英语学习资料：情人节的起源和习俗

In the third century, the Roman empire suffered from a general crisis, economic decline, the corruption of the ruling class, social unrest and people's resistance

（公元3世纪，罗马帝国出现全面危机，经济凋敝，统治阶级腐败，社会动荡不安，人民纷纷反抗。）

In order to maintain their rule, the noble class brutally suppressed the people and christians There was a Christian, valentine, who was put into prison

（贵族阶级为维护其统治，残暴镇压民众和基督教徒。是时有一位教徒瓦伦丁，被捕入狱。）

In prison, he touched the warden's daughter with his open heart

（在狱中，他以坦诚之心打动了典狱长的女儿。）

They loved each other and were taken care of by the warden's daughter The ruling class ordered his execution

（他们相互爱慕，并得到典狱长女儿的照顾。统治阶级下令将他执行死刑。）

Before his execution, he wrote a long suicide note to the warden's daughter, stating that he was innocent

（在临刑前，他给典狱长女儿写了一封长长的遗书，表明自己是无罪的。）

It showed his open and aboveboard feelings and his deep attachment to the gaoler's daughter

（表明他光明磊落的心迹和对典狱长女儿深深眷恋。）

On February 14, 270, he was executed

（公元270年2月14日，他被处死刑。）

Later, christians sacrifice themselves for justice and pure love in order to commemorate valentine

（后来，基督教徒为了纪念瓦伦丁为正义、为纯洁的爱而牺牲自己。）

Will be executed on this day as "st valentine's day," later changed to "valentine's day"

（将临刑的这一天定为“圣瓦伦节”，后人又改成“情人节”。）

The origin of Saint Valentine's Day （“情人节的由来” 英语）Love is in the air and the flowers are on their way 为什么把玫瑰花香弥漫的那天叫Valentine's Day？February has long been a month of romance With the sweet smell of roses in the air, romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines二月作为浪漫的月份由来已久。在这个时节，空气中弥漫着玫瑰花的芳香，影院里放映浪漫的**，而爱情故事充斥了各种报纸和杂志。On the 14th day, it is customary for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner, buy her flowers and chocolates, write poems, sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals!在2月14日这一天，男孩通常都要邀请女朋友共赴正餐。除此之外，男孩还要为女朋友买花和巧克力，为她写诗，为她歌唱，甚至还要用玫瑰花瓣拼出女孩的名字。This is the scene that greets you on Valentine's Day, named after Valentine who was a priest in third century Rome When the emperor decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives, he banned marriage映入你眼帘的这幕情景就是情人节。情人节又名瓦伦丁节，是以公元三世纪一名罗马牧师的名字命名的。当时的罗马皇帝认为单身男人比有老婆的男人更适合当兵打仗，于是他下令禁止结婚。But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret When his actions were discovered, the emperor had him put to death　但是瓦伦丁继续秘密地为年轻的爱人们举行结婚仪式。当他的行为被发现后，皇帝判处瓦伦丁死刑。While in prison, it is said that Valentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard Before his death, he wrote her a letter, which he signed "From your Valentine", an expression that is still in use today据说在狱中，瓦伦丁与狱卒的女儿坠入爱河。临死前，瓦伦丁给她写了一封信，信中他签上了“来自你的瓦伦丁”。这一措辞沿用至今。Valentine died for what he believed in and so was made a Saint, as well as becoming one of history's most romantic figures瓦伦丁为他的信仰而牺牲，因而被奉为圣徒，并且成为历史上最浪漫的人物之一。

Every February 14, across the United States and in other places around the world, candy, flowers and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St Valentine But who is this mysterious saint, and where did these traditions e from Find out about the history of this centuries-old holiday, from ancient Roman rituals to the customs of Victorian England

每年2月14日，在美国和全世界其他地方，爱人们都会以圣瓦伦丁的名义互赠糖果、鲜花和礼物。但是这个神秘的圣人到底是谁？这些习俗又是从哪儿冒出来的？本文从古罗马礼仪探索到了英国维多利亚女王时代的习俗，寻找到了关于这个古老节日的历史。

The Legend of St Valentine

一、圣人瓦伦丁的传说。

The history of Valentine’s Day–and the story of its patron saint–is shrouded in mystery We do know that February has long been celebrated as a month of romance, and that St Valentine’s Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition But who was Saint Valentine, and how did he bee associated with this ancient rite

情人节的历史、以及其背后那位圣人的故事一直迷雾重重。我们知道二月份一直都是一个庆祝爱情的月份，而情人节，正如我们今天所知道的，包含了基督教和古罗马传统两者的痕迹。但是圣瓦伦丁究竟是谁？他是怎么和这个古老节日联系在一起的？

The Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret When Valentine’s actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death

今天，罗马天主教认为至少有三个叫做瓦伦丁或者瓦伦丁诺斯的圣徒为教义献身了。有一个传说认为瓦伦丁是公元三世纪一名罗马牧师。当时罗马皇帝克劳狄二世禁止年轻男子结婚，因为他认为未婚男子可以成为比有家室男子更加优良的士兵。瓦伦丁意识到了这项法令的不公，于是违反克劳狄二世的命令，继续秘密地为年轻情侣主持婚礼。当瓦伦丁的行为被发现之后，克劳狄二世下令将他处死。

Origins of Valentine’s Day: A Pagan Festival in February

二、情人节的起源：一个2月份的异教徒节日。

While some believe that Valentine’s Day is celebrated in the middle of February to memorate the anniversary of Valentine’s death or burial–which probably occurred around AD 270–others claim that the Christian church may have decided to place St Valentine’s feast day in the middle of February in an effort to “Christianize” the pagan celebration of Lupercalia Celebrated at the ides of February, or February 15, Lupercalia was a fertility festival dedicated to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture, as well as to the Roman founders Romulus and Remus

虽然有人认为2月中旬庆祝情人节是为了纪念瓦伦丁的死或他的葬礼（这大约发生在公元270年左右），但是其他人则表示说这是基督教会有意将圣瓦伦丁的节日安排在2月中旬，目的是为了把异教徒的牧神节“基督教化”。牧神节是一个古罗马生育节，每年2月15日举行，人们会在这一天献祭罗马农神福纳斯、以及罗马的建立者罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯。

To begin the festival, members of the Luperci, an order of Roman priests, would gather at a sacred cave where the infants Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, were believed to have been cared for by a she-wolf or lupa The priests would sacrifice a goat, for fertility, and a dog, for purification They would then strip the goat’s hide into strips, dip them into the sacrificial blood and take to the streets, gently slapping both women and crop fields with the goat hide Far from being fearful, Roman women weled the touch of the hides because it was believed to make them more fertile in the ing year Later in the day, according to legend, all the young women in the city would place their names in a big urn The city’s bachelors would each choose a name and bee paired for the year with his chosen woman These matches often ended in marriage

在庆典开始时，参加牧神节的人们会受罗马祭司命令，聚集在一个神圣的山洞里，人们认为罗马的建立者罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯就是在这个山洞里被一只母狼养大的。祭司会献祭一只山羊祈求生育，献祭一条狗祈求涤罪。然后他们会把山羊皮切成条，蘸上祭品的鲜血后走上街头，用带血的羊皮轻轻拍打妇女和农田。罗马妇女们非但不害怕，还非常欢迎人们用羊皮打自己，因为人们认为这会让妇女们来年更能生育。据传说，在那一天晚些时候，城市里所有年轻女性都会把她们的名字放到一个大瓮里。城里的单身汉们每个人都会选一个名字，和挑到名字的女人成为一年的伴侣。配对的人往往最后都会结婚。

Valentine’s Day: A Day of Romance

三、情人节：一个浪漫的节日。

Lupercalia survived the initial rise of Christianity but was outlawed—as it was deemed “un-Christian”–at the end of the 5th century, when Pope Gelasius declared February 14 St Valentine’s Day It was not until much later, however, that the day became definitively associated with love During the Middle Ages, it was monly believed in France and England that February 14 was the beginning of birds’ mating season, which added to the idea that the middle of Valentine’s Day should be a day for romance

基督教刚刚兴起时牧神节还得以保留了下来，但是在公元5世纪末牧神节被宣布为非法（牧神节被视为“非基督徒”节日），当时教皇拉西厄斯宣布2月14日为圣瓦伦丁节。但是后来隔了不久，这个节日和爱情联系了起来。在中世纪，人们普遍认为法国和英国鸟儿交配季从2月14日开始，这也增强了人们有关圣瓦伦丁节应该是一个有关爱情的节日这一想法。

Typical Valentine’s Day Greetings

四、经典的情人节问候。

In addition to the United States, Valentine’s Day is celebrated in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, France and Australia In Great Britain, Valentine’s Day began to be popularly celebrated around the 17th century By the middle of the 18th, it was mon for friends and lovers of all social classes to exchange all tokens of affection or handwritten notes, and by 1900 printed cards began to replace written letters due to improvements in printing technology Ready-made cards were an easy way for people to express their emotions in a time when direct expression of one’s feelings was discouraged Cheaper postage rates also contributed to an increase in the popularity of sending Valentine’s Day greetings

除了美国之外，加拿大、墨西哥、英国、法国和澳大利亚也会庆祝情人节。在英国，情人节在17世纪开始流行开来。到18世纪中期，各个阶层的朋友和爱人们互赠一些爱情信物和手写的便条已经很常见了。而到了20世纪，由于印刷技术的进步，印刷出来的卡片取代了手写的信件。在那个不提倡直接表达自己感情的年代，现成的卡片就成了人们表达自己情感的一种简单方法。而更加便宜的邮费也有助于情人节贺卡的普及。

Valentine’s DayValentine’s Day is a traditional festival of love and friendshipIt comes to the United States as the year of Valentine's Day in January,the first time in which a woman can be given the right of abode in a man’s country

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