非谓语动词的用法和分类谢

AADAD ABCBB CCCDD

16 As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares and______

A so did the airlines B nor did the airlines

C so the airlines did D nor the airlines did

A 代替表语或谓语, 使用倒装语序，“也”

17 The real trouble ______ their lack of confidence in their abilities

A lies in B lies on

C results in D leads to

A问题的原因在于……

18 Susan wants to know whether the measures have been agreed______

A to B with C over D upon

D agree upon/on sth的意思是对某事有同样看法, 意见一致，商定〔同意〕某事, 商定做某事

19 He drove to the airport to ______Mr Dixon who came to see him from Orillia

A pick up B set out C call for D tone down

A接某人

20 The twins are so much ______ that it is difficult to tell one from the other

A similar B equal C like D alike

D be alike 系表结构，相像

21 We have to ______ many difficulties in the course of social reforms

A cope with B keep with C come up with D catch up with

A 此处翻译成“应对、处理、解决”更好

22 She is always______ of others

A considered B considerate C considering D considerable

B be considerate of 体谅

23 The girl appeared ______ with the small world her parents had constructed for her

A sensitive B satisfactory C content D curious

C content with满足于

24 She says she'd rather he ______ tomorrow instead of today

A had left B left C should leave D leaves

B would rather+从句，是一个虚拟语气，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……”，此句描述将来。

25 You have to go to work on Sundays often, ______

A doesn't he B don't you C mustn't you D haven't you

B have作为一般的vt

26 Only when you have a good knowledge of grammar ______write correctly

A you will B you can C can you D can't you

C only…+倒装句式

27 I'm sorry _____answered your letter earlier

A having not B not having C not to have D to not have

C 不定式结构，（not）to have done是不定式的完成式，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词前。关于此类句式的详细用法见篇末。

28 We could do nothing but _____till he came back

A to wait B waiting C wait D waited

C but是一个连词（而不是介词），“除了”，因此后面的动词和do应当时态一致，所以用动词原形wait

29 The committee _____ the problem for a whole afternoon but they have not yet reached an agreement

A has discussed B has been discussing

C are discussing D have been discussing

D committee是作为复数形式表达的，与“but they” 一致

30 Fifteen minutes _____ I can spare to talk over this matter with you

A are that B is that C are all D is all

D is all (that), 原句省略了that, 是一个宾语从句

27题的补充：关于不定式的完成时

Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in

A to have studied B to study

C to be studying D to have been studying

考查不定式的时态，注意题干中的studied in这一关键词所提供的信息时态，说明Robert已去国外学习过了，故该题用不定式的完成式，表示不定式的动作先于谓语词的动作，所以答案选A。

1．常见的可接不定式完成式的动词有：seem, appear, happen, prove, pretend等。如：

The beggar seems not to have eaten anything这乞丐似乎没吃过东西。

She seemed not to have grasped what he really meant她看来没有明白他真正的意思。

2．常用于“主语+be said +to have done, been”相当于主动句“People say +that”结构的句型有：be said, reported, thought, supposed, expected, believed considered, known如：

Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer普遍认为查理斯·巴别基是发明电脑的人。

She was said to have met a fairy one day据说有一天她碰到了一位仙女。

3．常见的可接不定式完成的形容词有：glad, happy, sad, disappointed, satisfied, likely, sorry, surprised等。如：

She is not likely to have got our letter (=It is not likely that she has got our letter)她可能还没收到我们的信。

比较下面的不定式的一般式和完成式的区别：

I'm happy to have seen you见到你很高兴。（道别时说）

I'm happy to seen you见到你很高兴。

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）

I'm sorry to keep you waiting for a long time对不起，要让你久等了。

4．在would like, love, rather后面用不定式完成式，表示想做而未做的事情。例如：

I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report (=I would have loved to go to the party last night but……)我原打算昨晚去参加聚会，然而我不得不抽空写一份报告。

I'd like to have seen his face when he opened the letter (=I'd have liked to see his face when……)我真想看见他拆信时的脸色。

[注意] 这类表示“意图、打算”之意的动词，还有hope, wish, expect, think, suppose, want, plan, agree, mean, try等用过去时态，后又接不定式完成式作宾语，表示想做而未做的事情。这种意义也可用这类动词的“过去完成时态+不定式的一般式”表达。

We hoped to have caught the early bus, but found it had left (=We had hoped to catch the early bus, but……)我们本来希望赶早班车，却发现车子已经开走了。

I planned to have attended the meeting last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away (=I had planned to attend the meeting last night, but……)我昨晚本来计划去开会的，但有人找，脱不开身。

5．be+不定式完成式表示该做或想做但未做的动作。如：

You were to have arrived there early that day 那天你们应该早点到那儿。（但你们晚到了）

I was to have helped him then, but was too busy当时我本想帮他的忙，可我太忙了。（未帮他的忙）

年级英语测试题 Ⅱ单项选择（20分） 1--MymoneyhasrunoutWhatshouldIdo --________youcouldget________part-timejob AWhy,aBMaybe,/CMaybe,aDSure,/ 2Doyouhave________toeat AsomethingdeliciousBdelicioussomething CanythingdeliciousDdeliciousanything 3Thereislittlemilkintheglass,________ AdoesitBisn’titCisthereDisn’tthere 4--Howbeautifulyourshoesare! --ButtheyarereallycheapTheyonly________me10dollars AtakeBspentCpayDcost 5It’sverykind________you________mewithmymath Afor,tohelpBfor,helpingCof,tohelpDof,helping 6--Wouldyoulike________apple --No,thanks AOtherBanotherCothersDanother 7--Thereissomeoneintheclassroom --It________beLucyShealwaysgetstoschoolearly AcanBmayCmustDmustn’t 8–Doyoulikeblackteaorgreentea --________willdo AEitherBBothCAllDNeither 9________iseasy________thequestion AThat,toanswerBThat,answeringCIt,toanswerDIt,answering 10-Whatwereyoudoingwhentheyourmother________home -I________TV Acame,watchedBiscoming,watched Ccame,waswatchingDiscoming,waswatching 11NeithershenorI________goingtotravelbyairWebothliketravelingbytrain AisBamCareDwere 12--Wouldyouminddoingthedishes --________ ANo,Iwon’tBSorryI’lldoitrightaway COk,thankyouDSure,Iwould! 13--________haveyoubeenstudyingChinese --________Iwassixyearsold AWhattime,WhenBHowlong,When CWhattime,SinceDHowlong,Since 14Hurryup!Ifwearelateforschool,theteacher________angry AisBwouldbeCwillDwillbe 15Tedsaidhe________atelephonecalltohisfriendat8o’clockonSaturdaynight AmadeBwasmaking CmakesDismaking 16Doyoustand＿＿＿linewhenyouwait＿＿＿abusstop Aon,forBin,forCon,atDin,at 17--Thatgirllikesplayingtheguitarverymuch --_____ ASoIdoBSoIamCSodoIDSodoesI 18Let’sgototheWaterWorld,____________？ AshallweBwillweCwillyouDcanwe 19Tedwantedto_______somemoneyfrommebutIdidn’t______anytohim Alend,borrowBlend,lend Cborrow,lendDborrow,borrow 20_____openthewindow AWillyoupleaseBPleasewillyou CYoupleaseDDoyou 二完形填空（10分） OnedayaveryrichfamilyinGuangzhouwentonatriptothecountrysideThefatherwantedtoshowhissonhow___1___peoplelived,sotheyspentadayandanight__2___thefarmofaverypoorfamilyWhentheygotbackfromtheir___3___,thefatheraskedhisson,“Mydearson,howwasthetrip” “Verygood,Dad!” “Didyouseehowpoorpeoplelived”thefatherasked “Yeah!” “And___4___didyoulearn” Thesonanswered,“Wehaveadogathome,andtheyhavefourWehaveapoolthatreachestothemiddleofthegardenandtheyhaveacreek(小溪)thathasnoendWehaveveryexpensivelampsinthegardenandtheyhavethestarsOurpatio（露台）reachestothefrontyard,yettheyhavethewholehorizon(地平线)”___5___thelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechlessHissonadded,“Thankyoufor___6___mehowpoorweare!” ___7___ittruethatitalldepends___8___thewayyoulookatthings___9___youhaveloveclassmates,teachers,schoolsandapositiveattitude___10___life,you’vegoteverything! 1AmanyBmuchCrichDpoor 2AinBonCoverDaround 3AtripBcountrysideCGuangzhouDpoorfamily 4AwhoBhowCwhatDwhich 5AWhenBWhileCBeforeDAssoonas 6AshowBshowedCshowingDtoshow 7AIsn’tBDon’tCWon’tDShouldn’t 8AbyBinConDwith 9AIfBWhenCAsDWhether 10AinBonCwithDtowards 三阅读理解(20分)（A） OneofJim’sfeetwasbiggerthantheother”Icanneverfindshoesformyfeet,”hesaidtohisfriendDick“Whydon’tyougotoashoemaker(鞋匠)”Dicksaid“Agoodonecanmakeyoutherightshoes”“I’veneverbeentoashoemaker,”Jimsaid“Aren’ttheyexpensive”“No,”Dicksaid,“someofthemaren’tThereisagoodoneinourvillage,andhe’squitecheapHere’shisaddress”HewrotesomethingonapieceofpaperandgaveittoJim JimwenttotheshoemakerinDick’svillageafewdayslater,andtheshoemakermadehimsomeshoes JimwenttotheshopagainaweeklaterandlookedattheshoesHebecameangryandsaidtotheshoemaker,”Youareafoolish（愚蠢的）man!Itoldyoutomakeoneshoebiggerthantheother,butyou’vemadeonesmallerthantheother” 1Jimcouldnotfindrightshoesbecause_______ AhisfeetweretoobigBhisfeetweretoosmall ChisfeetwerenotthesamesizeDhisfeetweretoofat 2Jim_______beforeDicktoldhimtodoso AtriedtoaskashoemakerforhelpBwenttoashoemaker Cdidn’tgotoanyshoemakersDwenttoDick’svillage 3TheshoesoftheshoemakerinDick’svillagewere_______ AexpensiveBcheapCnotcheaporexpensiveDfoolish 4WhenJimsawhisshoesintheshop,hewas_______ ApleasedBangryCsatisfiedDmad 5Whowasfoolish AJimBTheshoemakerCBothDDick （B） You’llseeanewdoctoratahospitalnearLondonifyougothereHe’sverycleverbutheneverspeaksandhedidn’tgotomedicalschoolHecanworkalldaylongwithoutrestHe’sonemetretallandhasafacelikeaTVscreen(屏幕)Hehasnoarmsorlegsbutlotsofbuttons(按钮)HeisnamedDrRobot DoctorsoftenneedtoasktheirsickpersonssomequestionsButbusydoctorscanonlyspendafewminuteswitheachofthemTherobotdoctor,however,canaskasickpersonquestionsforanhourifnecessary(必要)Sowhenthehumandoctormeetshissickperson,healreadyhasalotofhelpfulinformationDrRobotisquitehuman(通人性的)Ifyouanswer“No”tothequestion“Doyoulikesmoking”DrRobotwillanswer:“I’mgladtohearthat” RobotdoctorshelphumandoctorsalotintheirmedicalworkButtheywillnevertaketheplaceofhumandoctors 6What’stheChinesefor“Robot” A勤奋的B男的C机器人D孩子的 7–Whoisbetter,thehumandoctorortherobotdoctor --______ AThehumandoctorBTherobotdoctorCBothofthemDNeitherofthem 8Therobotdoctor______ahumandoctor AlookslikeBdoesn’tlikeClikesDdoesn’tlooklike 9DrRobotdoesn’tlikepeople______ AtocomeBtoaskquestionsCtosmokeDtoanswerquestions 10Inthefuture,Robotdoctorswill______humandoctors AtaketheplaceofBhelpalotCkillDhothelp 四根据所给首字母提示及所给单词用适当形式填空。（每空1分，共10分） 1Lindaisill(生病)inbedButn___________knowsthat 2Inthisrestaurant,Special1isjust10RMBfor20d___________ 3Myfavoritesubjectisg___________ 4Thisshirtisbeautifulbute___________Ihavenomoneytobuyit 5WewenttothePalaceM___________lastweekendThereweremanyoldthingsinit 6Doyoumind___________(close)thedoor？It’swindyoutside 7I___________(visit)mygrandpalastmonth 8Marywasillandshe___________(feel)bad 9Weboughtsomebeefand___________(potato)fromthesupermarket 10Myuncleisofmedium___________(high) 五选词填空：根据句意，选择适当的词并用其适当的形式填空。（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1Thereisabigtree_____hishouse 2Couldyouplease_____downtheradioItistooloud 3Youcanchoosetocomehere_______youlike 4Idon’twanttotalkwithhimagainbecauseIhadanargumentwith_______yesterday 5Theboxis_____heavyforher_____carry 6I_____inlovewiththecitywhenIfirstwentthereItisreallymodern 7Hismathteachersaidhewasvery_____ 8Bettyjumps______thanKateinthelongjump 9Therearefour_____inayear,thatisspring,summer,autumnandwinter 10Iget_____whenothersareimpoliteinpublicplaces 六句型转换(10分) 1“IwillgocampingwithmyclassmatesnextSunday”Jacksaid(变为间接引语) Jacksaidhe_______gocampingwith classmates thenextSunday 2BothyouandIarehappy(变成否定句) _____you________Iam happy 3It’sasnowyday(改感叹句) ______________snowyday! 4Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyuncleknockedthedoor(同义句转换) Myuncle_______thedoor_______Iwasdoingmyhomework 5Therewasatelephoneforyou, ____ ____(改为反意疑问句) 七）从下面方框中选择适当的句子，完成对话。 AYes,theyhave BWhatabouttomorrowafternoon CI’veneverbeentherebefore DHowmanykindsofanimalshavetheygot EReallyI’veneverseenayoungelephant A:Haveyoueverbeentothezoo B:No,1Havetheygotmanyanimalsthere A:2It’squiteabigzoo B:3 A:Morethan70kindsofanimalsThey’vegotlargeelephantsandababyelephant B:4I’dliketogoandhavealook A:Allright5 B:TomorrowafternoonI’mafraidnot A:Thenlet’sgonextSundaymorning B:OKSeeyouthen 1． 2 3 4 5 Ⅵ书面表达（20分） 假如你收到朋友Tom的来信：Tom的母亲下星期五过生日。Tom想给母亲买一件生日礼物，却不知道买什么好。想请你回信并提出建议。你的回信要点如下： 一、你很高兴为Tom提建议，同时为Tom在乎母亲的生日感到欣慰：Tom是妈妈的好孩子。 二、买生日礼物必须了解母亲的爱好，同时也要视自己的经济情况而定。 三、如果确实买不到合适的礼物，也可亲自为母亲做一个生日卡片或为母亲亲自做一顿丰盛的晚餐。母亲一定也会很高兴。 （80字左右，请不要逐字逐句地翻译，开头语已给出。） DearTom

一、 非谓语动词

近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占311%，平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？下面我和大家就一起来分析一下：

1、非谓语动词考查特点

1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：

All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train(19991)

A had been canceled B have been canceled

C were canceled D having been canceled

四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。

2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：

① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late

(20001)

A you to delay making B your delaying making

C your delaying to make D you delay to make

② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have

got in(19961)

A to close B closing

C to have closed D having closed

③ Your hair wants ______ You'd better have it done tomorrow

A cut B to cut C cutting D being cut(19976)

这类题涉及三个方面：

谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词？

即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别？

不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式？

3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择

从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：

(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's

telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users(19996)

A accomplished B being accomplished

C to be accomplished D having been accomplished

② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor

and self-restraint as if I were the one ______(19966)

A to correct B correcting

C having been corrected D being corrected

同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断①题答案为C，②题答案为D。

(2)对固定结构的考查，如：

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his

arguments in favor of the new theory(20006)

A to be based on B to base on

C which to base on D on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it

also puts them under a constant emotional strain

A to compete B competing

C to be competed D having competed

①题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means,way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。

4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择

做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：

① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would

fall off the edge of the earth(19966)

A Having believed B Believing

C Believed D Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at

least a master's degree(19951)

A To become B Become C One becomes D On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from

his father, he decided to sell his watch(19951)

A not wanted B no to want C not wanting D wanting not

④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific

circles(19971)

A Believe B To believe C Believing D Believed

从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：

(1)状语类别的判断

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。

(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系

根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3)非谓语动词的否定形式

not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。

(4) 独立成分

有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:

generally speaking, judging from, to tell the truth, 等。

5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：

① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow(19981)

A install B to install C to be installed D installed

② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory

dispute ______(19986)

A being settled B to be settled

C had settled D as settled

③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go(20006)

A to be advertised B advertised

C advertise D advertising

④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose(19996)

A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering

⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop(19971)

A cheating B cheat C to cheat D to be cheating

⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes(20001)

A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated

考查涉及到

感官动词后的宾语补足语，如③。

have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。

regard类后面的宾语补足语

with独立分句后面的

常用动词后面的宾语补足语。

6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择

表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：

① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the

mountain(19996)

A isolated B isolating

C being isolated D having been isolated

② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them(20006)

A unrecorded B to be unrecorded

C unrecording D to have been unrecorded

分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：

① I have no objection _______ your story again(20006)

A to hear B to hearing

C to having heard D to have heard

② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems(19966)

A to dealing B in dealing C dealing D to deal

③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company(19976)

A have told B be told C being told D having told

这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如③。

8) 分词前连词的使用

分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况

(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式

Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______(19951)

A scolding B to scold C having scolded D scolded

when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。

(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词

Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of

patient do not take drugs ___ directed(19961)

A like B so C which D as

由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。

9) 非谓语动词的体

非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done, having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。

动名词的体也有having done, having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。

不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如：

① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company(19976)

A have told B be told C being told D having told

having told在句中做介词宾语，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

② I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____

all the time(19971)

A to get worse B to be getting worse

C to have got worse D getting worse

从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。

③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started(19951)

A being delivered B was delivered

C be delivered D having been delivered

该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。

不可以，no=not a用not的话前少修饰，而且也不该这麽说，应该是It doesn't have any arms

no 还可以表示not any/not a的意思，因此凡是和any或a 搭配的名词、动名词、形容词或副词，都可与no 搭配使用。如：

There were no (=not any) letters for you this morning 今天上午没你的信。

It’s no difficult =It’s not any difficult 一点也不难。

no本身是个限定词，不可与另一个限定词，如a, any, that, the, all, both, ever, hi等连用，因此在出现上述限定词时，必须用not。如：

Not all of us saw it happen 我们不是所有的人都看到这件事的发生。 在否定动词、副词、介词短语时，用not不用no。如：

I haven’t seen him quite recently 最近我没有见过他。

I can make it Friday, but not Thursday 定在星期五可以，但星期四不行。

由上可知，no和not any/not a都可放在名词前，但前者用于书面语较多，后者用于口语较多，而且前者没有后者的语气强。如：

I have no money left 我没有余钱了。

I haven’t any money left 我没有余钱了。

在动词为be的句子中，not (a) 却不如no。前者只表示“不是”这一事实，得带有一定的感情色彩。

1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

Reading and writing are very important

注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数，表示一人兼两职。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting

A is B was C are D were

答案B 注: 先从时态上考虑这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A,C本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词后面的职务用and 相连这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B

2 主谓一致中的就近原则

当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class

总的来说，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：

Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week　

Either you or she is to go

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you

3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory

He as well as I wants to go boating

4 谓语需用单数

1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数

Each of us has a tape-recorder

There is something wrong with my watch

2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English

<一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书

3) 表示金钱,时间距离价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数(用复数也可,意思不变)

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations

Ten yuan is enough

5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定

All is right (一切顺利)

All are present (所有人都到齐了)

2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定如family,team，group，club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体

His family isn't very large 他家不是一个大家庭

His family are music lovers 他的家人都是音乐爱好者

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)militia(民兵)vermin(害虫)等在任何情况下都用复数形式

Are there any police around

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数

A number of +名词复数+复数动词

The number of +名词单数+单数动词

A number of books have lent out

The majority of the students like English

6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致

Most of his money is spent on books

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports

2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致

Many a person has read the novel 许多人都读过这本书

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市

7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。

8 the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，

9 四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。

10 表示，(时间，距离，重量，金额，书名）的复数名词作主语时，通常当做整体看待，谓语动词用单数。

编辑本段

"表里不一"现象

主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象

和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下

1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数例如:

More than one teacher gets the flowers 不止一个教师得到了花

2, "many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数例如:

Many a student has been sent to plant trees 很多学生被派去植树

3,"half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定例如:

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖

4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数例如:

"All are present and all is going well" 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利

5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数例如:

What they want to get are a number of good books他们想得到的是大量的好书

6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式例如:

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag书包里没有书和钢笔

7,当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except，逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致例如:

My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京

8,each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关例如:

They each have a bike 他们每人有一辆自行车

9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数例如:

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯

10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致例如:

The following are good examples下面是一些好例子

11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类例如:

Politics is now taught in all schools 现在各学校都开设政治课

当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点)economics（经济意义）等

12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers, glasses,shoesshortsscissorsscales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数例如:

The shoes are all right 这些鞋子都很合适

还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）clothescontentsminites（记录）remains（遗体）thanks等

13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数例如:

One and a half apples are left on the table 桌子上有一个半苹果

14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数例如:

One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙

15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数例如:

He is one of the students who get there on time他是准时到达那里的学生之一

16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数例如:

One million dollars is a lot of money 一百万美元是一大笔钱

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