can, could, may, might, ought to, have to, need, shall, should, will, would, dare
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等. 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能).
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替.Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态.
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can.如:
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许.
---Can I go now?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换.在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中.
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力).
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中.
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许.might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式.否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”.
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见.
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has)
to,used
to,ought
to
④情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定(must一肯,must
not一否,can,could,would三不定。)
注:mustn't代表强烈禁止
must表示主观,have
to表示客观
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