请大家帮我用英文解释一下金融和金融工程两个专业名词！

Filling this gap with a credit guarantee by a reliable intermediary such as a state-owned guarantee corporation may similarly ensure financial institutions about the future cash flow of the firm

用可靠的中间人（如国有担保公司）提供的信贷担保来填补这个差距（差额），同样也可以向非银行金融机构就企业未来的现金流做出保证。

Therefore, this should reduce its expected cost of lending and increase its willingness to provide funds

因此，这应当会降低发放贷款的预期成本，提高供应资金的热情。

This section examines whether a credit guarantee lowers the interest rate charged by a financial institution

本章考核信贷担保是否降会降低非银行金融机构收取的利率。

Using pooled cross-section data during the period 2000-2005, we estimate an ordinary least squares regression in the following form:

我们使用2000至2005年期间典型数据，来评估一下下表中的普通最小平方衰退：

Ln(Interest rate利率 it )- β +β Private私人 it + u+β SICGC + β Ln(Loan Amount贷款金额 it )+β Ln(MOR最小透支率 it )

where i and t denote loan and time respectively

- i 和 t 分别表示贷款和时间。

Interest rate is the rate charged on the firm's loan i

利率就是企业贷款i支付的利率。

SICGC is a dummy variable that takes the value of 1, if the portion of the total loan i is guaranteed by SBCG, and 0 otherwise

SICGC 是一个名义变数，如果整个贷款全部由SBCG担保，取值为1；否则，取值为0。

In the regression, we control for loan- and firm-specific characteristics as well as for the underlying cost of debt

在衰退过程中，我们控制贷款及企业特性（参数），同时也控制潜在的债务成本。

The loan amount is the total loan size obtained from a financial institution at time t

贷款的金额就是在时间t时从金融机构取得的贷款总额。

To control for changes in the underlying cost of debt, we use the minimum overdraft rate (MOR), which is determined by the financial institution at time t

为了对债务成本的变化进行控制，我们使用最小透支率，它由金融机构在时间t时确定。

Private is a dummy variable with the value 1, if the financial institution is privately owned, and 0 otherwise

“Private（私人）”是一个名义变数，当金融机构为私营时，取值为1；否则，取值为0

The sample of 94 loan transactions and other credit-related data has been obtained from the survey of SMEs and the credit files collected by SBCG

这个例子包含94笔贷款业务和其他与贷款相关数据，它是从SME的调查报告中取得的，信贷档案是SBCG收集的。

The regression result is presented as follows:

衰退结果如下：

China's investments in securities intermediaries through more than ten years of development, has initially established its presence in China's economic development and reform in an important position in the securities intermediary has become the backbone of the securities market However, China's securities intermediaries in the development process, there are many problems, such as capital, the scale of strength is not strong, innovative ability is poor, as well as the integrity of the credit crisis, employment mechanism is not perfect, and many other problems have constrained the development of intermediary institutions This includes the status of securities investment intermediaries, issues and reform strategy of two parts Of the main issues raised and resolved for the response

Keywords: economies of scale, lack of credit talent incentive

以下的解释源自wiki的英文解释（更多解释可查wiki)

Finance is the science of funds management

(1) The general areas of finance are business finance, personal finance, and public finance

(2) Finance includes saving money and often includes lending money The field of finance deals with the concepts of time, money, risk and how they are interrelated It also deals with how money is spent and budgeted

Financial engineering is a multidisciplinary field relating to the creation of new financial instruments and strategies, typically exotic options and specialized interest rate derivatives The field applies engineering methodologies to problems in finance, and employs financial theory and applied mathematics, as well as computation and the practice of programming; see computational finance

微积分Calculus

大学计算机University Computer Fundamentals

多媒体课件制作Multimedia Courseware Making

旅游文化与欣赏 Tourism Culture

社交礼仪学Guide to the Social Etiquette

消费者行为学Consumer Behavior Study

组织行为学 Organizational Behavior

金融中介学 Financial Intermediaries

中央银行与金融监管 Central Bank & Financial Supervision

保险学 Insurance

公司理财学Corporate Financial Management

金融信托 Finance Trust

商业银行经营管理学Management of Modern Commercial Bank

银行会计学Bank Accounting

国际金融市场International financial markets

金融专题 Special Topics in Finance

投资银行学Investment Bank

①暂时没有听过raise the burden能表“解除”负担的意思。文章清楚指出AMT意外侵害到了中产阶级的利益，明年将会加重2100万名收入低于75000纳税人的负担。因此可以肯定它是表达“增加”的意思。

②“Sth sacred had to go, and that's where mortgage deductions come in”这句话你翻译得很好，大显身手用得非常形象。因为作者在后一段话中作出了总结性发言：“不管怎样，房贷优惠在某种程度上已经失去其应有的作用了。它正在为那些购买旅游度假屋以及麦克豪宅的人提供资助，而非真正的首次购房者。”所以作者认为房贷优惠政策已是弊大于利了，必须予以废除。

最后一次为黑石集团的史蒂夫Schwarzman在前几页的命运,这是2007年3月,和私人股本公司也陶醉在他们的最大的荣耀时刻。一群购买投标收购交易推到数十亿元。黑石集团的创始人,Schwarzman和彼特·彼得森,已zillionaires,拍过国内数以亿计的人与企业定价举行了一个丰富的首次公开上市。300万美元的党,Schwarzman扔了自己对他的60th生日为他赢得了名声作为一个tuxedo-wearing过剩的象征。这本杂志拥立他为“华尔街的新国王。”

在2007篇文章,一位前集团发出了警戒员工对Schwarzman和他的公司:“不会海报男孩。时代的变化,海报男孩得到掀掉了墙上。“嗯,这个时代确实改变了。金融危机和砂轮,永不停止的低迷状态后,玷污甚至收购的首领。赛布勒斯的大胆收购克莱斯勒和阿波罗的习得的亚麻布' n的东西都以羞辱旅行到破产法院。黑石集团的顶级对手,KKR和卡莱尔集团,不得不一次次推迟IPO计划。凯雷被迫关闭,一家对冲基金,它发动了利用这种热潮。

所有的混乱,尽管,海报男孩并没有被坑从墙上。今天是大黑比以往任何时候。公司拥有1577亿美元的管理下的资产规模年9月30日,从884亿美元在2007年5月。获得一个稳定和黑2%的管理费用在绝大多数的这些美元,该公司已经收入增长60%的费用。这么繁荣是黑石平均补偿每个雇员大约810000美元在2010年。相比之下,高盛的职员得靠相对微不足道的每人430000美元

你不会知道那些华而不实的编号,如果你读到黑石集团的公共文件里,公司已经释放了自2007年上市以来。这些文档一贯表现的损失。这是因为黑石是一种合作关系,其目标是产生现金为其合作伙伴而不是报告盈利。

其他制药巨头现在比以往任何时候都更多样。其私人股本业务监管430亿美元,占刚刚超过四分之一的资产管理公司,黑石有三个在内的其他类似的规模。其房地产和对冲基金业务(后者创造个性化的资金为顾客和投资基金启动对冲基金)管理分别为410亿美元和400亿美元。其信用单元,买块贷款和不良债务,检查340亿美元。黑石集团的5行,其咨询集团,已经成为一个复杂的交易,并首选重组。

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