#
self.x=float(self.rect.x)
def check_edges(self):
screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.right<=0:
return True
def update(self):
self.x+=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x=self.x
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
- 子d
import pygame;from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
super().__init__()
self.screen=screen
#
self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx=ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top=ship.rect.top
#
self.y=float(self.rect.y)
self.color=ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor=ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
self.y-=self.speed_factor
self.rect.y=self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
- 按钮
import pygame;import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
self.screen=screen
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
#button
self.width,self.height=200,50
self.button_color=(20,30,40)
self.text_color=(255,255,255)
self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
#
self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center
#
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
- 相关函数
import sys;import pygame;from random import randint
from bullet import Bullet;from alien import Alien
from time import sleep;from button import Button
a=1
def check_keydown_event(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
if event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right=True
elif event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left=True
elif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.key==pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def check_keyup_event(event,ship):
if event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right=False
elif event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left=False
def check_event(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_event(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_event(event,ship)
elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
button_clicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
#
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
#
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active=True
#
sb.pre_score()
sb.pre_high_score()
sb.pre_level()
sb.pre_ships()
#
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
#
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
def check_high_score(stats,sb):
if stats.score>stats.high_score:
stats.high_score=stats.score
sb.pre_high_score()
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
#子d
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
sb.show_score()
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
bullets.update()
#delete bullet
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_ab_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_ab_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
collisions=pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,False,True)#first is if fade after collision
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score+=ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)
sb.pre_score()
check_high_score(stats,sb)
if len(aliens)==0:
global a
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
#
stats.level+=1
sb.pre_level()
#
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
a+=1
if a==4:
print("************nyou have wonn************")
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y+=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction*=-1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
if stats.ships_left>0:
stats.ships_left-=1
#
sb.pre_ships()
#
aliens.empty();bullets.empty()
#
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
#stop
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active=False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_a_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:
ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
check_a_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
if len(bullets)
- 计分
game_stats.py
class GameStats():
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active=False
self.high_score=0
def reset_stats(self):
self.ships_left=self.ai_settings.ships_limit-1
self.score=0
self.level=1
- 计分板
scoreboard.py
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group;from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
self.screen=screen
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
self.stats=stats
self.text_color=(30,30,30)
self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.pre_score()
self.pre_high_score()
self.pre_level()
self.pre_ships()
def pre_score(self):
rounded_score=int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#
self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20
self.screen_rect.top=20
def pre_high_score(self):
high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#
self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.top=self.score_rect.top
self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
def pre_level(self):
self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
self.level_rect=self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10
def pre_ships(self):
self.ships=Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y=10
self.ships.add(ship)
def show_score(self):
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
- 设置
setting.py
class Settings():
def __init__(self):
self.screen_width=1200
self.screen_height=650
self.bg_color=(230,230,230)
self.ships_limit=3
#bullet
self.bullet_width=10
self.bullet_height=15
self.bullet_color=60,60,60
self.bullet_allowed=5
#alien
self.fleet_drop_speed=10
self.speedup_scale=1.5
self.score_scale=1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
self.ship_speed_factor=1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor=1.8
self.alien_speed_factor=1
self.alien_points=10
self.fleet_direction=1
def increase_speed(self):
self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points=int(self.score_scale*self.alien_points)
- 飞船
ship.py
import pygame;import os
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
super().__init__()
self.screen=screen
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
self.image=pygame.image.load('F:\1\codelearn\python_ex\py\alien_invasion\images\ship.bmp')
self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom
self.center=float(self.rect.centerx)
self.moving_right=False
self.moving_left=False
def center_ship(self):
self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx
def update(self):
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right0:
self.center-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
#
self.rect.centerx=self.center
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
运行结果
待改进
由于教材上只是具备了最基础的功能，我们可以尝试改进这个游戏，比如说界面优化，增加功能……可以在了解了代码原理后自行去加入自己的一些想法，pygame还有许多其他功能等待我们的探索。
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