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【java】手写一个HTTP服务器

48v转12v • 2022-12-17 • 随笔 • 阅读 45

【java】手写一个HTTP服务器,第1张

【java】手写一个HTTP服务器 练习1

客户端：发送数据
服务器：接收数据，并展示

客户端

package com.jvm.t1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建套接字
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);

        //创建输出流
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

        //写数据
        outputStream.write("你好啊，服务器".getBytes());

        //释放资源
        socket.close();

    }
}

服务器

package com.jvm.t1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建服务器套接字
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);

        //获取发出请求的客户端套接字
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();

        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();

        byte []bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = inputStream.read(bytes);
        System.out.println(new String(bytes,0,len));
        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

进阶版：
客户端发送数据，服务器端显示客户端的数据，并向客户端发出响应数据

客户端：

package com.tcp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建套接字
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);

        //创建输出流
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

        //写数据
        outputStream.write("你好啊，服务器".getBytes());


        //接收服务器端的数据
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        byte []bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = inputStream.read(bytes);
        System.out.println("接收来自服务器端的数据:"+new String(bytes,0,len));

        //释放资源
        socket.close();

    }
}

服务器端：

package com.tcp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建服务器套接字
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);

        //获取发出请求的客户端套接字
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();

        //接收来自客户端的数据
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
        byte []bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = inputStream.read(bytes);
        System.out.println("来自客户端的消息:"+ new String(bytes,0,len));


        //向客户端发送数据
        OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("你好啊，客户端!,消息已收到".getBytes());

        //关闭
        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}
练习2

客户端:数据来自于键盘录入，直到输入的数据是886，发送数据结束
服务器:接收到的数据在控制台输出

客户端

package com.jvm.t1;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建套接字
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);

        //字符流转换成字节流，再封装成缓冲流
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String line;
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
            if("886".equals(line))
                break;
            bufferedWriter.write(line);
            bufferedWriter.newline();       //换行
            bufferedWriter.flush();         //刷新
        }

        //释放资源
        socket.close();

    }
}

服务器端

package com.jvm.t1;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建服务器套接字
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);

        //获取发出请求的客户端套接字
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(accept.getInputStream()));
        String line;
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }

        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

此时，在浏览器输入url，观看打印台的内容


修改服务器端

package com.jvm.t1;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建服务器套接字
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);



        while (true){
            //获取发出请求的客户端套接字
            Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();

            BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(accept.getOutputStream()));
            bufferedWriter.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
            bufferedWriter.newline();
            bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type:text/html");
            bufferedWriter.newline();
            
            bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length:20");
            bufferedWriter.newline();
            bufferedWriter.newline();
            bufferedWriter.write("Hello,World!abcdefg");
            bufferedWriter.flush();

            accept.close();
        }

    }
}

先学习
2阶——Http协议（Request封装请求、Response封装输出） 路径的写法

手写服务器httpserver_封装Response_封装Request_JAVA199-201

浏览器输入以下url:

GET /index?name=hangover&password=123 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
sec-ch-ua: "Chromium";v="94", "Google Chrome";v="94", ";Not A Brand";v="99"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,**;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-site
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Referer: http://localhost:63342/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
cookie: Idea-17670b7a=4d792870-1d4b-4f1f-8740-811ab0ac3cdc; Idea-10a747c5=921e4f0b-61d8-41f2-9041-499eea091075; Pycharm-34408c98=77b79e3b-a685-4ad8-bdd1-9a409381a7e9

name=shmily&password=123456

Process finished with exit code 0
封装Request 
package com.jvm.t1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.*;

//对请求报文进行封装
public class Request {
    private String method;  //请求方式
    private String URI; //请求资源
    private Map> parameterMapValue;//请求参数

    public static final String CRLF = "rn";
    private InputStream inputStream;
    private String requestInfo;     //用来保存请求报文数据

    public Request() {
        method = "";
        URI = "";
        parameterMapValue = new HashMap<>();
        requestInfo = "";
    }

    public Request(InputStream inputStream) {
        this();
        this.inputStream = inputStream;
        try{
            byte []data = new byte[2048];
            int len = inputStream.read(data);
            requestInfo = new String(data,0,len);
        }catch (IOException e){
            return;
        }
        parseRequestInfo();

    }

    public String getMethod() {
        return method;
    }

    public String getUrl() {
        return URI;
    }

    public Map> getParameterMapValue() {
        return parameterMapValue;
    }
    //根据参数名称获取对应的多个值
    public String[] getParameters(String parameter){
        List values = null;
        if((values = parameterMapValue.get(parameter)) == null){
            return null;
        }else{
            return values.toArray(new String[0]);
        }

    }

    //根据参数名称获取对应的单个值
    public String getParameter(String parameter){
        String[] values = getParameters(parameter);
        if(values == null)
            return null;
        return values[0];
    }

    //分析请求信息
    private void parseRequestInfo(){
        if((null == requestInfo) || (requestInfo = requestInfo.trim()).equals(""))
            return;
        

        String paramString = "";//接收请求参数

        //获取请求方式
        //首部行  GET /index?name=hangover&password=123 HTTP/1.1
        String firstLine = requestInfo.substring(0,requestInfo.indexOf(CRLF));
        int idx = requestInfo.indexOf("/"); // /的位置
        this.method = firstLine.substring(0,idx).trim();
        String urlStr = firstLine.substring(idx,firstLine.indexOf("HTTP")).trim();

        //      POST /index HTTP/1.1
        if(this.method.equals("POST")){
            this.URI = urlStr;
            paramString = requestInfo.substring(requestInfo.lastIndexOf(CRLF)).trim();
        }else if(this.method.equals("GET")){
            //考虑没有参数
            if(urlStr.contains("?")){
                String []urlArray = urlStr.split("\?");
                this.URI = urlArray[0];
                paramString = urlArray[1];
            }else{
                this.URI = urlStr;
            }
        }
        parseParams(paramString);
    }

    //将请求参数封装到Map中
    //  name=shmily&password=123456
    private void parseParams(String paramString){
        //分割，将字符串转成数组
        StringTokenizer stringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(paramString, "&");
        while (stringTokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){
            String keyValue = stringTokenizer.nextToken();
            String[] keyValues = keyValue.split("=");

            //考虑name=shmily&password
            if(keyValues.length == 1){
                keyValues = Arrays.copyOf(keyValues,2); //申请两个空间，并复制原来的
                keyValues[1] = null;
            }

            String key = keyValues[0].trim();
            String value = null == keyValues[1] ?null:decode(keyValues[1].trim(),"utf-8");

            //考虑name=shmily&name=hangover
            if(!parameterMapValue.containsKey(key)){
               parameterMapValue.put(key,new ArrayList<>());
            }
            List values = parameterMapValue.get(key);
            values.add(value);


        }
    }
    //解决中文
    private String decode(String value,String code){
        try{
            return java.net.URLDecoder.decode(value,code);
        }catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }


}

服务器端

package com.jvm.t1;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建服务器套接字
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);

        //获取发出请求的客户端套接字
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
        Request request = new Request(inputStream);
        System.out.println("请求方式:" + request.getMethod());
        System.out.println("请求资源:"+request.getUrl());
        System.out.println("姓名:"+request.getParameter("name"));
        System.out.println("密码:"+request.getParameter("password"));


        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}
封装Response 
package com.jvm.t1;


import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.security.cert.CRL;
import java.util.Date;

//封装响应报文
public class Response {

    public static final String CRLF = "tn";
    public static final String BLANK = " ";

    //输出流
    private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;
    //响应头
    private StringBuilder headInfo;
    //响应体
    private StringBuilder content;
    //响应体长度
    private int len = 0;
    //响应类型
    private String contentType = "text/html;charset=utf-8";

    public Response() {
        headInfo = new StringBuilder();
        content = new StringBuilder();
        len = 0;
    }

    public Response(OutputStream outputStream){
        this();
        bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));
    }

    public void setContentType(String contentType) {
        this.contentType = contentType;
    }

    //构建响应头
    private void createHeadInfo(int code){
        //构建状态行     HTTP协议版本，状态代码，描述
        headInfo.append("HTTP/1.1").append(BLANK).append(code).append(BLANK);
        switch (code){
            case 200:
                headInfo.append("OK");
                break;
            case 404:
                headInfo.append("Not Found");
                break;
            case 500:
                headInfo.append("Server Error");
                break;

        }
        headInfo.append(CRLF);

        //响应头
        headInfo.append("Server:test Server/0.0.1").append(CRLF);
        headInfo.append("Date").append(new Date()).append(CRLF);
        headInfo.append("Content-type:").append(contentType).append(CRLF);

        //正文长度
        headInfo.append("Content-Length:").append(len);
        headInfo.append("nn");

    }
    //构建响应体
    public Response print(String info){
        content.append(info);
        len += info.length();
        return this;
    }

    //构建响应体+回车
    public Response println(String info){
        content.append(info).append(CRLF);
        len += (info + CRLF).getBytes().length;
        return this;
    }

    //推送到客户端
    public void pushToClient(int code) throws IOException{
        createHeadInfo(code);
        bufferedWriter.append(headInfo.toString());
        bufferedWriter.append(content.toString());
        bufferedWriter.flush();
        bufferedWriter.close();
    }
}

服务器端

package com.jvm.t1;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建服务器套接字
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);



        while (true){
            //获取发出请求的客户端套接字
            Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();

            InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
            Request request = new Request(inputStream);
            System.out.println("请求方式:" + request.getMethod());
            System.out.println("请求资源:"+request.getUrl());
            System.out.println("姓名:"+request.getParameter("name"));
            System.out.println("密码:"+request.getParameter("password"));

            OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
            Response response = new Response(outputStream);

            response.println("HTTP响应示例");
            response.println("");
            response.println("欢迎：").println(request.getParameter("name")).println("回来");
            response.println("");
            response.pushToClient(200);

            accept.close();
        }

    }
}

一个简单的Servlet容器实现

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原文地址: http://outofmemory.cn/zaji/5719627.html

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