实验拓扑
二、实验要求及环境
21实验环境
NFS服务器 IP:19216885
环境:
[root@server7 ~]# uname -a
Linux server7ctoszu 3100-514el7centosplusi686 #1 SMP Wed Jan 25 12:55:04 UTC 2017 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@server7 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 731611 (AltArch)
客户端IP:19216887
环境:
[root@client-A ~]# uname -a
Linux client-Actoszu 2632-696el6i686 #1 SMP Tue Mar 21 18:53:30 UTC 2017 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@client-A ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 69 (Final)
22、实验要求
NFS服务器
1、/home/share 目录可读写,并且不限制用户身份,共享给19216880/24网段不的所有主机;
2、/home/zhidata 这个目录仅共享给19216887这台主机,以供该主机上面的zhi这个用户来使用,
也就是说zhi在19216885和19216887上均有账号,且账号均为zhi;
3、/home/upload 这个目录做为19216880/24网段的数据上传目录,其中/home/upload
的用户和所属组为nfs-upload这个名字,它的UID和GID均为222;
4、/home/nfs 这个目录的属性为只读,可提供除了网段内的工作站外,向Internet也提供数据内容。
三、服务器端设置
1、 编辑/etc/exports内容
[root@server7 etc]# cat /etc/exports
/home/share 19216880/24(rw,no_root_squash)
/home/zhidata 19216887(rw)
/home/upload 19216880/24(rw,all_squash,anonuid=222,anongid=222)
/home/nfs 19216880/24(ro) (ro,all_squash)
2、按要求建立每个对应目录
21、创建/home/share目录 任何人都可以在 /home/share内新增、修改文件,但
仅有该文件/目录的建立者与root能够删除自己的目录或文件。
[root@server7 etc]# mkdir -p /home/share
[root@server7 etc]# ll -d /home/share/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 9月 5 15:50 /home/share/
[root@server7 etc]# chmod 1777 /home/share/
[root@server7 etc]# ll -d /home/share/
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 6 9月 5 15:50 /home/share/
22、创建/home/nfs
[root@server7 etc]# ll -d /home/nfs/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 9月 5 16:52 /home/nfs/
23、创建/home/zhidata目录
[root@server7 etc]# mkdir -v /home/zhidata
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/zhidata"
[root@server7 etc]# ll -d /home/zhidata/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 9月 5 16:57 /home/zhidata/
[root@server7 etc]# useradd zhi
root@server7 etc]# passwd zhi
更改用户 zhi 的密码 。
新的 密码:
无效的密码: 密码少于 8 个字符
重新输入新的 密码:
passwd:所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@server7 etc]# cat /etc/passwd | grep zhi
zhi:x:1000:1000:zhi:/home/zhi:/bin/bash
[root@server7 etc]# chmod 700 /home/zhidata/
[root@server7 etc]# chown -R zhi:zhi /home/zhidata/
[root@server7 etc]# ll -d /home/zhidata/
drwx------ 2 zhi zhi 6 9月 5 16:57 /home/zhidata/
24、创建/home/upload目录
#先建立对应账号与组名及UID
[root@server7 etc]# groupadd -g 222 nfs-upload
[root@server7 etc]# useradd -g 222 -u 222 -M nfs-upload
[root@server7 etc]# cat /etc/passwd|grep nfs
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfs-upload:x:222:222::/home/nfs-upload:/bin/bash
#创建目录,修改属主
[root@server7 etc]# mkdir /home/upload
[root@server7 etc]# chown -R nfs-upload:nfs-upload /home/upload/
[root@server7 etc]# ll -d /home/upload/
drwxr-xr-x 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 9月 6 08:38 /home/upload/
25、重启NFS服务
[root@server7 etc]# systemctl restart nfs
[root@server7 etc]# systemctl status nfs
● nfs-serverservice - NFS server and services
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-serverservice; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since 三 2017-09-06 08:41:40 CST; 8s ago
Process: 9171 ExecStopPost=/usr/sbin/exportfs -f (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 9169 ExecStopPost=/usr/sbin/exportfs -au (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 9168 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/rpcnfsd 0 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 9181 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/rpcnfsd $RPCNFSDARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 9180 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/exportfs -r (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9181 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /systemslice/nfs-serverservice
9月 06 08:41:40 server7ctoszu systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services
9月 06 08:41:40 server7ctoszu systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services
[root@server7 etc]# tail /var/log/messages
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started NFS Mount Daemon
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 rpcmountd[9178]: Version 130 starting
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started NFSv4 ID-name mapping service
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Starting NFS server and services
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 kernel: NFSD: starting 90-second grace period (net c0c932c0)
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started NFS server and services
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Starting Notify NFS peers of a restart
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 sm-notify[9198]: Version 130 starting
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 sm-notify[9198]: Already notifying clients; Exiting!
Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started Notify NFS peers of a restart
26、查看NFS服务器共享出来目录
27、关闭防火墙、selinux
28查看配置
[root@server7 ~]# exportfs -v
/home/zhidata 19216887(rw,wdelay,root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash)
/home/share 19216880/24(rw,wdelay,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
/home/upload 19216880/24(rw,wdelay,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,anonuid=222,anongid=222,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,all_squash)
/home/nfs 19216880/24(ro,wdelay,root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,ro,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash)
/home/nfs <world>(ro,wdelay,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,ro,secure,root_squash,all_squash)
四、客户端配置
41、客户端也要安装nfs-utils和rcpbind软件包
[root@client-A ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y
42、启动RPC
[root@client-A ~]# service rpcbind start /systemctl start rpcbind
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]
[root@client-A ~]# service rpcbind status
rpcbind (pid 1926) is running
[root@client-A ~]# chkconfig --list |grep rpcbind
43、客户端关闭防火墙、selinux
[root@client-A ~]# service iptables stop /systemctl stop firewalld
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
44 测试网络
[root@client-A ~]# ping 19216885
PING 19216885 (19216885) 56(84) bytes of data
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=216 ms
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0697 ms
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0346 ms
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0336 ms
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0335 ms
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0317 ms
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0512 ms
64 bytes from 19216885: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0320 ms
^C
--- 19216885 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 8 received, 0% packet loss, time 7555ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0317/0629/2169/0595 ms
45 在客户端查看NFS服务器共享出来目录
[root@client-A ~]# showmount -e 19216885
Export list for 19216885:
/home/nfs (everyone)
/home/upload 19216880/24
/home/share 19216880/24
/home/zhidata 19216887
46、挂载NFS服务器上/home/nfs目录到本地/opt/data目录下
#临时挂载
#永久挂载
编辑、/etc/fstab文件,新增如下条目:
19216885:/home/nfs /opt/data/ nfs4 defaults 0 0
更多信息参考 nfs参数详解
#查看信息
[root@client-A data] # df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
65G 644M 56G 11% /
tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 26M 426M 6% /boot
19216885:/home/nfs
80G 16G 65G 20% /opt/data
[root@client-A data]# mount
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
19216885:/home/nfs on /opt/data type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=19216885,clientaddr=19216887)
#创建文件测试
[root@client-A data]# touch testabc
touch: cannot touch `testabc': Read-only file system
47挂载/home/upload 目录到客户端/opt/upload目录下
#挂载
[root@client-A data]# mkdir /opt/upload
[root@client-A data]# mount -t nfs 19216885:/home/upload /opt/upload/
#查看挂载是否成功
[root@client-A data]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
65G 644M 56G 11% /
tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 26M 426M 6% /boot
19216885:/home/nfs
80G 16G 65G 20% /opt/data
19216885:/home/upload
80G 16G 65G 20% /opt/upload
#客户端创建nfs-upload用户
[root@client-A ~]# groupadd -g 222 nfs-upload
[root@client-A ~]# useradd -g 222 -u 222 -m nfs-upload
#测试,可以看到创建的文件及目录默认属主为nfs-upload属组为nfs-upload
[zhi@client-A upload]$ pwd
/opt/upload
[zhi@client-A upload]$ ll
total 0
#测试创建文件
[zhi@client-A upload]$ touch test123
测试创建目录
[zhi@client-A upload]$ mkdir testdir
[zhi@client-A upload]$ ll -a
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 3 nfs-upload nfs-upload 36 Sep 6 10:28
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Sep 6 18:22
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nfs-upload nfs-upload 0 Sep 6 10:28 test123
drwxrwxr-x 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 Sep 6 10:28 testdir
# 在客户端用root用户创建文件测试
root@client-A upload]# touch testabc
[root@client-A upload]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 6 10:31 nfstest123
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfs-upload nfs-upload 0 Sep 6 10:32 testabc
drwxrwxr-x 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 Sep 6 10:28 testdir
可以看到用root用户创建的文件属主仍是nfs-upload
#测试删除文件
[zhi@client-A upload]$ rm test123
[zhi@client-A upload]$ ll
total 0
drwxrwxr-x 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 Sep 6 10:28 testdir- rwx rwx rwx: "-"表示普通文件,后面三个“rwx”从左到右分别表示文件拥有者(用户)、用户所在组、组外用户的读、写、执行权限,一般新建一个文件,其权限是755,翻译成二进制就是:111 101 101。翻译成权限,就是rwx r-x r-x,即用户(文件创建者)拥有读、写、执行的权限,其他人只有读、执行的权限,而没有写权限。另外需要注意的是,你能否访问一个目录,是由“执行”的权限决定的,而不是拥有对目录的读权限就能访问。呵呵,从“drwx------”里看出来是700文件权限第一个"d" 是目录的意思,然后d后面接的9位分为用户权限,组权限和其他权限,700就是111000000。意思就是drwx------=d111000000,懂了没?没懂问我,这个目录的权限是用户拥有它的所有权限,而组和其他用户没有权限。r是读权限,w是写权限,x是执行权限。
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