由美国近年来高发的校园q击案,谈谈对美国公民持q合法性的看法

由美国近年来高发的校园q击案,谈谈对美国公民持q合法性的看法 The United States constitution, which was written over two hundred years ago, enshrines an individual's right to keep and bear arms.
In 2000, the FBI estimated that 66% of the 15,517 murders that year were committed with firearms.
Fatal shootings in recent years, many involving teenagers, has made the issue of gun control a key debate in US politics.
The United States has the largest number of guns in private hands of any country in the world with 60 million people owning a combined arsenal of over 200 million firearms.
The US constitution, which was written in 1787, enshrines the people's right to keep and bear arms in its Second Amendment.
It reads: 'A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.'
Although guns are permitted everywhere, the laws governing gun use vary considerably from state to state.
Gun Control, Not Prohibition
Amending the Constitution to prohibit guns is rarely discussed as many Americans view the right to bear arms as an important civil liberty.
Instead, the issue is whether or not it is lawful to impose stricter controls on gun usage.
Proposed gun control legislation has concerned child-proof locks, background checks on gun purchasers, the outlawing of some types of assault weapons and, most recently, the creation of a nationwide database of ballistic fingerprints in order to track the movement of the nation's guns.
American opinion is divided between those who insist on the universal right to bear arms and those who advocate stricter controls.
The influential firearms lobby, headed by the National Rifle Association （NRA）, believes gun ownership to be a personal and moral right and dismisses the link between gun ownership and high gun violence with its slogan 'Guns don't kill people, people kill people.'
Advocates of firearm control argue that the Second Amendment is anachronistic belonging to the long-gone days of the frontier. They point to the high levels of gun-related murder and violent crime in the US to stress the need for reform.
The issue of removing the number of guns that are already in circulation is rarely discussed.
More Controls
In the past decade, public opinion has been gradually moved in favour of stricter gun control laws. In January 2001, 59% of the respondents in an ABC News/Washington Post survey said they favoured stricter gun control laws.
After the horrific events in 1999 at Columbine High School in Colorado when two students shot dead 13 fellow students and each other, polls showed that two-thirds of Americans supported greater gun control measures. Moreover, 15 state legislatures passed significant gun control bills.
The case of the Washington Sniper, who terrorised the suburbs of the nation's capital in late 2002 in a month-long shooting spree, killing 10 people and seriously wounding three, swiftly brought the issue of gun control onto the table once again.
However, any new gun control legislation that comes before the Congress is sure to be vetoed by President George W. Bush, who is a long-time ally of the NRA.
While he was governor of Texas, the President signed laws making it legal to carry concealed weapons and difficult for citizens to sue gun manufacturers.
美国弗吉尼亚理工大学特大q击惨案将持q合法的问题再次纳入人们的视野。有媒体讽刺说，这不是什么新闻，不过是把过去的数字改了一下而已。据统计，1998年以来，美国校园q击案就有8起，但是这都没有改变美国的持q政策，弗吉尼亚惨案后白宫仍然表态不会收紧q支管理。
有报道显示，美国的q支拥有量在2亿3千8百万支到2亿7千6百万支之间，几乎人均一支q。粗看来，这近乎不可思议，危机四伏。但是并不能说美国因此相当混乱，q击案的数量尽管跟q支拥有量有关，它也同公民素质、社会稳定度、福利等多方面因素相关。
美国的持q合法是写在宪法中的。美国宪法第二修正案中写道：“管理良好的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需，人民持有和携带武器的权利不得侵犯。”说到底，美国的合法持q政策最根本在于认可了人民暴力推翻政府的权力。在美国民众看来，政府与人民是对立的，政府的权力空间扩大意味着民众权利的压缩。那么如果政府屡屡如此，如果人民无法用非暴力手段获得自由与权利，可以拿起手中的武器推翻它。这样的宪法条例不得不让人肃然起敬。但同时，我也怀疑其实施初衷到底能够实现几分？
是否只有持q才可以保障公民的这些权利？可以合法持q是不是就一定能保障这些权利呢？报道称，允许公民持q的国家，警察武器的配置会比公民可以买到的q性能各方面都好，以保障警察的安全，可见即便动用起暴力，公民也是处于弱势的。更不要说警察、军队训练有素，而普通民众即使是民兵又有多少可以达到这个层次。此外，在一个真正的法制国家，手q保障公民合法权益不受侵犯，绝大多数只能在正当防卫的情况下，诚然这确实是为公民的安全提供了保障系数。但是另一方面，防卫者可以合法持q，侵犯者也是可以持q的。如此一来，防卫性的效果必然大大折扣，恐怕更坏的是蓄谋的侵犯者屡屡持q得逞，而防卫者恰好未持q或者来不及开q。比如被刺杀的肯尼迪，又如此次的弗吉尼亚惨案一样，32名受害者毫无还手之力而被屠杀。自由的代7a64e59b9ee7ad9431333236396462价是惨痛的，无怪乎裴多菲说“生命诚可贵，爱情价更高。若为自由故，二者皆可抛”。美国人民在每次的q支管理问题上激烈辩论，最终仍然保留着制宪者的初衷，这真是一个珍视自由的国度，愿意为自由承担一次次惨痛的代价。自由女神是美国自由民主精神的象征，那么q支管理更是这个国家自由民主的最真实实践，一次次鲜血的实践。
尽管我这样的局外人认为这样的实践并没有太大的意义，尽管我认为这也是如自由女神般的象征，但是尊重他们的选择吧。