pandas行列删除

pandas行/列删除 pandas.Dataframe.drop()函数介绍

官方文档：pandas.Dataframe.drop

Dataframe.drop(labels=None, axis=0, index=None, columns=None, level=None, inplace=False, errors=‘raise’)

labels: 要删除的行标签/列标签axis：默认取0删除行，取1删除列index：删除行(labels, axis=0 is equivalent to index=labels)columns：删除列(labels, axis=1 is equivalent to columns=labels)level：针对有多级行标或列标的集合，level=x 即按照 x 级行/列标删除整行inplace：默认inplace=False, 仅返回copy；inplace=True为在原dataframe上修改errors: {‘ignore’, ‘raise’}, default ‘raise’

Examples:

df = pd.Dataframe(np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4),columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
# Output
df
   A  B   C   D
0  0  1   2   3
1  4  5   6   7
2  8  9  10  11

1. 列删除

# .drop()方法
df.drop(columns=['列名1', '列名2'])
# OR
df.drop(['列名1', '列名2'], axis=1)
# del方法(一次只能删除一列)
del df['列名']
# .pop()方法(一次只能删除一列)
df.pop('列名')

Example：删除 ‘B’ 和 ‘C’ 列

df.drop(['B', 'C'], axis=1)
# OR
df.drop(columns=['B', 'C'])
# Output
   A   D
0  0   3
1  4   7
2  8  11

2. 行删除 2.1 根据索引删除行

df.drop(['行名1', '行名2'])

Example：删除第0和1行

df.drop([0, 1])
# Output
   A  B   C   D
2  8  9  10  11

2.2 根据条件删除行

df.drop(df[条件].index)

Example：删除A列大于4的所有行

df.drop(df[df.A >= 4].index)
# Output
   A  B   C   D
0  0  1   2   3

3. 删除多级行标/列表的Dataframe

Example

midx = pd.MultiIndex(levels=[['speed', 'cow', 'falcon'],
                              ['speed', 'weight', 'length']],
                      codes=[[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2],
                             [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]])      

df = pd.Dataframe(index=midx, columns=['big', 'small'],
                  data=[[45, 30], [200, 100], [1.5, 1], [30, 20],
                        [250, 150], [1.5, 0.8], [320, 250],
                        [1, 0.8], [0.3,0.2]])
# Output
                big     small
lama    speed   45.0    30.0
        weight  200.0   100.0
        length  1.5     1.0
cow     speed   30.0    20.0
        weight  250.0   150.0
        length  1.5     0.8
falcon  speed   320.0   250.0
        weight  1.0     0.8
        length  0.3     0.2

3.1 删除特定的索引组合

df.drop(index=('索引1', '索引2'))
df.drop(index='行名', columns='列名')

Example 1: 删除 ‘falcon’ 的 ‘weight’ 行

df.drop(index=('falcon', 'weight'))
# Output
                big     small
lama    speed   45.0    30.0
        weight  200.0   100.0
        length  1.5     1.0
cow     speed   30.0    20.0
        weight  250.0   150.0
        length  1.5     0.8
falcon  speed   320.0   250.0
        length  0.3     0.2

Example 2: 删除 ‘cow’ 行和 ‘small’ 列

df.drop(index='cow', columns='small')
# Output
                big
lama    speed   45.0
        weight  200.0
        length  1.5
falcon  speed   320.0
        weight  1.0
        length  0.3

3.2 按照行/列标删除

# 删除第 x+1 级行标, 默认为0
df.drop(index='行名', level=x)
# 删除第 y+1 级列标，默认为0
df.drop(columns='列名', level=y)

Example 1：删除第二级行标的 ‘length’ 行

df.drop(index='length', level=1)
# Output
                big     small
lama    speed   45.0    30.0
        weight  200.0   100.0
cow     speed   30.0    20.0
        weight  250.0   150.0
falcon  speed   320.0   250.0
        weight  1.0     0.8

Example 2：删除第1级行标的 ‘lama’ 行

df.drop(index='lama') # 默认 level=0
# Output:
                big     small
cow     speed   30.0    20.0
        weight  250.0   150.0
        length  1.5     0.8
falcon  speed   320.0   250.0
        weight  1.0     0.8
        length  0.3     0.2