营销活动英文

英[]

ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ kæmˈpein

美[]

ˈmɑrkɪtɪŋ kæmˈpen

词典释义

marketing campaign[经] 市场运动

marketing activity市场活动

市场营销作为一种计划及执行活动，其过程包括对一个产品，一项服务、或一种思想的开发制作、定价、促销和流通等活动，其目的是经由交换及交易的过程达到满足组织或个人的需求目标。

市场营销是指在以顾客需求为中心的思想指导下，企业所进行的有关产品生产、流通和售后服务等与市场有关的一系列经营活动。

有些学者从宏观角度对市场营销下定义。例如,E.J.Mccarthy�把市场营销定义为一种社会经济活动过程，其目的在于满足社会或人类需要，实现社会目标。又如，Philop Kotler指出，“市场营销是与市场有关的人类活动。市场营销意味着和市场打交道，为了满足人类需要和欲望，去实现潜在的交换”(《市场营销管理》第5版第13～14页)。�

还有些定义是从微观角度来表述的。例如，美国市场营销协会于1960年对市场营销下的定义是：市场营销是“引导产品或劳务从生产者流向消费者的企业营销活动”。

市场营销MBA的定义：指企业以顾客为中心，以市场为导向，从产品规划开始，综合利用各种营销手段，最终实现企业经营目标的全过程。

J.E.Mccarthy 于1960年也对微观市场营销下了定义：市场营销“是企业经营活动的职责，它将产品及劳务从生产者直接引向消费者或使用者以便满足顾客需求及实现公司利润”(《基础市场学》第19页)。这一定义虽指出了满足顾客需求及实现企业赢利成为公司的经营目标，但这两种定义都说明，市场营销活动是在产品生产活动结束时开始的，中间经过一系列经营销售活动，当商品转到用户手中就结束了，因而把企业营销活动仅局限于流通领域的狭窄范围，而不是视为企业整个经营销售的全过程，即包括市场营销调研、产品开发、定价、分销广告、宣传报导、销售促进、人员推销、售后服务等。

Philop K otler于1984年对市场营销又下了定义：市场营销是指企业的这种职能，“认识目前未满足的需要和欲望，估量和确定需求量大小，选择和决定企业能最好地为其服务的目标市场，并决定适当的产品、劳务和计划(或方案)，以便为目标市场服务”(《市场营销管理》序言) 。

美国市场营销协会(AMA)于1985年对市场营销下了更完整和全面的定义：市场营销“是对思想、产品及劳务进行设计、定价、促销及分销的计划和实施的过程，从而产生满足个人和组织目标的交换。”这一定义比前面的诸多定义更为全面和完善。主要表现是：(1 )产品概念扩大了，它不仅包括产品或劳务，还包括思想；(2)市场营销概念扩大了，市场营销活动不仅包括赢利性的经营活动，还包括非赢利组织的活动；(3)强调了交换过程；(4)突出了市场营销计划的制定与实施。

definition

Marketing as a plan and execute activities, its process including for a product, a service, or a kind of thought development production, pricing, promotion, and circulation activities, its purpose is the process of via exchange and trade organizations or individuals to meet the needs of target.

Marketing refers to the customer demand as the center of the guidance, enterprise of related products production, circulation and after-sales services a series of related market management activities.

Some scholars from the macroscopic perspective marketing define. For example, ccarthy � E.J.M the marketing defined as a process of social economic activities, its purpose lies in satisfying social or human needs, to realize social goals. Be like again, Philop Kotler points out, "marketing is human activity of related market. Marketing means and market, in order to deal satisfy human needs and desires, to realize the potential exchange" (the marketing management the fifth edition article 13 or 14 pages). �

Also some definition of from microcosmic Angle to express. For example, the American marketing association in 1960 to marketing definition is: marketing is "guide product or service to consumers from producers of enterprise marketing activities".

Marketing MBA definition: refers to the enterprise customer as the center, take the market as the guidance, from product planning, comprehensive use of various began marketing methods, finally realizes the whole process of business objectives.

Ccarthy J.E.M in 1960 also on micro marketing defined: marketing "is the enterprise business activities duty, it will products and services directly to consumers or from producers to meet customers' demand and user achieve the company profit" (" basic marketing "the 19). This definition is pointed out the meeting customer needs and realization enterprise profit has become the goal of the company, but these two definitions are explained, marketing activities are in production activities at the end, after a series of began among business sales activities, when commodity turned to user hand is over, and the enterprise marketing activities only confine to the relatively narrow range of current domain, not as the whole management process of the enterprise sales, which includes marketing research, product development, pricing, distribution, advertising, promotional reports, sales promotion, personal selling, after-sale service, etc.

In 1984, otler Philop K for marketing and down the definition: marketing is to show the enterprise, this function "understand not currently meet needs and desires, measure and sure demand size, choices and decisions enterprise that best for its service target market, and determining the appropriate product, service and plan (or scheme), in order to target market service" (the marketing management "prologue).

American marketing association (AMA) in 1985 to marketing under a more complete and thorough definition: marketing "is for thinking, products and services of design, pricing, promotion, and distribution plan and implementation process, thus produce exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives." This definition than many definitions in front of a more comprehensive and perfect. Main show is: (1) the product concept expanded, it not only includes products or services, including thought(2) marketing concept expanded, marketing activities include not only of for-profit business activities, including nonprofit activities(3) emphasized the exchange process(4) highlighted the marketing plan and implementation.