ArrayList动态扩容

ArrayListJDK1.7源码内容

public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
        implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;

    /**
     * Default initial capacity.
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
     */
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
     * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
     * first element is added.
     */
    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;
    
    
    public ArrayList() {
    this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}

从这些arraylist可以得知 ArrayList的的本质是一个数组，直接new出来的默认是个空数组

public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
    if (initialCapacity > 0) {
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
        this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                           initialCapacity);
    }
}

从这个构造方法可以得知，ArrayList可以指定对应的大小

public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
    if (initialCapacity > 0) {
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
        this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                           initialCapacity);
    }
}

这里源码可以知道ArrayList指定大小

public void trimToSize() {
    modCount++;
    if (size < elementData.length) {
        elementData = (size == 0)
          ? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
          : Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
    }
}

将ArrayList的实际容量调整为实际元素总个数大小，原是数组容量大小（内存优化方法）

ArrayList动态扩容

在外面数组的认知中，想要使用数组就一定要有指定固定大小，但是我们在使用ArrayList，发现是可以不用指定容器大小，随意添加对应内容不用关心容器大小，这是怎么实现的呢，今天我们从JDK源码中一探究竟。

首先咱们先来到add函数

public boolean add(E e) {
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
    elementData[size++] = e;
    return true;
}

发现ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);这个函数确保容器大小可以添加元素

private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    modCount++;

    // overflow-conscious code
    if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
        grow(minCapacity);
}

如果minCapacity大小大于原本的数组大小则执行grow(minCapacity)扩容函数

private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
    // overflow-conscious code
    int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
    //oldCapacity >> 1  == oldCapacity /2  效率更高 
    int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
    if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
        newCapacity = minCapacity;
    if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
        newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
    // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
    elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}

private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
        throw new OutOfMemoryError();
    return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
        Integer.MAX_VALUE :
        MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}

扩容函数中我们发现执行的顺序是获得当前数组size的1.5倍，所以我们知道了是扩容1.5倍，如果当前minCapacity大于1.5被的size直接用minCapacity为最新的size，如果newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0则用hugeCapacity(minCapacity)函数判断是Integer.MAX_VALUE当size还是Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8当size，可知道arraylist最大的大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE。