医学英语——HIV的传播与预防

篇一：关于艾滋病英语作文

Today, I was at home with nothing to do I didn't know what to do with my thoughts I suddenly thought about AIDS, and then I fell asleep unconsciousness

I had such a dream that I became a lymphocyte in my body This person had AIDS, and the AIDS virus was specialized in destroying the lymphocytes of the human body! Ah, how could my dream be so miserable, all of a sudden, a lymph node said to me, "the AIDS virus is moving to us," ah! We're about to be killed by AIDS!" I said Suddenly, a lymph said, "how can you do this, the fate of the master depends on us, so we will win anyway!! "All of a sudden, I saw their army moving towards us, and we were ready to fight The battle began, we rushed to fight, and the AIDS virus was not weak, they suddenly killed our troops I see the cons fall one by one, angry, rushed to the germs, where more than a burst of disorderly, bacteria was first I finished then after a while, many companions all around a germ to play, this is the last germs! I didn't see that bug, and I had to go and hit it a few times, but it didn't work Suddenly the bug said to fight with me, ah, I was stunned The companions say: "see you of, refueling, must defeat him!! 'good! I said I saw a black band coming towards me, and I didn't show any weakness I hit it with my hand, and when a light and black tie were struck together, it exploded From here on, we started to use the real kung fu Suddenly, I saw one of his undefended places, and then he hit the ball and he exploded!

After the victory, my companions were celebrating my defeat of AIDS, ding ding ding, the alarm clock rang, I opened my eyes to see that it was a dream

今天在家闲着没事做，不知是胡思乱想还是怎么，我怎么突然想到了艾滋病，然后就不知觉地睡着了。

我做了这样一个梦，我居然成了一个人体内的淋巴细胞，这个人得了艾滋病，艾滋病菌可是专门破坏人体的淋巴细胞！啊，我这个梦怎么这么惨，突然，一个淋巴对我说：“艾滋病菌正在向我们这儿移来，“啊！我们马上就要遭到艾滋病的残杀了！”我说。突然，一个淋巴说：“你怎能这样，主人的命运就要靠我们了，所以无论怎样，我们也要获胜！！”突然，我看到他们的大军向我们这移来了，我们便也准备好战斗。战斗开始了，我们冲上去就厮杀，艾滋病菌也毫不示弱，他们一下子就命我军损失惨重。我看到同伙们一个一个地倒下，发怒了，冲到病菌多的地方一阵乱打，病菌一会就被我打完了后来，很多同伴都围着一个病菌打，这也是最后一个病菌！可怎么也不见那个病菌受伤，我便跟了过去也去打了几下，可也没有什么効果。突然而那个病菌说要和我打，啊，我愣了。同伴们说：“就看你的了，加油啊，一定要打败他！！”“好的！”我说。那个病菌一掌打来，我就看到一条黑色的带子向我冲来，我也毫不示弱，也用手一打，一道光和黑带子打在一起，便爆炸了。从这开始，我们便开始使用真功夫了，突然，我看到他的一个没有防守的地方，便一掌打去，他便全身爆炸！

胜利后，同伴们正在庆祝我打败了艾滋病的时候，叮叮叮，闹钟响了，我睁眼一看，才知道这是一场梦……

篇二：关于艾滋病英语作文

They become the main source for the spread of the disease will feel life has no meaning, when they know where they were going to die when I found the sky so blue, the grass so green, so beautiful in the world, but they will lose all the good, they will want to a problem we never want to: if can thoroughly live once again, if can not AIDS

They don't need pity, however, do not need charity, for god, they also have no too much desire, just want to everyone that a little love, maybe just open your arms to hug, maybe it's just on a short play for five minutes, short life, in their hearts, until death, will always remember you, maybe because life really is too short, perhaps because for them, love really is too luxurious for them

Maybe the world has abandoned them! But will you forget them

, they just want a normal life, and never expect can be a miracle in the history of AIDS, just, don't want people to be afraid, don't want to be isolated, don't want to always so lonely heart, want to be with friends and relatives

If the world had abandoned them, would you be disgusted and afraid of them Or Love them

Please love them! Make them feel meaningful in their lifetimes, and help them fend off weird looks and treat them as equals

That way, they'll live forever, even if it's just in our hearts

他们成为了疾病的传染源会觉得自己的生活完全没有了意义，当他们知道知道自己会死的时候才发现天那么的蓝，草那么的绿，世界那样地美好，可是这一切的美好他们都将失去，他们会想一个我们从不想的问题：如果能够再好好的活一次，如果能不得艾滋病……

可是，他们并不需要怜悯，不需要施舍，对於上帝，他们也没有什么过高的愿望，只想要，每个人那一点点爱而已，也许只是敞开双臂的拥抱，也许只是短短的玩上五分钟，短暂的一生，在他们心里，直到死，永远都会记着你，或许因为生命真的太短暂了，或许因为对他们来说，爱真的太奢侈。

或许世界已经抛弃了他们吧！但，你会忘记他们吗？

他们，仅仅是想要正常的生活，也从不奢求可以成为艾滋病史上的奇迹，仅仅是，不希望人们畏惧，不想被隔离，不想心总那么孤单，想和朋友、亲人在一起。

如果，世界已抛弃了他们，你会厌恶、害怕他们吗？还是……深爱他们？

请深爱他们吧！让他们有生之年感到有意义，帮他们抵挡怪异的目光，平等的看待他们吧。

那样，他们会永远活着，即使只是在我们的心里。

篇三：关于艾滋病英语作文

For our young people, the story of the film warns us to be self-disciplined and to protect ourselves In the current situation of HIV/AIDS, once infected with HIV, it was too late to cry, so it was condemned to death

AIDS is like a demon released from a bottle It eats our soul relentlessly Although they are now constantly calling for more care and less discrimination against people living with HIV, they can't get rid of the amblyopia When they are found to have this virus, they can no longer live in this society as a normal person

We know that there is no essential difference between AIDS and black death, SARS and other diseases It is the last catastrophic infectious disease in human history It can be said that the vast majority of infected people are innocent, since innocent, why should "repent" ! The fact that AIDS is different from other deadly infectious diseases is being spread by sex So far, in the subconscious of the public, AIDS still has not divorced from its moral and moral derogatory position We should face HIV scientifically First, we need to understand how to decouple disease from ethics, without the shackles of science, so that we can rely on science to overcome the disease

At present, we are at the risk of AIDS The data suggest that a young man is infected with HIV every 14 seconds Therefore, it is very important to publicize the significance of education to prevent AIDS Now, a lot of young people and their parents, still think AIDS from his very far away, "youth of confession is to remind more young people, parents, school and society to strengthen this aspect of consciousness, strengthen the prevention and control of AIDS Noteworthy is that we in yunnan is the worst-hit areas of AIDS, gengma county is one of the center of the disaster area in particular, real AIDS in our midst, so, to remind young people, each of us should know how to protect themselves

对於我们年轻人，**中的故事警示着我们，要自律，要懂得保护自己。在当前对艾滋病还没有特效药的情势下，一旦感染了艾滋病病毒，那可是哭都来不及了，就等於是被判了死刑。

艾滋病就如一个从瓶子里释放出来的魔鬼，它无情地吞噬着我们的灵魂。尽管现在不断地提出、呼吁要对艾滋病病毒携带者多一份关爱，减少社会对他们的歧视，可他们摆脱不了弱视群体的待遇。当被查出携带有这种病毒，他们便再也不可能像一个正常人一样地生活在这个社会中。

我们知道，其实艾滋病与黑死病、SARS等疾病没有本质区别，它是人类历史上一次灾难性传染病。可以说，绝大多数感染者是无辜的，既然无辜，为什么要“忏悔”？！艾滋病区别於其他几种要命的传染病的备受关注的一点正在於其可以通过性传播。截止目前，在社会公众的潜意识中，艾滋病仍然没有脱离其伦理道德的贬义定位。我们应该科学地面对艾滋病，首先要懂将疾病与伦理脱钩，没有道学桎梏，才能依靠科学战胜病魔。

目前，我们青少年正处在艾滋病的危害之中。有关资料表明，全世界每14秒钟就会有一个青年人感染艾滋病病毒。因此，宣传教育青少年预防艾滋病意义极为重要。现在，很多年轻人以及他们的家长，仍然认为艾滋病离自己十分遥远，《青春的忏悔》正是要提醒更多的年轻人、家长、学校和社会加强这方面的意识，加强艾滋病的防治。值得关注的是：我们云南是艾滋病的重灾区，特别耿马县是灾区的中心之一，真实的艾滋病就在我们身边，所以，提醒年轻人，我们每个人都应懂得去保护自己。

其他优秀文章：

虽然可以，但是仅限于男性感染HIV情况，女方感染HIV除外。因为对于感染HIV患者而言，若是通过自然妊娠生育，疾病遗传后代可能性大。通过国外（美国，泰国）洗精试管技术，获取高质量精子。也就是说经过检查之后CD4和病载量符合在做试管婴儿的范围，经过洗精之后，筛查健康的胚胎移植，就可以实现好孕优生。

如果女方是HIV携带者：

首先，我们需要了解清楚HIV传播途径当中，较为重要的传播方式——母婴传播。若女方是HIV携带者，进行试管助孕难度比男性大很多。对于这种情况，并不建议女方自己做试管，因为遗传风险非常高。即宝宝大概率会是HIV携带者。

不过办法总比困难多，也非完全没有办法。如果说女方感染HIV，又想生育健康宝宝。可通过第三方的方式。即换个母体或使用第三方的卵子，可保障胎儿免受HIV感染。不过此方案在国内行不通，但是国外政策宽松，可以实现。

Transmission

HIV transmission requires contact with body fluids containing infected cells or plasma HIV may be present in any fluid or exudate that contains plasma or lymphocytes, specifically blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, saliva, or wound exudates Although theoretically possible, transmission by saliva or droplet nuclei produced by coughing or sneezing is extremely rare, if it occurs HIV is not transmitted by casual contact or even by the close nonsexual contact that occurs at work, school, or home The most common means of transmission is direct transfer of bodily fluids either through sharing contaminated needles or sexual relations

传播

HIV的传播必需要有与含感染细胞或血浆体液的直接接触。HIV可存在于任何含血浆或淋巴细胞的液体或渗出液中，特别是血液、精液、阴道分泌液、母乳、唾液或伤口渗出液。虽然从理论上讲有这种可能性，但在实际中，通过咳嗽或喷嚏唾液或飞沫传播的情形极其罕见。在工作场所、学校或家里的平常接触甚或密切的非性接触都不会传播HIV。最觉见的传播途径是共用注射器或性关系所带来的直接的全液交流。

Sexual practices involving no exposure to bodily fluids are safe Other practices, such as fellatio and cunnilingus appear to be relatively, but not absolutely, safe The greatest risk is through genital intercourse, especially anal-receptive intercourse Sexual practices producing mucosal trauma before or during intercourse increase the risk Use of latex condoms or vaginal barriers decreases but does not eliminate risk Oil-based lubricants decrease the protection provided by latex condoms because they dissolve them

无体液接触的性生活是安全的。其他如口或舐阴等性方式则相对而非绝对安全。最危险的是生殖器性交，尤其是肛交的接受方。性交前或性交中的粘膜破损会增加危险性。使用乳胶避孕套或子宫帽可降低但不能消除这种危险。因为润滑油会溶解乳胶，所以，也会降低避孕套的保护作用。

Infected cells or free virions can reach target cells in a new host via blood transfusion, accidental injection, or mucous membrane exposure The role of mucous membrane inflammation is illustrated by the effect of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) on susceptibility to HIV infection HIV transmission is definitely increased by chancroid and may be more likely in the presence of herpes, syphilis, trichomoniasis, and possibly other STDs

感染细胞或游离病毒体可经由输血、意外注射或粘膜暴露到达新宿主的靶细胞。粘膜炎症所起的作用与其他性传病（STD）医学教育网搜集和HIV感染易感性的作用相同。软下疳肯定会增加HIV的传播性，单纯疱疹、梅毒、滴虫病和其他STD感染更可能引发HIV传播。

Transmission of HIV by needle-stick injury, estimated at about 1/300 incidents, is much less frequent than transmission of hepatitis B, presumably because of the relatively lower number of HIV virions in the blood of most infected patients Risk of HIV transmission appears to be increased by deep wounds or injection of blood, such as when hollow-bore needles containing blood penetrate the skin

由针刺损伤导致的HIV传播发生率估计为1/300，远低于乙型肝炎，这可能是由于大多数感染者血液中的HIV病毒数量相对较少的原故。深部创口或注入血液，如含有血液的中空针头刺入皮肤，都可增加HIV的传播危险。

Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen blood donors has vastly reduced the risk of acquiring HIV by transfusion However, persons in the early stages of HIV infection, who have not yet mounted an antibody response, may have transiently negative ELISA and Western blot results while yielding positive results for HIV p24 antigen in plasma These persons may account for the very low, but continuing, risk of transfusion-associated HIV infection (estimated at between 1/10,000 and 1/100,000 per unit transfused) Currently mandated screening for both antibody and p24 antigen may further reduce this risk

用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法对供血者进行筛检，已大大降低了输血引起的HIV感染危险。不过，HIV感染早期的供血者，在尚未产生抗体应答时，他们的ELISA和Westernblot结果暂时均为阴性，而血浆HIVp24抗原检查则为阳性。这些供血者可能造成非常低、但依然存在的输血相关性HIV感染危险（估计介于1/1万～1/10万之间）。近来采用同时进行抗体和p24抗原筛检的方法可进一步降低危险性。

Prevention

Multiple strategies are being developed to induce protective immunity in persons not infected with HIV Immunogens include attenuated live and whole killed HIV, genetically engineered HIV proteins and peptides (eg, from the viral envelope), and vaccinia virus genetically modified to express HIV viral proteins These efforts are hampered by the lack of a measurable marker of protective immunity, such as the neutralizing antibody engendered by polio vaccine, or of a convenient animal model Nevertheless, vaccines continue to be developed and tested for safety and immunogenicity

传播的预防

正在研制多种方法来诱导未感染HIV者的免疫保护功能。免疫原包括减毒HIV活病毒或完全灭活HIV病毒，因工程HIV蛋白和肽（如取自病毒包膜的），和基因修饰后表达HIV蛋白质的牛痘病毒。这些工作都因缺少可计量的免疫保护标志物而受阻，如灰髓炎疫苗能产生中和抗体；另外也没有合适的动物模型。尽管如此，疫苗研究仍在进行。并在作安全性和免疫遗传学试验。

All pregnant women should be offered a test for antibody to HIV HIV-infected women should be advised to consider deferring pregnancy at least until management of HIV in pregnancy is better studied The risk of transmission in utero, intrapartum, or postpartum transmission to the fetus is estimated to be 30 to 50%, but zidovudine (ZDV or AZT) alone reduces intrapartum infection by 2/3, and combinations of drugs may be more effective Given the low, but real, risk of transmission even with treatment and the uncertainty of the effects on the fetus of drugs needed for their own health, termination of pregnancy may be an alternative for many HIV-infected pregnant women

所有妊娠妇女都应进行HIV抗体试验。应劝告HIV感染女性推迟怀孕，至少要等到妊娠期HIV处理已有了更好的研究结果后。据估计，胎儿在宫内、产程中或产后的传播危险率为30%~50%，但单用齐多呋啶（ZDV或AZT）即可使分娩期传播减少2/3，联合用药效果会更好。虽然治疗后的传播危险很低，但也确实存在，而且这些胎儿健康所必需的药物对胎儿的影响也不确定，因此，终止妊娠也可能是许多HIV感染孕妇的选择措施之一。

Confidential testing for antibody to HIV should be offered to anyone requesting it, but only in conjunction with pretest and posttest counseling Persons who are at high risk for contracting HIV infection--even those with negative HIV antibody test results--should not donate blood or organs for transplantation because of the small risk they may have been recently infected and be infectious but antibody-negative

应向每一个请求者提供保密的HIV抗体检测，并与检测前后的咨询服务相结合。HIV感染高危者――即使是那些HIV抗体检测阴性的人――都不应献血或捐献移植器官，因为他们仍然存在近期感染及具有传染性而抗体呈阴性的可能性。

Isolation of hospitalized patients with HIV infection is unnecessary, except when their complicating infections (eg, suspected or proven TB) are communicable Surfaces contaminated by blood or other body fluids should be cleaned and disinfected HIV is readily inactivated by heat and many disinfectants, including peroxide, alcohols, phenolics, and hypochlorite The body fluids and tissues of HIV-infected patients should be handled with extreme care

没必要隔离感染HIV的住院病人，除非他们得有传染性并发感染（如怀疑或证实有结核）。血液或其他体液污染表面应进行清洁和消毒。HIV容易通过加热和许多消毒剂灭活，如过氧化物、酒精、酚和次氯酸。处理HIV感染者的体液和组织时应极其小心。

Medical and dental professionals should wear gloves when examining all patients if contact with mucous membranes or other wet surfaces may occur Because needle-stick accidents are common, health care workers must be taught how to avoid them

医生和牙医在检查所有患者时，如需接触粘膜或其他湿面，一定要戴手套。由于针刺意外经常发生，因此，应教育保健工作者如何避免意外。

Postexposure prophylaxis with immediate antiretroviral therapy after penetrating injuries involving HIV-infected blood (needle sticks) or heavy mucous membrane (eye or mouth) contamination is believed to reduce transmission Combinations of a protease inhibitor with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are currently recommended for postexposure prophylaxis of relatively high-risk exposures Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT) appeared to reduce risk of transmission after needle-stick injuries in one study, which provided the only evidence that prophylaxis works Because of the low risk of infection for most injuries, controlled prospective studies of the effectiveness of prophylaxis are not practical Cancers or birth defects from the brief exposures to these drugs have not been found in the small numbers of otherwise healthy persons who have used ZDV for this purpose Because some women in early pregnancy will be offered postexposure prophylaxis before their pregnancy is suspected or confirmed, special caution must be exercised in treating potentially pregnant women Additional problems arise when the source or HIV status of blood is unknown, but identification of the source and testing of that person for HIV infection should be vigorously pursued

现已证明，在贯通伤接触HIV感染血液或严重的粘膜医学教育网搜集整理（口腔或眼睛）接触后，立即用抗逆转录病毒药物作暴露后预防治疗可以能降低传播率。对相对高危暴露，目前推荐用一个蛋白酶抑制剂结合两个逆转录酶抑制剂作暴露后预防治疗。有一项研究发现，AZT能降低针刺后的传播危险，――这也是证明预防有效的一次研究。由于大多数针刺的感染危险性低，预防效果的预期控制性研究也并不实用。在其他不部分HIV感染而使用ZDV、又无其他疾病的人员中，尚未发现短期用药的致癌和致畸现象。因此，有些妊娠早期妇女在怀疑或证实怀孕前需要进行预防性治疗，在治疗这些潜在的孕妇时就应特别注意。血液来源或血液HIV状况不明会引发其他许多问题，因此确认血液来源及对供血者进行HIV检测丝毫不能松懈。

如果是不同种类的HIV型，是有可能第二次感染的，但其危险性尚未有定论。

有不少患者是同时感染了两种HIV亚型的，可能是一次性感染的两种，也可能是先感染了一种，后来又感染了另外一种。

因此美国的专家建议，即便是HIV感染者寻求同样也是感染者的性伴侣，也要使用安全套，否则的话有可能被不同的亚型再次感染。混合感染有可能加大治疗的难度。

但是根据你的情况，KJ感染HIV的几率很小，不用过于担心。

参考：

Choosingpartners with like HIV status, such as infected person choosing partners known

to also have HIV, is called “serosorting” The safety of serosorting with

respect to HIV isn’t really known There are different strains of HIV and it

may be possible to catch a second HIV infection, perhaps one that is

drug-resistant and might not respond well to standard treatment of HIV/ADIS

Equally important, even with serosorting, unprotected sex still carries the

risk of passing STDs, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and herpes In

fact, at present there is a massive epidemic of syphilis occurring in

HIV-infected gay men in the US and other industrialized countries, probably

caused in part by serosorting according to HIV status

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