完成上述准备后,就可以动手安装MySQL数据库了。主要安装步骤如下:
1. 禁用selinux
setenforce 0
2. 上传安装文件到Linux
3.解压rpm包
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
4.安装软件
yum install mysql-community-{libs,client,common,server}-*.rpm
5.启动mysql数据库初始化
systemctl start mysqld
6.修改vi /etc/my.cnf
添加:
[mysqld]
#可以在表中录入中文
character-set-server=utf8 #
explicit-defaults-for-timestamp
# 禁用当前密码认证策略,可以使用简单密码(生产环境不适用)
validate_password=0
7.重启mysql服务
systemctl restart mysqld
8.找临时登录密码
grep -i "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log
9.连接MySQL数据库
mysql -uroot -p 输入临时密码
10.修改root用户登录密码为简单密码(生产环境不适用)
alter user root@localhost identified by ''
11.配置MYSQL_PS1环境变量
修改家目录下:.bash_profile文件,添加
export MYSQL_PS1="\u@\h[\d]>"
12.使新环境变量生效
source /root/.bash_profile
13.重新连接mysql验证
mysql -uroot -p
除了上述安装方式以外,可能在公司中会遇到安装指定版本的需求,那么如何安装指定版本的MySQL数据呢?这时我们可以采用下载指定版本安装包进行安装的方式,主要步骤如下,假设CentOS7 linux最小安装,已经配置好yum。首先检查是否安装numactl包
rpm -qa|grep numactl
yum install numactl-libs-* # 如果没有安装需要安装。检查是否安装libaio包
rpm -qa|grep libaio
yum install libaio-* # 如果没有安装需要安装
具体安装步骤如下:
* 禁用selinux
setenforce 0
* 上传安装文件到Linux
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
* 创建mysql用户组和用户
groupadd -g 27 -r mysql
#-r创建系统账户,-M 不创建用户家目录 -N 不创建和用户名一样的用户组
useradd -M -N -g mysql -r -s /bin/false -c "MySQL Server" -u 27 mysql
id mysql
* 上传安装包到root家目录
* 解压二进制文件到/usr/local
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
* 解压目录改名为mysql
cd /usr/local
ls -l
mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
* 环境变量中添加mysql/bin目录
vi /root/.bash_profile
修改PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
添加 export MYSQL_PS1="\u@\h[\d]>"
source /root/.bash_profile
* 创建/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf选项文件 (也可以使用默认的/etc/my.cnf选项文件)
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/etc
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
* 编辑选项文件my.cnf填写默认选项
vi /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
secure_file_priv=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
Explicit-defaults-for-timestamp
character-set-server=utf8
[mysql]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
* 初始化数据目录
cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir data
chmod 750 data
chown mysql:mysql data
* 初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf --initialize
* 使用systemd管理mysql
例如:systemctl {start|stop|restart|status} mysqld
cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
touch mysqld.service
chmod 644 mysqld.service
vi mysqld.service
# 添加以下内容
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(7)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0
# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS
# Use this to switch malloc implementation
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 65535
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false
以上内容中注意:The --pid-file option specified in the my.cnf configuration file is ignored by systemd.
默认:LimitNOFILE = 5000,如果连接数(max_connection)需要调大,可以将LimitNOFILE 设置为最大65535
* 创建mysql.conf文件
cd /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d
#Add a configuration file for the systemd tmpfiles feature. The file is named mysql.conf and is placed in /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d.
cd /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d
touch mysql.conf
chmod 644 mysql.conf
* mysql.conf添加内容
vi mysql.conf
添加以下语句:
d /usr/local/mysql/data 0750 mysql mysql -
* 使新添加的mysqld服务开机启动
systemctl enable mysqld.service
* 手动启动mysqld
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl status mysqld
* 获得mysql临时登录密码
cat /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.err | grep "temporary password"
* 客户端登录连接mysql服务器
mysql -uroot -p
输入临时密码
* 修改MySQL用户root@localhost密码
mysql>alter user root@localhost identified by ''#此处为了方便设置为空密码
* 测试新密码连接MySQL服务
mysql -uroot -p
至此,我们就完成了在Linux环境下安装MySQL的任务。通过这两种方式我们可以体会到在Linux环境下安装软件的基本思路及方法。
借鉴:
https://blog.csdn.net/YKWNDY/article/details/107025041
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41919735/article/details/122554337
cd /usr/local
将部署包:mysql-5.7.27-aarch64.tar.gz 上传到 /usr/local 下
tar xvf mysql-5.7.27-aarch64.tar.gz
mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27-aarch64 /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/logs
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp -rf /usr/local/mysql/extra/lib* /usr/lib64/
mv /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.old
ln -s /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.24 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cp -rf /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
source /etc/profile
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl status mysqld
移动文件 mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27-aarch64 /usr/local/mysql
创建logs目录 mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/logs
ln -sf a b 建立软连接,b指向a:ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp是linux里的拷贝命令-r 是用于目录拷贝时的递归 *** 作-f 是强制覆盖:cp -rf /usr/local/mysql/extra/lib* /usr/lib64/
创建mysql组:ln -s /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.24 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
创建mysql用户添加到mysql组:groupadd mysql &&useradd -g mysql mysql
将/usr/loca/mysql目录包含所有的子目录和文件,所有者改变为root,所属组改变为mysql:chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
设置开机启动:
cp -rf /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
添加环境变量:
vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=PATH:PATH:PATH:MYSQL_HOME/bin
source /etc/profile
初始化mysql:mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
开启mysql:systemctl start mysqld
查看状态:systemctl status mysqld
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