kes是什么意思

KES 意思有多种

知识工程系统（knowledge engineering system ）

韩国电子展(Korea Electronics Show)

肯尼亚先令(Kenia Shilling)。

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在一语的习得中，儿童言语的初始状态为零，其智

商(I Q)情商(EQ)也处于弱干扰状态，因此普遍语法体

系一经激活便畅通无阻的直接作用于儿童的语言系统，

引导儿童在短时间内完成母语的学习。然而，在第二语

言的学习过程中，普遍语法体系(即儿童内在的语言能

力)已经在以母语的参数设定状态运行着，因此由于二

语学习者的非零起点，普遍语法并不完全以参数值设

定——原则体系重启的方式直接介入，而是部分以母语

迁移的形式间接介入中介语。如果说在母语的习得中普

遍语法直接介入语言习得全过程，那么二语习得中普遍

语法则表现为选择性介入，引导中介语向目的语趋势。

1冲介语中普遍语法的间接介入(Indirect Access)

由于学习者是在一语参数设定的基础上习得二语

的，又因为普遍语法的普遍性(即对任何语言的包容

性)，因此在二语习得中部分普遍语法可以通过母语的

迁移在二语中间接得以延伸，当然这种间接通过母语参

数的挥的作用有其正面和负面两种影响。会使二语学习

者的中介语趋向于不同的发展状态。

原则——参数模式中的参数是一个变量，同一个参

数在不同的语言中可能呈现出不同的“值”或“参数设

定”(parameter s etting)。当一语和二语中存在参数

值设定相同的共有原则时，这部分原则便会通过母语正

迁移间接延伸至中介语。当一语和二语中共有原则参数

值设定不同时，这部分原则会被负迁移至中介语，即这

部分原则在中介语初始状态中继续表现为一语的参数

表征。

例如，英语就句法结构来讲属于形合，即其子旬要

通过关联词的连接来表示相互的关系，因此多见复合旬

和复杂旬。而汉语属于意合，是通过动词来表示相互关

系的，因此多见简单句。在以汉语为母语的英语学习者

的中介语中常会出现学习者对简单旬的过度使用，虽然

合乎语法但有失地道。再如，汉语属于代词参数省略语

(pro-drop parameter)，因此在汉语中多见主语省略

旬，在有字数限制的诗句中尤为明显，而英语则相反，属

于非代词参数省略语(non-pro-drop paramet er)，不允

许主语的省略，即使在主语累赘需后置的情况下也应有

形式主语填补空缺。牛津大学教授大卫•霍克斯(Dvi

In the words of the acquisition, the language of children's initial state is zero, the chi

Business (IQ) emotional quotient (EQ) are also in a weak state interference, the universal grammar -

Upon activation system will be free of a direct role in children's language system

To guide children in a short time to learn their mother tongue. However, in the second language

Introduction of the learning process, the system of universal grammar (that is inherent in children's language to

Li) has been in the mother tongue in order to set the parameters of a state run, the result of the Second

Non-beginners language learners, universal grammar is not entirely in order to set parameters

Set - the principle of the system to restart direct intervention, but part of the mother tongue

Migration in the form of indirect involvement of an intermediary language. If the acquisition in the mother tongue in S &P

Syntax directly over the entire process involved in language acquisition, the SLA in general

Grammar is for the performance of selective intervention, inter-language guide to trends in the target language.

1 red-mediated language in the indirect involvement of Universal Grammar (Indirect Access)

As the learners in the phrase set the parameters on the basis of Second Language Acquisition

, And also because of the universality of universal grammar (that is, in any language on tolerance

), In second language acquisition in part through the universal grammar of the mother tongue

Migration in indirect language to be extended, of course, this indirect participation through the mother tongue

Play the role of the number of its positive and negative effects of the two. Second Language Learning will

The Inter-language tend to a different state of development.

Principle - the parameters of the model parameter is a variable, with a reference

In several different languages may be showing a different "value" or "set up parameters

Set "(parameter s etting). When a second language and the language of the existence of parameters

Set a total value of the same principles, which will be part of the adoption of the principle of mother-tongue is

Indirect transfer to an extension of Interlanguage. When a second language and the language of the principle of a total of parameters

At the same time, do not set the value, which will be part of the principle of Inter-language relocated to negative, that this

In some of the principles of inter-language performance of the initial state to continue for the parameters of the phrase

Characterization.

For example, on the syntactic structure of the English-speaking, belong together, that is, its year-to -

Related to connect through words to express the relationship between each other, the compound found ten days

And complexity of the ten days. The Chinese belong to Italy together, through the verb to express inter-related

Department, so often a simple sentence. In the Chinese-speaking English learners

Central Standing Committee of the Inter-language learners appear on year-over-simple to use, although

However, in line with the grammar being authentic. Another example, the parameters of Chinese belong to the pronoun omitted language

(pro-drop parameter), mostly in the Chinese subject omitted

Ten days, there are restrictions on the number of words in the verse is particularly evident, and English, on the contrary, an

On the parameters of non-pronoun omitted language (non-pro-drop paramet er), refused to

Xu omitted the subject, even if the subject in the cumbersome need to post the case should also be

Subject in the form to fill the vacancy. • Oxford University Professor David Hawkes (Dvi

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