linux下安装mysql错误

不知道你用的什么发行版，一般发行版都有二进制版本，不需要自己编译，如果想要自己编译需要准备好依赖的包或库

如果使用二进制版本，可以直接安装，比如 Debian 可以直接 apt-get install mysql-server

如果编译，建议使用 Gentoo 这个发行版，emerge mysql ，系统会自动编译依赖的软件

一、准备环境

1.建立mysql安装目录及数据存放目录

[root@localhost local]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql //安装mysql

[root@localhost local]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data 　 //存放数据库

2.创建myql用户和用户组

[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql

[root@localhost local]# useradd -g mysql mysql

3.赋予数据存放目录权限

[# chown -R root:mysql . //把当前目录中所有文件的所有者设为root,所属组为mysql]

[root@localhost local]# chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/data

4.安装cmake[mysql5.5以后是通过cmake来编译的]

可以在http://www.cmake.org网站下载cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz,上传并移动至/usr/local目录下

[root@localhost local]# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz

[root@localhost local]# cd cmake-2.8.4

[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake

CMake has bootstrapped. Now run gmake.

[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# gmake

[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# gmake install

[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# ln -s /usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake /usr/local/bin/cmake

[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# cmake --version

cmake version 2.8.4

二、安装mysql

1.在mysql的网站下载mysql最新版本.地址是：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

上传并移动至/usr/local/mysql目录下

2.解压mysql-5.5.20

[root@localhost local]#tar zxvf mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql-5.5.20

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]# make

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]# make instll

参数说明：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql//安装目录

-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data //数据库存放目录

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8//使用utf8字符

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci//校验字符

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all//安装所有扩展字符集

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 //允许从本地导入数据

注意事项：

重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]# make clean

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

4.把mysql的启动服务设置为系统服务

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

5.初始化数据库

#cd /user/local/mysql

# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

注：basedir:mysql安装路径 datadir:数据库文件储存路径

6.设置开机自启动

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql

# chkconfig mysql on

7.配置环境变量

将mysql的bin目录加到PATH中，有利于以后管理与维护，在/etc/profile中加入mysql/bin,同时增加两个别名方便 *** 作：

# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

# alias mysql_start="mysqld_safe&"

# alias mysql_stop="mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown"

8.启动mysql服务

# /etc/init.d/mysql start

启动之后用ps -ef|grep mysql命令查看是否启动

9.登录mysql

# mysql -u root -p

三、安装遇到的问题

1.没有安装 gcc 和 gcc-c++，安装MYSQL执行cmake报如下错误：

[root@ice mysql-5.5.27]# cmake .

-- The C compiler identification is unknown

-- The CXX compiler identification is unknown

CMake Error: your C compiler: "CMAKE_C_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAKE_C_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.

CMake Error: your CXX compiler: "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.

.

-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

==================================================

解决方法：安装gcc和gcc-c++

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]yum install gcc

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]yum install gcc-c++

#删除cache文件，不删除还会报错

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]rm CMakeCache.txt

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]#cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

2.没有安装 ncurses-devel，安装MYSQL执行cmake报如下错误：

-- Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)

CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:83 (MESSAGE):

Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,

remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.

Call Stack (most recent call first):

cmake/readline.cmake:127 (FIND_CURSES)

cmake/readline.cmake:217 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)

CMakeLists.txt:257 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)

-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

解决方法：

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]#yum -y install ncurses-devel

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]#rm CMakeCache.txt

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.20]#cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

3.bash:mysql:command not find

原因是mysql命令的路径在/usr/local/mysql/bin下面，所以你直接使用mysql命令时，系统在/usr/bin下面查此命令，所以找不到了。

解决方法：做个软链接即可。

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

4.如果myql不能远程连接，出现错误mysql error number 1130，则加入下面语句试试：

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '******' WITH GRANT OPTION

5.[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql status

ERROR! MySQL is not running, but lock file (/var/lock/subsys/mysql) exists

解决方法：rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/mysql

然后启动mysql,一切正常了，这里的可能原因就是可能和log文件有关，于是将log文件给移除了，再重启MySQL终于OK了。

6.[root@localhost init.d]# /etc/init.d/mysql start

你的./configure命令中，用/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5作为--with-named-curses-libs的值，但是/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5这个文件不存在，所以就编译错误了。

直接用./configure --prefix=/home/leonard/MySql/试下

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