关于英语的一个小知识点

join和 take part in

二者都有“参加”的意思，但用法有所不同。

join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员。而take part in指参加活动。

例如：

He joined the League in 1985 他在1985年入团。

The old man took part in the Long March 这位老人参加过长征。

详解：

join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，还可表示参与某种活动。例句：

①I will never forget the day when I joined the Party我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。

②Will you join us for dinner请你和我们一起吃饭好吗？

take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，有时与join in可互换。例句：

①Will you take part in the English evening同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？

②All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。

③We should take an active part in school activities我们应该积极参加学校的活动。

join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动。例句：

①May I join in the game我可以参加这个比赛吗？

②I hope you”ll all join in the discussion我希望你们大家都参加讨论。

如果说"与某人一起做某事"、"和……在一起"则用join sb in sth/doing sth。例句：

①Would you join me in a walk和我一起去散步好吗？

②Will you join us in a game of cards你愿意和我们一起玩牌吗？

③I”ll join you in a few minutes我过几分钟将和你在一起。

就职演讲：重申美国建国精神 强调人人平等

　MR OBAMA: Thank you Thank you so much Vice President Biden, Mr Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:

谢谢，非常感谢大家。拜登副总统、首席大法官先生、国会议员们、尊敬的各位嘉宾、亲爱的公民们。

Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution We affirm the promise of our democracy We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:

每一次我们集会庆祝总统就职都是在见证美国宪法的持久力量。我们都是在肯定美国民主的承诺。我们重申，将这个国家紧密联系在一起的不是我们的肤色，也不是 我们信仰的教条，更不是我们名字的来源。让我们与众不同，让我们成为美国人的是我们对于一种理念的恪守。200多年前，这一理念在一篇宣言中被清晰阐述：

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness”

“我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的，人人生而平等。造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，包括生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。”

Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed

今天，我们继续着这一未竟的征程，架起这些理念与我们时代现实之间的桥梁。因为历史告诉我们，即便这些真理是不言而喻的，它们也从来不会自动生效。因为虽 然自由是上帝赋予的礼物，但仍需要世间的子民去捍卫。1776年，美国的爱国先驱们不是只为了推翻国王的暴政而战，也不是为赢得少数人的特权，建立暴民的 统治。先驱们留给我们一个共和国，一个民有、民治、民享的政府。他们委托每一代美国人捍卫我们的建国信条。

For more than two hundred years, we have

在过去的200多年里，我们做到了。

Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together

从奴役的血腥枷锁和刀剑的血光厮杀中我们懂得了，建立在自由与平等原则之上的联邦不能永远维持半奴隶和半自由的状态。我们赢得了新生，誓言共同前进。

Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers。

我们共同努力，建立起现代的经济体系。架设铁路与高速公路，加速了旅行和商业交流。建立学校与大学，培训我们的工人。

Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play

我们一起发现，自由市场的繁荣只能建立在保障竞争与公平竞争的原则之上。

Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune

我们共同决定让这个伟大的国家远离危险，保护她的人民不受生命威胁和不幸的侵扰。

Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone Our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character

一路走来，我们从未放弃对集权的质疑。我们同样不屈服于这一谎言：一切的社会弊端都能够只靠政府来解决。我们对积极向上与奋发进取的赞扬，我们对努力工作与个人责任的坚持，这些都是美国精神的基本要义。

But we have always understood that when times change, so must we; that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges; that preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action For the American people can no more meet the demands of today’s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias No single person can train all the math and science teachers we’ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people

我们也理解，时代在变化，我们同样需要变革。对建国精神的忠诚，需要我们肩负起新的责任，迎接新的挑战。保护我们的个人自由，最终需要所有人的共同努力。 因为美国人不能再独力迎接当今世界的挑战，正如美国士兵们不能再像先辈一样，用步q和民兵同敌人(法西斯主义与共产主义)作战。一个人无法培训所有的数学 与科学老师，我们需要他们为了未来去教育孩子们。一个人无法建设道路、铺设网络、建立实验室来为国内带来新的工作岗位和商业机会。现在，与以往任何时候相比，我们都更需要团结合作。作为一个国家，一个民族团结起来。

This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience A decade of war is now ending An economic recovery has begun America’s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive; diversity and openness; an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention My fellow Americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together

这一代美国人经历了危机的考验，经济危机坚定了我们的决心，证明了我们的恢复力。长达十年的战争正在结束，经济的复苏已经开始。美国的可能性是无限的，因 为我们拥有当今没有边界的世界所需要的所有品质：年轻与活力、多样性与开放、无穷的冒险精神以及创造的天赋才能。我亲爱的同胞们，我们正是为此刻而生，我 们更要在此刻团结一致，抓住当下的机会。

For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it We believe that America’s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work; when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own

因为我们，美国人民，清楚如果只有不断萎缩的少数人群体获得成功，而大多数人不能成功，我们的国家就无法成功。我们相信，美国的繁荣必须建立在不断上升的 中产阶级的宽阔臂膀之上，我们知道美国的繁荣只有这样才能实现。只有当每个人都能找到工作中的自立与自豪时才能实现。只有当诚实劳动获得的薪水足够让家庭 摆脱困苦的悬崖时才能实现。我们忠诚于我们的事业，保证让一个出生于最贫穷环境中的小女孩都能知道，她有同其他所有人一样的成功机会。因为她是一个美国人，她是自由的、平等的。她的自由平等不仅由上帝来见证，更由我们亲手保护。

We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher But while the means will change, our purpose endures: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American That is what this moment requires That is what will give real meaning to our creed

我们知道，我们已然陈旧的程序不足以满足时代的需要。我们必须应用新理念和新技术重塑我们的政府，改进我们的税法，改革我们的学校，让我们的公民拥有他们 所需要的技能，更加努力地工作，学更多的知识，向更高处发展。这意味着变革，我们的目标是：国家可以奖励每个美国人的努力和果断。这是现在需要的。这将给我们的信条赋予真正的意义。

We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity We must make the hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm The commitments we make to each other – through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security – these things do not sap our initiative; they strengthen us They do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great

我们，人民，仍然认为，每个公民都应当获得基本的安全和尊严。我们必须做出艰难抉择，降低医疗成本，缩减赤字规模。但我们拒绝在照顾建设国家的这一代和投 资即将建设国家的下一代间做出选择。因为我们记得过去的教训：老年人的夕阳时光在贫困中度过，家有残障儿童的父母无处求助。我们相信，在这个国家，自由不 只是那些幸运儿的专属，或者说幸福只属于少数人。我们知道，不管我们怎样负责任地生活，我们任何人在任何时候都可能面临失业、突发疾病或住房被可怕的飓风 摧毁的风险。　我们通过医疗保险、联邦医疗补助计划、社会保障项目向每个人做出承诺，这些不会让我们的创造力衰竭，而是会让我们更强大。这些不会让我们成为充满不劳而获者的国度，这些让我们敢于承担风险，让国家伟大。

; 哈维姆德学院 是美国顶级的文理工程学院学院之一，位于加利福尼亚州克莱尔蒙特市，创办于1955年12月，是一所涉及科学、工程、数学领域的私立精英学院，同时还是克莱尔蒙特系列学院之一。美国《新闻与世界报道2008》把哈维姆德学院列为“美国最好的大学之一”。哈维姆德学院以其卓越的学术声誉在美国大学中名列第十四位，是美国大学中考上PHD学生比例最高的一所院校。大部分的学生会被以下学校吸收：哈佛大学、约翰·霍普金斯大学、麻省理工学院、加州理工学院、斯坦福大学等。哈维姆德学院为“小常春藤”之一的优秀文理学院。

哈维姆德学院致力于培养社会科学及人文科学领域优秀的科学家、工程师和数学家，这样学生就更加清楚自己的工作对于整个社会所产生的影响。 该学院授予化学、数学、物理学、计算机科学、生物学、工程学四年制学位以及数学生物学跨学科学位，并设有计算机科学与数学或生物学与化学的联合专业。哈维姆德学院获得了美国西部高等教育协会之高等学院及大学认证委员会的认证，学院的工程学专业(美国为数极少的综合工程学专业之一)也得到了工程与科技认证委员会的认证，化学专业已达到美国化学学会的标准，化学系的毕业生毕业后即能达到化学学会成员的标准。在2009版的《美国名校》中，根据《美国新闻与世界报道》，哈维姆德学院在美国人文科学院校中排名第4位，本科工程专业排名第二位。

学校特色

学校最近被评为“全美学生最快乐的学校”第五位。

99% 的学生选择住校。从学校驾车仅需 1 小时即可到达洛杉矶。

学校在最新的《美国新闻和世界报导》工程类大学排行榜只设学士和硕士学位类排名中位居第二。

大部分的哈维姆德学院毕业生升入更高的学府以后是免学费的，大部分的学生会被以下学校吸收：哈佛大学、约翰·霍普金斯大学、麻省理工学院、加州理工学院、斯坦福大学等。福特公司基金会经研究发现，全国范围内，在制造业中能获得博士学位的学生人数最多的是加州理工学院，其次是麻省理工学院，然后是哈维姆德学院; 在数学、自然科学中获得博士学位的学生人数最多的是加州理工学院，其次是哈维姆德学院，然后是麻省理工学院。

哈维姆德学院的学生不仅可以在五校跨校选课，还可以拿其他学校的专业学位。五校共享非常多的资源，比如图书馆，书店，健身房以及学生俱乐部等等。五校的食堂也都共享，共有7个食堂散布在五校校园各地。五校基本都在走路20分钟的距离以内，所以去别的学校上课或是去别的食堂换换口味都非常方便

哈维姆德学院是文理学院中为数不多的以数学、自然科学和工科为主的学校，在这几个领域哈维姆德学院有着顶尖的实力和出众的声誉。学校的课程难度非常大，考试评分也相当严格，学生需要对学业非常的投入和努力。哈维姆德学院实行Honor Code政策，学生为自己和他们的行为负责，校内充满信任的问题，什么大部分考试都是由学生自己规定时间和地点并不设监考。

哈维姆德学院的学业很重，但校内的氛围很轻松和友好，各种善意的玩笑和恶作剧在校内很流行。同时，所在的克莱蒙是一个大学城，距离洛杉矶，海滩和迪斯尼乐园都非常近。

哈维姆德学院课程非常难。学生是为了学习教学、工程和其他科学而来。学生素质非常高。教授与学生关系密切。哈维姆德学院地处加州的洛杉矶(Los Angeles)盆地的克利孟特(Claremont)。距离洛杉矶35英里，与另外一个著名的文理学院波摩那(Pomana)学院同处一个小镇。

专业设置

本科：生物学、化学、计算机科学、工程学、数学、生物学、物理学 。哈维姆德学院拥有自己一套教育系统，而又与克莱蒙特大学联盟的其他成员分享教育设施，但每个学校分别管理本校的机构，且拥有自己的录取程序。

哈维姆德学院的学生被鼓励到其他学院修习课程，特别是学生主修专业之外的课程，并计入本校学分。对哈维姆德学院感兴趣的学生一定要具有一定的数学和科学的才能。本学院提供数学、物理、工程、化学、生物、计算机专业，同时也提供多元的课程，三分之一的课程是人文课程。学生也会欣赏经济、心里、哲学、历史、艺术、文学等课程。

学校排名

US News颁布的“全国文理学院排行”中位列16

数学专业要求

A mathematics degree from Harvey Mudd College will prepare students for a variety of careers in business, industry or academics Mathematical methods are increasingly employed in fields as diverse as finance, biomedical research, management science, the computer industry and most technical and scientific disciplines To support the academic and professional goals of our majors, we offer a wide selection of courses in both pure and applied mathematics This selection is enhanced by courses offered in cooperation with the other Claremont Colleges, including graduate courses at the Claremont Graduate University

Students will have many opportunities to do mathematical research with faculty through independent study, a summer research experience, or their senior capstone experience Active areas of mathematical research at HMC and The Claremont Colleges include algebra, algebraic geometry, algorithms and computational complexity, combinatorics, differential geometry, dynamical systems, fluid mechanics, graph theory, number theory, numerical analysis, mathematical biology, mathematics education, operations research, partial differential equations, real and complex analysis, statistical methods and analysis, and topology

The culmination of the degree is the senior capstone research experience: every student experiences a taste of the life of a professional mathematician as part of a team in the Mathematics Clinic Program or by working individually on a Senior Thesis

The Mathematics Clinic program extends the academic experience of our majors An educational innovation of HMC, our Clinic Program brings together teams of students to work on a research problem sponsored by business, industry or government Teams work closely with a faculty advisor and a liaison provided by the sponsoring organization to solve complex real-world problems using mathematical and computational methods Clinic teams present their results in bound final reports to the sponsors and give several formal presentations on the progress of the work during the academic year

Our Senior Thesis program provides students with the opportunity to work independently on a problem of their choosing Advisors and readers may be chosen from the HMC faculty and the other mathematicians at The Claremont Colleges, providing students with a wealth of research opportunities As with Clinic, the end product of a thesis is a bound volume as well as presentations made at a professional conference or other venue, during the college-wide Presentations Days and throughout the year

课程需求

Every HMC student, regardless of major, takes three semesters of mathematics (covering the topics of calculus, multivariable calculus, linear algebra, probability & statistics, and differential equations) as part of the general core curriculum

Beyond the Core courses, the course of study for a mathematics degree has five components: the Major Core, Computational Mathematics, the Senior Capstone Experience (Clinic or Thesis), Math Forum and Math Colloquium, and the Elective Program Each of these components to the major program is described below

专业核心

A set of core courses is required of each major These courses cover a range of fundamental fields of mathematics, and position the student to pursue any one of a variety of elective programs to finish the degree

Mathematics 55: Discrete Mathematics

Mathematics 70: Intermediate Linear Algebra

Mathematics 80: Intermediate Differential Equations

Mathematics 131: Mathematical Analysis I

Mathematics 157: Intermediate Probability

Mathematics 171: Abstract Algebra I

Mathematics 180: Introduction to Partial Differential Equations

工程专业

Since prehistoric times when the caveman invented the wheel, engineers have played a vital role in society Using theories and applications of science and mathematics, engineers work to design, create and improve things to solve problems and benefit the world at large Their work ranges from designing and building bridges to making business deals, researching new methods of production and testing manufactured products for quality and safety assurance

工程专业分类

While no list can be all-inclusive, the following is a start on the different types of engineers that work in the field

Aerospace engineers  – design, analyze, produce and, occasionally, install components that make up aircraft, spacecraft, high-altitude vehicles and missiles

Agricultural engineers

Biomedical engineers

Chemical engineers  – work in different areas of industry to turn recent advances in chemistry into products

Civil engineers  – create cities and design, plan, and build roads, bridges, buildings and other types of infrastructure

Communications engineers

Computer engineers  – work with computer systems to help companies maintain their computer networks and help determine what technical direction they should take

Control systems engineers

Electrical engineers – design chips for VCRs, stereos, radios and other electronic products; and work with quantum electronics, acoustics, signal processing and ferroelectrics

Environmental engineers

Geotechnical engineers

Industrial engineers  – work with companies to determine how they should best allocate their resources (A large percent of industrial engineers work with manufacturing companies and specialize in a specific area)

Management/economics engineers

Manufacturing engineers

Materials engineers  – design new materials and new processes for making materials; also select and apply existing materials to solve design problems

Mechanical engineers

Mining engineers

Nuclear engineers  – work to optimize the output of nuclear plants and in atomic research facilities

Ocean engineers

Optical engineers

Petroleum engineers

Robotics engineers – design and make robots, as well as develop new uses and abilities for robots

Sanitary engineers

Structural engineers  – ensure that buildings and other structures are safe and meet the required codes

Transportation engineers  – plan, design and upgrade streets, highways, railroads, airports and other transit and transportation systems

学历要求

Harvey Mudd College’s engineering majors earn a bachelor of science in engineering degree They may choose to emphasize a particular engineering specialty by appropriate choice of elective courses and Engineering Clinic projects

Students entering the engineering major have successfully completed the Common Core, a series of courses deisgned to provide foundational learning experiences This accounts for 375 credit untis (cu) in math, physics, chemistry, biology, computer science, engineering, and humanities, social sciences and the arts PE is also required for 3 credit units

核心

The engineering curriculum consists of three main areas, or stems, in engineering design, engineering systems, and engineering science Each area contributes to an interdisciplinary based approach to teaching and learning with design as the distinguishing feature, with systems providing unifying concepts and tools to build the general framework for problem solving across disciplines, and with science to provide needed fundamentals in the context of a broad-based program This accounts for 465 cu

The engineering design courses focus on working in teams on open-ended, externally-driven design projects Hands-on exposure to professional practice begins with students undertaking challenging design problems in the first year with an introduction to conceptual design, engineering drawings, and manufacturing techniques (E4, continues with a laboratory course in experimental engineering (E80) and a three-semester Clinic experience (E111-E113)

The sequence of systems courses (E59 and E101-1E02) provides analysis and design tools to model and interpret the behavior of general engineering systems These courses are multidisciplinary in approach, enabling students to gain a unified view of the entire spectrum of engineering disciplines

The engineering science courses (E82, E83, E84, E85 and E106) establish a broad base of fundamental knowledge needed by an engineer practicing in the field A half course in engineering mathematics (E72) is also required for the engineering major

教学目标

Produce graduates who are exceptionally competent engineers whose work is notable for its breadth and its technical excellence;

Provide a “hands-on” approach to engineering so that graduates develop an understanding of engineering judgment and practice

Prepare and motivate students for lifetime of independent, reflective learning

Produce graduates who are fully aware of the impact of their work on society, both nationally and globally

Offer a curriculum that is current, exciting and challenging for both students and faculty, but can be completed in four years by any motivated student who is admitted to HMC

1、A、C显然不行，只有B、D，B意为学生的（一个，单数）D则是学生们的而那个‘s和前面的s冲突就省去了。

2、C、D先删了，A为单数，只有B了。

是join!浪费感情。

join

vtr

To put or bring together so as to make continuous or form a unit:

连接，接合连接或接合使连成一片或成为一体：

join two boards with nails; joined hands in a circle

用钉子把两块板钉在一起；手拉手围成一个圈

To put or bring into close association or relationship:

使结合，缔交使…结合或联合形成密切联系或关系：

were joined by marriage; join forces

结成夫妻；联合武装力量

To connect (points), as with a straight line

连接如用一条直线把（点）连接起来

To meet and merge with:

与…交接或汇合：

where the creek joins the river

小溪与河流的汇合之处

To become a part or member of:

参加，加入成为…的一部分或一成员：

join a club

成为俱乐部的会员

To come into the company of:

和…作伴，相会：

joined the group in the waiting room

和大家在会客室相会

To participate with in an act or activity:

同…一起，共同参与到与…一起的行为或行动中：

The committee joins me in welcoming you

委员会和我一起欢迎你

To adjoin

邻接，毗邻

To engage in; enter into:

从事；进行：

Opposing armies joined battle on the plain

两军在平原上相遇作战

join

vintr

To come together so as to form a connection:

结合会合以便连接在一起：

where the two bones join

两块骨头的接合处

To act together; form an alliance:

联合行动；结成同盟：

The two factions joined to oppose the measure

两个派别联合起来抵制这项措施

To become a member of a group

成为群体中一成员

To take part; participate:

参加；加入：

joined in the search

加入搜索

join

n

A joint; a junction

连接处；接合点

Middle English joinen

中古英语 joinen

fromOld French joindre joign-, join-

源自古法语 joindre joign-, join-

fromLatin iungere

源自拉丁语 iungere

See Also : yeug- In Appendix

join combine unite link connect relate associateThese verbs mean to fasten or affix or become fastened or affixed Joinapplies to the physical contact, connection, or union of at least two separate things and to the coming together of persons, as into a group:

The children joined hands

孩子们拉起手来。

Join the panels of fabric at the selvages

把镶嵌布料沿布边缝合起来。

揓oin the union, girls, and together say Equal Pay for Equal Work Susan B Anthony) Combinesuggests the mixing or merging of components, often for a specific or shared purpose:

“姑娘们，参加工会，一齐要求同工同酬 ”（苏姗·B·安东尼）。<SKW> Combine含有成分的相混合或融合（常常是为特定或共同的目标）的意思：

The cook combined whipped cream, sugar, and vanilla to make a topping for the compote

厨师把掼奶油、糖和香草精混合起来做成果盘的浇汁。

揥hen bad men combine, the good must associateEdmund Burke) Unitestresses the coherence or oneness of the persons or things joined:

“在坏人勾结起来时，好人必须联合起来” （爱德蒙·伯克）。<SKW> Unite侧重于结合起来的人或物的协调性或一致性：

Can strips of plastic be united with epoxy

塑料带可以用环氧树脂黏合起来吗

The attack on their country united squabbling political factions in a common purpose Link and connectimply a firm attachment in which individual components nevertheless retain their identities:

对他们国家的进攻使得互相不和的政治团体为了共同的目标团结起来。<SKW>Link和 connect含有一种牢固的连接或附着的意思，但是其中每一组分仍保留其特性：

linked poverty and unemployment to the social unrest besetting the city

把使城市陷入困境的社会骚乱与贫困失业联系起来。

The chief of police is in no way connected with the scandal Relaterefers to connection of persons through marriage or kinship (

警察局长与丑闻全无关系。<SKW>Relate表示人通过婚姻或亲属关系联系起来(

Though they have the same surname, the two are not even distantly related) or of things through logical association (

虽然他们姓氏相同，这两人却没有任何亲缘关系)或者事物通过逻辑关系联系起来(

The two events seem to be related) Associateusually implies a relationship of persons as partners or allies:

这两个事件似乎有关联)。<SKW> Associate通常表示人和人之间作为搭档或同盟的一种关系：

His daughter is associated with him in the family business It can also refer to a relationship of things that are similar or complementary or that have a connection in one's thoughts:

在家庭事务中他女儿和他是伙伴。它也可表示相类似的、互为补充的、或在某人思想中有关联的事物间的关系：

I can forgive his bluntness because it is associated with a basic kindliness of spirit

我可以原谅他的直言不讳，因为这与一种本质上的内心善良有关

join

中古英语joinen〈古法语 joindre 〈拉丁语 jungere 连接在一起

[dVCIn]

vt, vi

（常与to, together连用）结合；连结

to join the ends of a rope

把绳子的两头结起来

Tie a knot to join those two pieces of rope

打个结，把这两根绳子连上。

This road joins the two villages

这条马路把两个村庄给连接起来了。

使结交；联姻

to join people in marriage

联姻

（与in, for连用）伴；随同；与…一起

Will you join me in a walk

你愿和我一起散步吗？

Will you join us for coffee

你愿意和我们一起去喝咖啡吗？

The section chief will join us for dinner

处长将和我们一起吃晚饭。

参加；加入

to join the Party

入党

He joined the army

他参军了。

Everyone joined in the game

每个人都参加了游戏。

When did he join the cult

他何时成了一名狂热的信徒

（常与with, to连用）联合起来

会合；交接

Where does the path join the road

这条小路在哪里与大路相交？

Where do the two roads join

这两条马路在哪儿会合？

join hands

握手；通力合作

Let us join hands in friendship

让我们携手和好吧。

join in

参加

join up

入伍，参军

（常与with连用）连接

Where do the two roads join up

这两条路在哪儿交汇

join

n

相交点；连接处

There's a join in this piece of material

这块材料上有个连接点。

annex attach clasp combine connect couple fasten link put together unite

detach part separate

join

[dVCIn; dVCin]

连接,“或”;〔联合〕

In relational databases, an operator in relational algebra A join operation on two relations which share a common data item type produces a combined relation with attributes specified in the join operation

在关系数据库中,关系代数用的一种运算符。对共享一个公共数据项类型的两种关系,连接 *** 作产生一种复合的关系,该关系具有连接 *** 作中规定的属性。

join

[dVCin]

vi

结合, 联合, 相遇(to; with)

伴随, 一同

参加, 加入(in; with)

毗连, 接近

从军(up)

join in a game [conversation]

参加游戏[谈话]

Your mother joins with me in congratulating you on your wonderful scholastic attainments

你母亲和我一道祝贺你学业上的巨大成就。

In this point I join with you

这一点我跟你一致。

Our farms join along the river

我们的农场沿河毗连。

He joined up to fight for his motherland

他参军为祖国而战。

join

[dVCin]

vt

接合, 连接, 使结合

参加, 加入, 作(团体等的)成员; 和(某人)作伴

回(原岗位), 归(队)

联合; 使结交, 使联姻

会合, 合流

[口]毗连, 接近

来到, 到达, 上(船, 车, 路等)

a bridge joining the opposite banks of a river

把河两岸连接起来的一座桥

be joined in marriage

结成夫妇

join the household brigade

娶亲, 成婚, 成家

After two days on shore the sailors joined their ship

在岸上呆了两天之后, 水手们又都回到船上。

The brook joins the river

小溪同河流汇合。

His house joins ours

他的家在我们的隔壁。

At the next town, we joined another route

到下一个镇, 我们上了另一条路。

join

[dVCin]

n

连接; 结合; 联合; 加入

接合处[点、线、面], 接缝, 接合程序

并集; 并[焊]接

You can hardly see the join in the coat

你几乎看不出那件外衣的接缝。

joinable

adj

join hand in hand

同心协力

join in

参加(某活动)

和一起(做某事)

join on (to)

加上去, 连上去, 安装在

join oneself to

加入; 归附

join together

把连成一体

join up

参军

把连接起来; 咬合, 接入(电路)

join up with

汇合

join with

和合伙, 和合作; 同情

和交战[接火]

continuous rail joins

(接轨用)鱼尾板

diagonal join

对角线结合点

direct join

直并

mill join

刷卷筒纸接头

picture join

(屏幕录象中)片速帧频差均衡法

reduced join

约化联接

join combine unite connect

都含“联合”、“结合”、“接合”的意思。

join 指“任何事物的直接连接, 连接的程度可紧可松, 还能分开”之意, 如:

The new highway has joined the two cities

新公路把那两个城市连接起来。

combine 着重指“两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同目的而结合在一起, 结合后原来部分可能仍不改变或失去其本性”, 如:

combine milk and water

把水和牛奶混在一起。

unite 强调“紧密地结成一体”, 含“极难分开”之意, 如:

be united as one

团结一致。

connect 语意较 combine 和unite 弱, 指“通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来, 原物的特征还保持”, 如:

A minor road connects the highways

一条小路同几条公路相连。

disjoin disconnect part separate

join

[ dVCin ]

vi参加, 结合, 加入

vt连接, 结合, 参加, 加入

n连接, 结合, 接合点

[计] 用子目录名取代驱动器符

take part in

参加[与]

join in

v参加,加入

attend

[ E5tend ]

vt出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意

vi专心, 留意

造成冷启动困难的原因很多，下面说一下常见的造成冷启动困难的一些因素。

（一） 油路和器械部分

1、汽油压力不够

原因：（1）油路内的止回阀有渗漏，不能保持供油系统内足够启动的压力。

（二）喷油嘴有泄露，不能保持系统压力。

检查和解决办法：外接燃油压力表，重新启动，当压力达到标准后熄火保持4-6小时后查看压力表，如果不能保持正常值说明止回阀、喷油嘴有泄露。

2、汽油泵故障造成启动困难

原因：燃油泵过度磨损，汽油泵即使工作也不能达到启动压力造成启动困难。

检查和解决办法：外接燃油压力表，打开钥匙门使汽油泵工作，压力虽有上升，但达不到规定压力。更换汽油泵。

3、汽油滤清器和汽油泵滤网过脏造成启动困难

原因：由于加入了过脏的汽油或者由于时间过长油箱内沉积的汽油杂质将汽油泵前的那道滤网或汽油滤清器堵死，使燃油无法达到启动压力。

检查和解决办法：（一）更换汽油滤清器；

（二）将汽油泵从油箱内取出查看滤网并做清洗。

4、汽油含水分过多

原因：加入的汽油含水分，由于空气中的水分过多，油箱又没有关闭严实，昼夜温差的影响造成油箱内的湿空气凝结形成水珠沉入油箱内。

检查和解决办法：更换汽油滤芯，清洗油箱。

5、加入乙醇汽油

原因：由于乙醇汽油含有一定的水分，含水过多因素同上，再有乙醇汽油有一定的清洗作用，这样将油箱内壁和管路内壁的油渍和一些杂质冲洗下来，造成油泵滤网或喷油嘴堵塞。

检查和解决办法：清洗油路和油箱，更换无铅汽油。

6、喷油嘴积炭原因：长期积炭造成喷油嘴堵塞，喷油嘴无法正常工作。

检查和解决办法：清洗喷油嘴。

7、进气道积炭

原因：由于长时间低速行驶，使进气道管壁形成一层积炭，当启动时，喷油嘴喷出的燃油被吸附到积炭中，致使混合气过稀造成启动困难。

8、节气门开度过大

原因：由于节气门积炭造成节气门开度过大，使混合气过稀影响正常启动。

检查和解决办法：查看节气门积炭，做必要的清洗和重新匹配节气门。

（二） 电器和启动程序部分

1、温度压力传感器故障

原因：无法提供正常的信号，致使行车电脑不能正确提供启动所需的喷油量，一般冷启动需要较浓的混合气。

检查和解决办法：检查或更换压力温度传感器。

2、温控器故障

原因：无法正常提供正常的信号，致使行车电脑不能正常工作。

检查和解决办法：用5052或511B等检测仪检测，检查故障码，做更换。

3、空气流量计故障

原因：无法正常提供正常的信号，致使行车电脑不能正常工作。

检查和解决办法：用5052或511B等检测仪检测，检查故障码，做更换。

4、点火线圈故障

原因：不能提供正常的高压电点燃火花塞。造成点火不均匀使启动困难。

检查和解决办法：启动后检查某缸的点火线圈是否工作，更换点火线圈。

5、火花塞故障

原因：个别缸的火花塞不工作，造成点火不均匀使启动困难。火花塞间隙过大，造成点火电压过高、阻值过大形成点火困难。

检查和解决办法：启动后检查各缸工作情况，如有缺缸工作更换火花塞检查。

6、氧传感器故障

原因：不能提供给行车电脑正确的信号，致使启动困难。

检查和解决办法：用5052或511B等检测仪检测，检查故障码。做更换处理。

7、三元催化器堵塞

原因：由于使用含铅的汽油和过脏的汽油使三元催化器堵塞，发动机排放阻力增大导致启动困难。

检查和解决办法：做必要的清洗或更换三元催化器。

8、OBD限制

原因：由于有OBD控制尾气污染物排放量，当启动一瞬间尾气值超过排放要求，电脑会自动切断排放过高的那一缸的工作来控制尾气的排放。这样就会造成缺缸启动，启动自然困难。启动后由于发动机一缸不工作还会出现抖动。

检查和解决办法：建议换热值低的火花塞。

一、词义广泛性不一样

join

英 [dʒɒɪn]  美 [dʒɔɪn] 

1、v 参加；结合；连接

2、n 结合；连接；接合点

attend

英 [ə'tend]  美 [ə'tɛnd]

v 出席；参加；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴

二、变形词不一样

join

第三人称单数： joins 现在分词： joining 过去式： joined 过去分词： joined

attend

第三人称单数： attends 现在分词： attending 过去式： attended 过去分词： attended

三、词义辨析不一样

join v 参加，加入

〔辨析〕指加入组织、团体等，也指与他人一同做某事，或去某人那里与其呆在一起或做某事。

〔例证〕He has made up his mind to join the army

他决意去参军。

attend v [正式]参加，出席

〔辨析〕多指出席会议、参加学术活动、听课等。

〔例证〕How many people attended the meeting

多少人出席了会议？

自20世纪60年代，有两股力量的汇合，导致了在1967年的旧bridgesThe崩溃银俄亥俄河大桥之间的西弗吉尼亚州和俄亥俄州，治疗革命，工程师，政治家和许多市民知道有严重缺陷在桥对全国的公共道路。

这种认识导致了一个系统的桥梁检测计划，以监测现有桥梁的条件，在他的文章总结了阿爸利希滕斯坦解释银桥梁和性能的码头设施，杂志之后的联邦发展的崩溃，除了“收养为客户提供检验标准的国家，国会也开始对桥梁检查，康复适当的资金，并更换为许多国家的运输机构和广大公众，更换旧桥“不可能发生的速度不够快。

几乎同时，历史保护正在成为一个更强有力的社会运动，推动与国家历史保护法1966年，这肯定了历史性的详细性能，为保护行为的责任授权联邦政府通过了内政部秘书在实践中，

国家公园服务，以“扩大和维持一个地区的国家登记册，遗址，建筑物，构筑物和对象在美国历史，建筑，考古显着，文化”，并提供如历史悠久的国家公园介绍地产发展有限公司资助服务'

自己的历史“，在具体回应联邦项目，该法第106条所造成的破坏下令联邦机构考虑对国家注册的事业性质的影响，并允许在历史保护咨询委员会评论这种承诺”

同时，提倡保护历史较小但充满激情的群体正在成为历史的桥梁爱好者他们发现，这些桥梁不仅是旧的和破旧，但有很大的历史和有关历史，发展和趋势告诉由于工程在2003年指出追溯，历史桥梁：在风险遗产，

“历史的桥梁也都是最引人注目的公路和土木工程艺术图标”在保护历史桥梁和压力，以取代他们的专业和进行宣传的利益往往是通过第106条解决进程。

绝对没有在线翻译！！是我自己打出来的！！尊重下个人劳动！！给分吧T 3T

草图计划工具

这些工具产生的旅游需求的估计数量级, *** 作,和延迟。他们有时被用于准备初步预算估计或类似。他们可以是简单的查找表或基本设计标准发现在设计或计划宗旨手册。他们被限定在范围、鲁棒性分析和表达能力。

经验性的观察

即使最简单的字段数据收集或观察特定司机习惯可以很长时间来评估一个特定的问题。也许观察当或为什么司机缓慢、产量、合并、或者对一个瓶颈可以帮助提出一项行动计划。也许,一些司机的观察绕过一个瓶颈,通过一个相邻collector-distributor道路或本地网络会导致一个结论。记住,更详细的数据收集或可用,更大的机会使用一种更透彻的分析之后。

方程工具

方程分析程序工具包含一个是静态的,封闭的。在这样的情况下,分析师将输入数的输入模型,该工具将产生奇异输出提供了信息预期 *** 作条件对该基金的;也就是说,具体问题”在“将呈现特定答案”,“如果你将。从这些工具的数据输出可以包括洛杉矶设施”(延迟、速度、密度)。这样的工具是简单的;该工具的输出通常不回馈到这个模型作为新的投入,而是运行新方程。相同的输入总是会产生相同的输出;随机变化不占。方程的例子包括公路通行能力的工具软件(HCS)和锡德拉湾(软件的评估与设计环形路)。

方程工具非常适合本地化研究领域,就像一个单一的十字路口或者公路段。方程的工具也适用于快速上手的初步分析,可能导致或一个保证未来,更详细的分析。

确定性工具

确定性工具从不同的方程,确定工具的工具可以超越提供信息的交通条件上现有的工具,它可以帮助分析公司经营、信号实时组件。确定性工具也封闭和构造;他们不一定使用逻辑,推进,或者重复调查,建立在前一个迭代的结果,直到一个完整的计算机“运行”交付。但在确定性系统,每一个动作或导致产生一个可预测的反应或效果,和每一个反应,反过来,成为后续反应的原因。鉴于HCM有超过30个章节涵盖从车道到高速公路,有几个排位赛部分“确定性”在他们的应用程序。

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