分二点解释:
1、单片机初始化主要是对单片机所用到的功能或外设进行初始化。
比如,用到了定时器T0,则需要在开始对T0进行初始化,其相关SFR为:TMOD,TH0,TL0,TR0。其他类似。
2、当然如果你使用汇编编写程序,在程序比较大时,可以考虑对堆栈等进行初始化,保证程序运行的可靠性。这点,对于初学者来说,我觉得能理解最好,不理解不用着急。
对于C语言设计来说,堆栈的初始化则考虑较少,一般编译器会帮助进行优化。
//注意,如您使用的MCU没有那个功能,就不要 *** 作相应的寄存器
//注意,如您使用的MCU没有那那么大的扩展SRAM,就不要 *** 作超过范围的SRAM
#include<reg51h>
#include<intrinsh>
sfr S2CON = 0x9A;
//S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,SRB8,S2TI,S2RI
sfr IE2 = 0xAF;
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
sfr S2BUF = 0x9B;
sfr AUXR = 0x8e;
sfr BRT = 0x9c;
sfr IAP_CONTR = 0xC7;
sfr CCON = 0xD8;
sfr CMOD = 0xD9;
sfr CL = 0xE9;
sfr CH = 0xF9;
sfr CCAP0L = 0xEA;
sfr CCAP0H = 0xFA;
sfr CCAPM0 = 0xDA;
sfr CCAPM1 = 0xDB;
sbit CR = 0xDE;
sbit MCU_Start_Led = P1^7;
sbit S2_Interrupt_Receive_Led = P1^4;
//unsigned char self_command_array[4] = {0x22,0x33,0x44,0x55};
#define Self_Define_ISP_Download_Command 0x22
#define RELOAD_COUNT 0xfb //18432MHz,12T,SMOD=0,9600bps
void serial_port_one_initial();
void send_UART_one(unsigned char);
void UART_one_Interrupt_Receive(void);
void serial_port_two_initial();
void send_UART_two(unsigned char);
void UART_two_Interrupt_Receive(void);
void soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor(void);
void delay(void);
void display_MCU_Start_Led(void);
void send_PWM(void);
void main(void)
{
unsigned int array_point = 0;
unsigned char xdata Test_array_one[512] =
{
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57,
0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0xfc, 0xfb, 0xfa, 0xf9, 0xf8,
0xf7, 0xf6, 0xf5, 0xf4, 0xf3, 0xf2, 0xf1, 0xf0,
0xef, 0xee, 0xed, 0xec, 0xeb, 0xea, 0xe9, 0xe8,
0xe7, 0xe6, 0xe5, 0xe4, 0xe3, 0xe2, 0xe1, 0xe0,
0xdf, 0xde, 0xdd, 0xdc, 0xdb, 0xda, 0xd9, 0xd8,
0xd7, 0xd6, 0xd5, 0xd4, 0xd3, 0xd2, 0xd1, 0xd0,
0xcf, 0xce, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0xcb, 0xca, 0xc9, 0xc8,
0xc7, 0xc6, 0xc5, 0xc4, 0xc3, 0xc2, 0xc1, 0xc0,
0xbf, 0xbe, 0xbd, 0xbc, 0xbb, 0xba, 0xb9, 0xb8,
0xb7, 0xb6, 0xb5, 0xb4, 0xb3, 0xb2, 0xb1, 0xb0,
0xaf, 0xae, 0xad, 0xac, 0xab, 0xaa, 0xa9, 0xa8,
0xa7, 0xa6, 0xa5, 0xa4, 0xa3, 0xa2, 0xa1, 0xa0,
0x9f, 0x9e, 0x9d, 0x9c, 0x9b, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x98,
0x97, 0x96, 0x95, 0x94, 0x93, 0x92, 0x91, 0x90,
0x8f, 0x8e, 0x8d, 0x8c, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x89, 0x88,
0x87, 0x86, 0x85, 0x84, 0x83, 0x82, 0x81, 0x80,
0x7f, 0x7e, 0x7d, 0x7c, 0x7b, 0x7a, 0x79, 0x78,
0x77, 0x76, 0x75, 0x74, 0x73, 0x72, 0x71, 0x70,
0x6f, 0x6e, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6b, 0x6a, 0x69, 0x68,
0x67, 0x66, 0x65, 0x64, 0x63, 0x62, 0x61, 0x60,
0x5f, 0x5e, 0x5d, 0x5c, 0x5b, 0x5a, 0x59, 0x58,
0x57, 0x56, 0x55, 0x54, 0x53, 0x52, 0x51, 0x50,
0x4f, 0x4e, 0x4d, 0x4c, 0x4b, 0x4a, 0x49, 0x48,
0x47, 0x46, 0x45, 0x44, 0x43, 0x42, 0x41, 0x40,
0x3f, 0x3e, 0x3d, 0x3c, 0x3b, 0x3a, 0x39, 0x38,
0x37, 0x36, 0x35, 0x34, 0x33, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30,
0x2f, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0x2c, 0x2b, 0x2a, 0x29, 0x28,
0x27, 0x26, 0x25, 0x24, 0x23, 0x22, 0x21, 0x20,
0x1f, 0x1e, 0x1d, 0x1c, 0x1b, 0x1a, 0x19, 0x18,
0x17, 0x16, 0x15, 0x14, 0x13, 0x12, 0x11, 0x10,
0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0, 0x09, 0x08,
0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00
};
unsigned char i = 0;
serial_port_one_initial(); //串口1初始化
// serial_port_two_initial(); //串口2初始化
display_MCU_Start_Led(); //点亮发光二极管表示单片机开始工作
// send_UART_two(0x55); //串口2发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
// send_UART_two(0xaa); //串口2发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
/
for(array_point=0; array_point<512; array_point++)
{
send_UART_two(Test_array_one[array_point]);
}
/
send_UART_one(0x34); //串口1发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
send_UART_one(0xa7); //串口1发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
for(array_point=0; array_point<512; array_point++)
{
send_UART_one(Test_array_one[array_point]);
}
// send_PWM(); //6kHz PWM, 50% duty
while(1);
}
void serial_port_one_initial()
{
SCON = 0x50; //0101,0000 8位可变波特率,无奇偶校验位
// TMOD = 0x21; //0011,0001 设置顶时器1为8位自动重装计数器
// TH1 = RELOAD_COUNT; //设置定时器1自动重装数
// TL1 = RELOAD_COUNT;
// TR1 = 1; //开定时器1
BRT = RELOAD_COUNT;
// BRTR = 1, S1BRS = 1, EXTRAM = 1 ENABLE EXTRAM
AUXR = 0x11; // T0x12,T1x12,UART_M0x6,BRTR,S2SMOD,BRTx12,EXTRAM,S1BRS
ES = 1; //允许串口中断
EA = 1; //开总中断
}
void serial_port_two_initial()
{
//sfr SCON = 0x98;
//SM0,SM1,SM2,REN,TB8,RB8,TI,RI
//sfr S2CON = 0x9A;
//S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,S2RB8,S2TI,S2RI
//sfr S2BUF = 0x9B;
//sfr IE2 = 0xAF;
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
S2CON = 0x50; //0101,0000 8位可变波特率,无奇偶校验位,允许接收
BRT = RELOAD_COUNT;
// BRTR = 1, S1BRS = 1, EXTRAM = 0 ENABLE EXTRAM
AUXR = 0x11; // T0x12,T1x12,UART_M0x6,BRTR,S2SMOD,BRTx12,EXTRAM,S1BRS
// ES = 1; //允许串口1中断
// ES2 = 1
IE2 = 0x01; //允许串口2中断,ES2=1
EA = 1; //开总中断
}
void send_UART_one(unsigned char i)
{
ES = 0; //关串口中断
TI = 0; //清零串口发送完成中断请求标志
SBUF = i;
while(TI ==0); //等待发送完成
TI = 0; //清零串口发送完成中断请求标志
ES = 1; //允许串口中断
}
void send_UART_two(unsigned char i)
{
//sfr SCON = 0x98;
//SM0,SM1,SM2,REN,TB8,RB8,TI,RI
//sfr S2CON = 0x9A;
//S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,S2RB8,S2TI,S2RI
//sfr S2BUF = 0x9B;
//sfr IE2 = 0xAF;
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
unsigned char temp = 0;
// ES = 0; //关串口1中断
IE2 = 0x00; //关串口2中断,es2=0
// TI = 0; //清零串口1发送完成中断请求标志
S2CON = S2CON & 0xFD; //B'11111101,清零串口2发送完成中断请求标志
// SBUF = i;
S2BUF = i;
// while(TI ==0); //等待发送完成
do
{
temp = S2CON;
temp = temp & 0x02;
}while(temp==0);
// TI = 0; //清零串口发送完成中断请求标志
S2CON = S2CON & 0xFD; //B'11111101,清零串口2发送完成中断请求标志
// ES = 1; //允许串口1中断
// ES2 = 1
IE2 = 0x01; //允许串口2中断,ES2=1
}
void UART_one_Interrupt_Receive(void) interrupt 4
{
unsigned char k = 0;
if(RI==1)
{
RI = 0;
k = SBUF;
if(k==Self_Define_ISP_Download_Command) //是自定义下载命令
{
delay(); //延时1秒就足够了
delay(); //延时1秒就足够了
soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor(); //软复位到系统ISP监控区
}
send_UART_one(k+1);
}
else
{
TI = 0;
}
}
void UART_two_Interrupt_Receive(void) interrupt 8
{
//sfr SCON = 0x98;
//SM0,SM1,SM2,REN,TB8,RB8,TI,RI
//sfr S2CON = 0x9A;
//S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,S2RB8,S2TI,S2RI
//sfr S2BUF = 0x9B;
//sfr IE2 = 0xAF;
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
unsigned char k = 0;
k = S2CON ;
k = k & 0x01;
//if(S2RI==1)
if(k==1)
{
//RI = 0;
S2CON = S2CON & 0xFE; //1111,1110
S2_Interrupt_Receive_Led = 0;
k = S2BUF;
if(k==Self_Define_ISP_Download_Command) //是自定义下载命令
{
delay(); //延时1秒就足够了
delay(); //延时1秒就足够了
soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor(); //软复位到系统ISP监控区
}
send_UART_two(k+1);
}
else
{
//TI = 0;
S2CON = S2CON & 0xFD; //1111,1101
}
}
void soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor(void)
{
IAP_CONTR = 0x60; //0110,0000 软复位到系统ISP监控区
}
void delay(void)
{
unsigned int j = 0;
unsigned int g = 0;
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
for(g=0;g<60000;g++)
{
_nop_();
_nop_();
_nop_();
_nop_();
_nop_();
}
}
}
void display_MCU_Start_Led(void)
{
//sbit MCU_Start_Led = P1^7;
unsigned char i = 0;
for(i=0;i<1;i++)
{
MCU_Start_Led = 0; //顶亮MCU开始工作指示灯
delay();
MCU_Start_Led = 1; //熄灭MCU开始工作指示灯
delay();
MCU_Start_Led = 0; //顶亮MCU开始工作指示灯
}
}
void send_PWM(void)
{
CMOD = 0x00; // CIDL - - - - CPS1 CPS0 ECF Setup PCA Timer
// CPS1 CPS0 = 00, Fosc/12 is PCA/PWM clock
// 18432000/12/256 = 6000
CL = 0x00;
CH = 0x00;
CCAP0L = 0x80; //Set the initial value same as CCAP0H
CCAP0H = 0x80; //50% Duty Cycle
CCAPM0 = 0x42; //0100,0010 Setup PCA module 0 in 8BIT PWM, P37
CR = 1; //启动 PCA/PWM 定时器
}
以下是我刚改的程序编译成功了
请参考
#include"reg51h"
//定义全局变量
unsigned char data_10[10]={0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
unsigned char Time_50ms,count;
bit flag=0;
bit data_flag=0;
/
函数名:UART串口初始化函数
调 用:UART_init();
参 数:无
返回值:无
结 果:启动UART串口接收中断,允许串口接收,启动T/C1产生波特率(占用)
备 注:振荡晶体为12MHz,PC串口端设置 [ 4800,8,无,1,无 ]
//
void UART_init (void){
EA = 1; //允许总中断(如不使用中断,可用//屏蔽)
ES = 1; //允许UART串口的中断
TMOD |= 0x20;//定时器T/C1工作方式2
SCON = 0x50;//串口工作方式1,允许串口接收(SCON = 0x40 时禁止串口接收)
TH1 = 0xF3;//定时器初值高8位设置
TL1 = 0xF3;//定时器初值低8位设置
PCON = 0x80;//波特率倍频(屏蔽本句波特率为2400)
TR1 = 1;//定时器启动
}
//
/
函数名:UART串口接收中断处理函数
调 用:[SBUF收到数据后中断处理]
参 数:无
返回值:无
结 果:UART串口接收到数据时产生中断,用户对数据进行处理(并发送回去)
备 注:过长的处理程序会影响后面数据的接收
//
void UART_R (void) interrupt 4 using 1{ //切换寄存器组到1
TR0=1; //打开定时器开始计时
RI = 0;//令接收中断标志位为0(软件清零)
data_10[count] = SBUF;//将接收到的数据送入变量 UART_data
count++;//接收到一个字节数据计数+1
if(count>=10) //如果接收到10个数据
{
TR0=0; //停止定时器
TH0 = 0x3C; //给定时器赋初值
TL0 = 0xB0; //给定时器赋初值
count=0;//清零数据计数
//data_flag=1; //数据有效标志位
SBUF = 0x55;//返回数据 55H
while(TI == 0);//检查发送中断标志位
TI = 0;//令发送中断标志位为0(软件清零)
}
if(flag)
{
TR0=0; //停止定时器
TH0 = 0x3C; //给定时器赋初值
TL0 = 0xB0; //给定时器赋初值
count=0;//清零数据计数
SBUF = 0xff;//返回数据 ffH
while(TI == 0);//检查发送中断标志位
TI = 0;//令发送中断标志位为0(软件清零)
}
}
//
/
函数名:定时/计数器初始化函数
调 用:T_C_init();
参 数:无
返回值:无
结 果:设置SFR中T/C1和(或)T/C0相关参数
备 注:本函数控制T/C1和T/C0,不需要使用的部分可用//屏蔽
//
void T_C_init (void){
TMOD |= 0x01; //高4位控制T/C1 [ GATE,C/T,M1,M0,GATE,C/T,M1,M0 ]
EA = 1;//中断总开关
TH0 = 0x3C; //16位计数寄存器T0高8位
TL0 = 0xB0; //16位计数寄存器T0低8位(0x3CB0 = 50mS延时)
ET0 = 1; //T/C0中断开关
TR0 = 0; //T/C0开关
}
//
/
函数名:定时/计数器0中断处理函数
调 用:[T/C0溢出后中断处理]
参 数:无
返回值:无
结 果:重新写入16位计数寄存器初始值,处理用户程序
备 注:必须允许中断并启动T/C本函数方可有效,重新写入初值需和T_C_init函数一致
//
void T_C0 (void) interrupt 1 using 1{ //切换寄存器组到1
TH0 = 0x3C; //16位计数寄存器T0高8位(重新写入初值)
TL0 = 0xB0; //16位计数寄存器T0低8位(0x3CB0 = 50mS延时)
Time_50ms++; //50ms到 计数+1
if(Time_50ms>=100)
{
Time_50ms=0;// 清零50ms计数
flag=1; //5s时间 标志置位
TR0=0;//关闭计时器
}
}
//
main()
{
IP = 0x10; //中断优先级设置(串口中断最高优先级)
UART_init();//初始化串口
T_C_init(); // 初始化计数器
while(1);// 空循环
}
先初始化串口,再接收数据就可以了。比如:
#include<reg51h>
#define uchar unsigned char
uchar rec;
bit flag=0;
void uart() interrupt 4
{
if(RI)
{
RI=0;
rec=SBUF;
flag=1;
}
}
main()
{
TMOD=0x20;
TH1=0xfd;
TL1=0xfd;
SCON=0x50;
TR1=1;
ES=1;
EA=1;
while(1)
{
if(flag)
{
case
case
default:break
}
}
}
void main()
{
UARTinit();
sc ('\n') ;
ss("---------\n") ;
while(1);
}
原因是向单片机下载程序时会在程序尾部自动填充了无条件跳转指令到起始位置,也就是程序在发送一遍后并没有停止,而是返回起始地址又重新开始了
我用的新唐芯片,8051内核,跟51差不多,望采纳
void UART_Initial (void)
{
P02_Quasi_Mode; //Setting UART pin as Quasi mode for transmit
P16_Quasi_Mode; //Setting UART pin as Quasi mode for transmit
SCON_1 = 0x50; //UART1 Mode1,REN_1=1,TI_1=1
T3CON = 0x08; //T3PS2=0,T3PS1=0,T3PS0=0(Prescale=1), UART1 in MODE 1
clr_BRCK;
RH3 = HIBYTE(65536 - (1000000/u32Baudrate)-1); /16 MHz /
RL3 = LOBYTE(65536 - (1000000/u32Baudrate)-1); /16 MHz /
set_TR3; //Trigger Timer3
}
以上是初始化的
void Send_Data_To_UART1(UINT8 c)
{
TI_1 = 0;
SBUF_1 = c;
while(TI_1==0);
}
这个是发送
void UART_isr (void) interrupt 4 //串行中断服务程序
{
if (RI_1==1)
{ / if reception occur /
clr_RI_1; / clear reception flag for next reception /
Receive_Date[c] = SBUF_1;
if (Receive_Date[0] == First_Date)
{
c++;
}
else if(Receive_Date_Size > 0 && Receive_Date_Size < 4)
{
c++;
}
else if(Receive_Date[c] == Last_Date && Receive_Date_Size ==4)
{
c = 0;
Flag_Receive_One = 1;
}
else
{
c = 0;
}
}
}
接收
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