Python开发股票量化系统从入门到放弃（二）

本期目录

• 
  

  二、开发准备

• 1. 确定开发目标
• 2. 确认系统结构
• 2. 选择开发语言
• 3. 选择开发环境
• 4. 选择数据库
• 5. 选择界面组件
• • - 安装PyQt5-tools，失败
  • - 为什么安装PyQt失败
  • - 重新安装PyQt5-tools，成功
  • - Vscode配置PyQt5
• 6. 结论

二、开发准备 1. 确定开发目标

接前言，已经确认开发一个个人阉割版的股票量化系统，那么需要确认一些问题：

• 系统结构
• 开发语言
• 开发环境
• 数据库
• 开发界面

2. 确认系统结构

我知道的系统结构，无外乎C/S、B/S、存粹的C。

我知道一定还有其它系统结构，我是小白我怕谁

首先尽可能简单，而且只有一个用户，那么B/S结构没有必要。

那么PC端开发，需要一个服务端吗？

需要吗？不需要吗？我就是研究一下，真的需要吗？

说实话，还真的需要一个服务端，如果：

• 需要程序定时运行某些功能
• 脏活累活得有人来做，服务端来做正合适
• C/S毕竟比较得瑟

所以，系统结构目标是C/S结构，先实现全部功能，然后再拆分客户端和服务端。

2. 选择开发语言

开发C/S结构，很多开发语言都可以选择，无外乎：

• C++/C#，大概率需要Visual Studio支持，只是开发一个小功能，没必要，pass
• Java，好像也得JDK支持，还不够麻烦的
• PHP，是个选择
• Python，也是个选择

看了一下PHP和Python比较，最后选择Python，具体理由就是没有理由。

最新版Python 3.10.4走起。

3. 选择开发环境

10个超好用的【Python集成开发环境】推荐

推荐一：PyCharm
推荐二：Vim
推荐三：Eclipse with PyDev
推荐四：Sublime Text
推荐五：Visual Studio Code
推荐六： Atom
推荐七： Emacs
推荐八：Spyder
推荐九：Thonny
推荐十： Wing

最后选择 Visual Studio Code，没有理由。

下载，安装。

VSCode安装Python拓展包，网上到处都有

4. 选择数据库

沪深交易的A股有4500多支，记录从2010年到今天，大约12年，每年交易200天，估算数据量是：

450012200 = 10,800,000条

数据大约是1千万数量级，不大不小。

数据存储无外乎两种方式：

• 文件存储
• 数据库存储

文件存储存成一个文件不合理，所以需要一个股票一个文件，不利于查找定位，pass。

那就只能使用数据库存储，几种选择：

• Python自带的Sqlite3
• 安装MySQL等SQL软件
• 安装NoSQL等NOSQL软件

查了一下Sqlite的性能，支持几千万条记录，数据库性能还可以，就它了。

选择Sqlite自己给自己挖了好几个坑

还得在VSCode里面安装Sqlite扩展包

5. 选择界面组件

潜意思里面，软件总需要一个软件界面。

Tkinter是python自带的gui界面工具，做出来的东西感觉吧，我还是试试别的吧。

最后选择QT5。

按照网上的安装PyQT教程，开始安装。

- 安装PyQt5-tools，失败

首先安装PyQt5

pip3 install PyQt5

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting PyQt5
  Using cached PyQt5-5.15.6-cp36-abi3-win_amd64.whl (6.7 MB)
Collecting PyQt5-Qt5>=5.15.2
  Using cached PyQt5_Qt5-5.15.2-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (50.1 MB)
Collecting PyQt5-sip<13,>=12.8
  Downloading PyQt5_sip-12.9.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (77 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 77.7/77.7 KB 392.1 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: PyQt5-Qt5, PyQt5-sip, PyQt5
  WARNING: The scripts pylupdate5.exe, pyrcc5.exe and pyuic5.exe are installed in 'C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\Scripts' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed PyQt5-5.15.6 PyQt5-Qt5-5.15.2 PyQt5-sip-12.9.1

成功了！（成功不是应该的吗！？）

然后安装PyQt5-tools

pip install PyQt5-tools

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting PyQt5-tools
  Using cached pyqt5_tools-5.15.4.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (29 kB)
Collecting python-dotenv
  Downloading python_dotenv-0.20.0-py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting pyqt5==5.15.4
  Downloading PyQt5-5.15.4.tar.gz (3.3 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 3.3/3.3 MB 655.7 kB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [29 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Program Files\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 156, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
          hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
      AttributeError: module 'sipbuild.api' has no attribute 'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel'

      During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Program Files\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 363, in 
          main()
        File "C:\Program Files\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 345, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "C:\Program Files\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 160, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
          whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
        File "C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-4v39tqor\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\api.py", line 51, in build_wheel
          project = AbstractProject.bootstrap('pep517')
        File "C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-4v39tqor\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\abstract_project.py", line 83, in bootstrap
          project.setup(pyproject, tool, tool_description)
        File "C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-4v39tqor\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\project.py", line 594, in setup
          self.apply_user_defaults(tool)
        File "C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ntabtr7u\pyqt5_c299f0f11fb446cea953108a4de227fd\project.py", line 63, in apply_user_defaults
          super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
        File "C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-4v39tqor\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pyqtbuild\project.py", line 70, in apply_user_defaults
          super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
        File "C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-4v39tqor\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\project.py", line 241, in apply_user_defaults
          self.builder.apply_user_defaults(tool)
        File "C:\Users\huzc\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-4v39tqor\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pyqtbuild\builder.py", line 67, in apply_user_defaults
          raise PyProjectOptionException('qmake',
      sipbuild.pyproject.PyProjectOptionException
      [end of output]

出错了！

- 为什么安装PyQt失败

找到错误代码，AttributeError: module ‘sipbuild.api’ has no attribute ‘prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel’ ，在网上查找。

首选答案是

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65447314/attributeerror-module-sipbuild-api-has-no-attribute-prepare-metadata-for-bui

看了一下，没什么用。

自己找。

去PyQt5上看看

版本没错啊。

等等，Released: Mar 10,2021，2021年3月发行。

看看Python呢

Python 3.10 开始发行时间2021年10月。

有没有可能QT5现在不支持Python3.10？！

- 重新安装PyQt5-tools，成功

说干就干，卸载Python 3.10，安装Python 3.9.10

第一次放弃！

安装后运行

python

Python 3.9.10 (tags/v3.9.10:f2f3f53, Jan 17 2022, 15:14:21) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

pip install PyQt5

Collecting PyQt5
  Using cached PyQt5-5.15.6-cp36-abi3-win_amd64.whl (6.7 MB)
Collecting PyQt5-Qt5>=5.15.2
  Using cached PyQt5_Qt5-5.15.2-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (50.1 MB)
Collecting PyQt5-sip<13,>=12.8
  Using cached PyQt5_sip-12.9.1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl (77 kB)
Installing collected packages: PyQt5-sip, PyQt5-Qt5, PyQt5
Successfully installed PyQt5-5.15.6 PyQt5-Qt5-5.15.2 PyQt5-sip-12.9.1
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.4; however, version 22.0.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'D:\Python\Python39\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

Requirement already satisfied: pip in d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages (21.2.4)
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-22.0.4-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 21.2.4
    Uninstalling pip-21.2.4:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-21.2.4
Successfully installed pip-22.0.4

pip install PyQt5-tools

Collecting PyQt5-tools
  Using cached pyqt5_tools-5.15.4.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (29 kB)
Collecting pyqt5==5.15.4
  Using cached PyQt5-5.15.4-cp36.cp37.cp38.cp39-none-win_amd64.whl (6.8 MB)
Collecting click
  Downloading click-8.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (96 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 96.6/96.6 KB 461.7 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting python-dotenv
  Using cached python_dotenv-0.20.0-py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting pyqt5-plugins<5.15.4.3,>=5.15.4.2.2
  Using cached pyqt5_plugins-5.15.4.2.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl (67 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5-sip<13,>=12.8 in d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from pyqt5==5.15.4->PyQt5-tools) (12.9.1)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5-Qt5>=5.15 in d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from pyqt5==5.15.4->PyQt5-tools) (5.15.2)
Collecting qt5-tools<5.15.2.2,>=5.15.2.1.2
  Using cached qt5_tools-5.15.2.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting colorama
  Using cached colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting click
  Using cached click-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Collecting qt5-applications<5.15.2.3,>=5.15.2.2.2
  Using cached qt5_applications-5.15.2.2.2-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (60.9 MB)
Installing collected packages: qt5-applications, python-dotenv, pyqt5, click, qt5-tools, pyqt5-plugins, PyQt5-tools
  Attempting uninstall: pyqt5
    Found existing installation: PyQt5 5.15.6
    Uninstalling PyQt5-5.15.6:
      Successfully uninstalled PyQt5-5.15.6
Successfully installed PyQt5-tools-5.15.4.3.2 click-7.1.2 pyqt5-5.15.4 pyqt5-plugins-5.15.4.2.2 python-dotenv-0.20.0 qt5-applications-5.15.2.2.2 qt5-tools-5.15.2.1.2

安装成功

- Vscode配置PyQt5

一如既往的，安装PYQT Integration扩展包

设置参数

鼠标右键

里面有 PYQT:New Form，点开试试

应该能运行，以后再用吧。

其实，我第一次配置QTdesigner地址错误，开始多了一个空格

6. 结论

终于开发环境配置完了，一句话，该怂就怂。