关系代词有哪些？

关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。

它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。

如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。

关系副词

1.关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用。

2.关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。

3.关系副词主要有四个,即when, where, why, how。此外the也可作关系副词引导副词子句。

Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo?

你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?

the way是先行词。

This is the place where(that) I first met her.

这是我第一次见到她的地方。

在口语中that可以充当关系副词,代替when, why, how,只有先行词是the place时,才可代替where。

A:When should we start to work?

B:The sooner (we start), the better (it will be).

我们该开什么时候应始工作? 越早越好。

the作关系副词是引导副词子句,句子结构一般为:The+比较级...+the+比较级...,第一个the是关系副词。

4.time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行词时可以被省略,其后的子句不再是形容词子句,而变成名词子句或副词子句。

中文:这是他出生的地方。

This is where he was born.

where he was born是名词子句。

This is the place where he was born.

where he was born是形容词子句。

中文:我将在第一次见到她的地方见她。

I'll meet her at the place where I first met her.

where I first met her是形容词子句。

I'll meet her where I first met her.

where I first met her是副词子句。

5.关系副词有限定用法,指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。

We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.

我们在学校里上学的那些日子里很快乐。

6.关系副词有补述用法,即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句,主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充,前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。

Tom got married the day before yesterday, when it was his birthday too.

汤姆前天结婚了,那天也是他的生日。

7.wherever,whenever,however是复合关系副词,表示"不论",引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子句,可加强语气或表示让步。

【参见关系形容词】

Wherever he goes, he would bring an umbrella with him.

不论他去那里,他都带着一把雨伞。

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

关系代词

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：

I hate people who talk much but do little.

I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.

With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.

Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?

关系副词，

在句子中做状语，高中常见的就是，where ,when如：

地点状语： My father works in the factory where we visited in last month.

时间状语： I still remember the time when my mother told me the news.

其他的还有方式状语，让步状语，原因状语。他们在句子中相当于一个副词用。

关系代词 指代作用 和关系副词不指代，句子不缺成分，只做状语用。

相信你已经明白，希望对你有用。

关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which等。关系代词有主格、宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。

关系代词及例句

关系代词（that,who,whom,whose,which）所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

例1.Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语，指人）

例2.He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语，指人）

例3.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.（whose在句中作定语，指人）

例4.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.（whose在句中作定语，指物。若指物，它还可以同of which互换）

例5.The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作carry的宾语，指物）

关系代词基本用法

1.引导定语从句

关系代词代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，如：

The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin.

跟我讲话的女孩是我表妹。

（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）

This is the pencil whose point is broken.

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。（whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语）

He came back for the book that he had forgotten.

他回来拿他忘记了的那本书。（that指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）

2.先行词which

如：He said he saw me there, which was a lie.

他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。

3.其他用法

关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，如：

I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.

我已经忘了很多曾经学过的拉丁语。

He's changed.He's not the man he was.

他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。

注释：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，that在从句中作表语时也可省略。

非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。

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