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A current limiting breaker is based upon fast acting switches. Such a breaker can use power semiconductors such as IGBTs or IGCTs, and can detect a fault and switch off in microseconds. This enables current to be limited to low levels, thereby limiting the fault energy that must be dissipated by the breaker or in the system. A basic IGBT based solid state AC breaker arrangement is shown in Fig. 8. Using two poles results in a bi-directional DC circuit breaker.

Fig. 8. IGBT based AC circuit breaker An IGBT (or IGCT) based breaker will have higher losses that an SCR breaker since it has two series semiconductor drops. A low loss hybrid version of circuit of Fig. 8 is possible by adding bypass contacts across the IGBT switches.

电流限制断路器建立在快动作开关的基础上。此类断路器可以使用如IGBT 或 IGCT 功率半导体，可以在几个微秒之内检测出电路故障及开关关闭。这样电流就能被限制在低电平，从而限制由断路器或是在系统中耗散的漏电电能。以基本的IGBT为基础的固态交流断路器布置图，如图8所示。使用两个电极将导致双流向直流断路器，如图8所示，以IGBT为基础的交流断路器。以IGBT（或IGCT）为基础的断路器较之SCR可控硅断路器将产生更高的损耗，这是因为前者有两个串联的半导体传输线。若通过穿过IGBT开关增加分路连接，如图8所示的低损耗混合型电路模式也可成为现实。

To retain the benefit of solid state current limiting, the contacts must open extremely quickly for a fault. Such devices have been demonstrated [7] where high energy mechanisms were employed to obtain fast contact opening. Current limiting requires a counter voltage be developed across the active switches (e.g. using a voltage “clamp”).

为保持固态电流限制的优势，对电路故障点连接必须以极快的速度迅速开启。此类仪器已经证明，人们可采用高能机械装置以保持快速连接开启。电流限制要求反电压须穿过工作中的开关（如使用电压钳）。

In traditional breakers this is accomplished using arc chutes, though not very quickly. For a solid state solution, this is achievable using passive components such as capacitors, Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs), switched resistors, etc.

在传统的断路器中，这是通过使用电弧隔板来完成的，尽管不是非常迅速。对于固态解决方案，可通过无源元件来完成，如电容器，金属氧化物变阻器（MOVs），交换式电阻器等。

The clamp circuit can take many forms. A clamp directly across each switch (as in Fig. 8) most closely resembles a traditional breaker (with arc structure). Note that if the clamp is a simple R-C snubber type with no initial capacitor voltage, reduced current limiting will occur since the capacitor allows current to increase as it is charging. A small value capacitor with parallel MOV would prevent a current increase after switch turn off.

箝位电路有很多种形式。直接穿过每个开关（如图8所示）夹钳类似于传统的（弧形结构的）断路器。请注意，若夹钳是一个简单的无初始电容电压的R-C减震器型，将产生降低的电流限制，这是因为充电时电容器允许电流增加。在开关关闭之后，带有并联的金属氧化物变阻器的小额电容器可阻止电流增加。

A bus clamp arrangement as shown in Fig. 9 has the benefit of allowing the source side clamp to be shared among multiple breakers within a switchboard. This relies on the probability that not all breakers will see a simultaneous worst case fault, and the source inductance is common to all breakers – i.e. one source - one clamp.

母线夹布置图如图9所示，具有在同一个配电板内允许源端沟道可被多级断路器共享使用的优势。这一优势成为可能则取决于并非所有的断路器都面临同步的最糟糕的电路故障，且电感对所有的断路器都很普遍，如一个源端对一个夹钳。

Fig. 9. Solid state circuit breaker with bus clamps

For a DC application, the load side clamp could become a simple free wheel diode. A consequence of this is a long current decay time for inductive loads. If the DC breaker does not require bi-directional control, then the breaker can be reduced to the arrangement shown in Fig. 10.

如图9所示 带有母线夹的固态断路器

对于直流电应用，负荷端夹钳应成为一个简单的活轮二极管。结果之一即是对电感负荷的长时间的电流衰减时间。若直流断路器不要求双流向控制，则断路器可依照如图10所示的布置图进行删减。

Fig. 10. Unidirectional IGBT based DC circuit breaker

A novel bus clamping arrangement is shown in Fig. 11. Here a single clamp is used to service a number of breakers, providing both source and load side voltage clamping and energy absorption. This clamp is similar to that employed in matrix converters [8]. By removing a pole (or phase) the same approach can be used for a DC switchboard, offering a “Universal” topology.

图10 以单向IGBT为基础的直流断路器

新型的母线夹布置图如图11所示。此处使用单一的夹钳服务于数个断路器，并提供源端沟道和负荷端电压箝位及能量吸收。该夹钳类似于矩阵变换器[8]中使用的夹钳。通过移除一个基点（或相位），在直流配电板上可以采用同样的方法，即提供了一个“通用的”拓扑结构。

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