c – 实例化后模板的专业化？

概述我的完整代码太长了,但这里的代码片段将反映我的问题的本质： class BPCFGParser { public: ... ... class Edge { ... ... }; class ActiveEquivClass { ... ... }; class PassiveEquivClass { ... 我的完整代码太长了,但这里的代码片段将反映我的问题的本质：

class BPCFGParser {  public:  ...  ...  class Edge {    ...    ...  };  class ActiveEquivClass {    ...    ...  };  class PassiveEquivClass {    ...    ...  };  struct EqActiveEquivClass {    ...    ...  };  struct EqPassiveEquivClass {    ...    ...  };  unordered_map<ActiveEquivClass,Edge *,hash<ActiveEquivClass>,EqActiveEquivClass> discovered_active_edges;  unordered_map<PassiveEquivClass,hash<PassiveEquivClass>,EqPassiveEquivClass> discovered_passive_edges;};namespace std {template <>class hash<BPCFGParser::ActiveEquivClass>{    public:        size_t operator()(const BPCFGParser::ActiveEquivClass & aec) const {        }};template <>class hash<BPCFGParser::PassiveEquivClass>{    public:        size_t operator()(const BPCFGParser::PassiveEquivClass & pec) const {        }};}

当我编译此代码时,我收到以下错误：

In file included from BPCFGParser.cpp:3,from experiments.cpp:2:BPCFGParser.h:408: error: specialization of ‘std::hash<BPCFGParser::ActiveEquivClass>’     after instantiationBPCFGParser.h:408: error: redeFinition of ‘class                 std::hash<BPCFGParser::ActiveEquivClass>’/usr/include/c++/4.3/tr1_impl/functional_hash.h:44: error: prevIoUs deFinition of     ‘class std::hash<BPCFGParser::ActiveEquivClass>’BPCFGParser.h:445: error: specialization of     ‘std::hash<BPCFGParser::PassiveEquivClass>’ after instantiationBPCFGParser.h:445: error: redeFinition of ‘class std::hash<BPCFGParser::PassiveEquivClass>’/usr/include/c++/4.3/tr1_impl/functional_hash.h:44: error: prevIoUs deFinition of     ‘class std::hash<BPCFGParser::PassiveEquivClass>’

现在我必须为这些类专门化std :: hash(因为标准的std :: hash定义不包括用户定义的类型).当我在BPCFGParser类的定义之前移动这些模板特化时,我会尝试各种各样的错误,并在某处(http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/misc-technical-issues.html)我读到：

Whenever you use a class as a template parameter,the declaration of that class must be complete and not simply forward declared.

所以我被卡住了.我不能在BPCFGParser定义之后专门化模板,我不能在BPCFGParser定义之前专门化它们,我怎么能得到这个呢？

You need to move the specialization into an inner class insIDe of BPCFGParser. Doing so meets both requirements.

非常感谢你的答案:)

哈希类在命名空间std中定义.它不允许我在非命名空间范围内专门化哈希模板.甚至如下：

template <>  class std::hash<ActiveEquivClass> {...

不工作.但是当我用命名空间std {}括起特化时,它会给出奇怪的错误：

In file included from BPCFGParser.cpp:3,from experiments.cpp:2:BPCFGParser.h:225: error: expected unqualifIEd-ID before ‘namespace’experiments.cpp:7: error: expected `}' at end of inputBPCFGParser.h:222: error: expected unqualifIEd-ID at end of input

在velocityreviews给出的答案中,有人声称命名空间不能在类中定义.所以我仍然被困住了.

解决方法 您需要将专门化移动到BPCFGParser内部的内部类中.这样做符合这两个要求

>专业化是在ActiveEquivClass的完整定义之后
>在使用专业化之前

例：

class BPCFGParser {  class ActiveEquivClass {    ...  };  template <>  class hash<ActiveEquivClass> {     public:        size_t operator()(const BPCFGParser::ActiveEquivClass & aec) const {        }  };  ...  unordered_map<ActiveEquivClass,EqActiveEquivClass> discovered_active_edges;};

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