在中学英语中,常用 it 替代句子。现对此作一分析和归纳,供同学们学习时参考。
A 谓语动词是被动形式时,常用 it 替代主语从句。例如:
It hasn't been decided whether the meeting will be held
这个会议是否召开,尚未定下来。
B 主句是疑问句或感叹句时,则必须用形式主语 it 替代主语从句。例如:
Is it necessary that she'll come?
她有必要来吗?
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
孩子们如此安静,真奇怪!
C it 作为形式主语,常出现在下列结构中:
1 It +be+ 形容词+主语从句。例如:
It's possible that we'll be a little late
我们可能会晚一点儿到。
It was most likely that one third of them lost their lives
他们当中很可能有三分之一的人丧生。
2 It +be +分词+主语从句。例如:
It's surprising that there are so many unhappy marriages
有这么多婚姻不美满,真是令人吃惊。
It is suggested that the task ( should ) be finished in a week's time
有人建议在一周内完成这项任务。
3 It +be+ 名词(短语)+主语从句。例如:
It's a pity that he isn't here
真遗憾,他没有在这里。
It's a question where we can find this material
我们在哪儿能找到这种材料还是个问题。
4 It + 不及物动词+主语从句。例如:
It doesn't matter when they'll be back
他们什么时候回来无关紧要。
It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street
碰巧他在街上遇到了他的老师。
It seems / appears that someone is knocking at the door
似乎有人在敲门。
二 it 充当形式宾语时,真正的宾语要后置。
A 在 think, make, find, believe, feel, consider, hear 等动词后面跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)时,要用 it 作其中的形式宾语。例如:
We think it necessary that you will help him
我们认为你很有必要帮助他。
I felt it a surprise that they were all unfriendly to me
我感到惊奇的是,他们对我都不友好。
注意:若此类动词后面没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语,则一般不用 it 作形式宾语。如不可说: We consider it that you will go there
B like, enjoy, love, hate 等表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词后面跟宾语从句时,可用 it 作形式宾语,而宾语从句要紧跟在 it 之后。例如:
I love it when you sing
我喜欢听你唱歌。
I hate it when she speaks of me
我讨厌她说我。
C 由动词和介词(除 except, but 外)构成的 think of, answer for, depend on, rely on, see to 等短语动词后面,常用 it 作形式宾语,然后再接 that 引导的宾语从句。例如:
I will answer for it that he is honest
我可以担保他是诚实的。
You may depend on it that he will come in time
你可以相信他会及时来到。
三 it 作形式主语时指主句所表示的内容。例如:
1 If it is possible, hold up the part of the body which is bleeding[!--empirenewspage--]
如有可能,就把流血的身体部位抬高。
句中的 it 是指主句 hold up the part of the body which is bleeding if 后面的 it is 常可省略。
2 I would like to see him as soon as it is possible
我想尽快见到他。
此句中只能用形容词 possible ,而不能用副词 possibly 因为 as soon as possible 是 as soon as it is possible 的省略形式。
3 I can discuss the matter with you now, if it is necessary
如有必要,我现在就可以和你讨论此事。
此句中的 if necessary = if it is necessary
四 用 it 指代一个分句乃至整个句子。例如:
1 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help
汤姆的妈妈喋喋不休地告诉他应该努力学习,但却无济于事。
2 He is over seventy, but doesn't look like it
他已经七十多岁了,可是看起来却不像那么大。
3 John is trying to finish writing his book this month, but he won't find it easy
约翰想在这个月把书写完,不过他会发现这并不容易。
4 I've broken the mirror It can't be helped
我把镜子打破了,这是无法补救的。
5 They won the match after three hours' struggle It wasn't easy, though
他们经过三个小时的拼搏赢得了这场比赛。不过,这是来之不易的。
注意:代替整个句子的 it ,不能用在 know , remember, try, tell, forget 等动词之后。例如:
1 - The meeting has been put off
- Yes, I know (不说: Yes, I know it )
2 - Remember what he told you
- I'll remember (不说: Yes, I'll remember it )
3 - Be sure to tell him the news
- I won't forget (不说: I won't forget it )
希望能解决您的问题。
it that one 三个都是代词具体区别于
“this”、“that”既可以作形容词,又可以作指示代词;而“it”只能作代词。one可用数词又可作代词
指“物”
1“this”指近物,“that”指远物,“it”没有远近之分。如:
This is a computer 这是一台电脑。(在近处)
That is a bike 那是一辆自行车。(在远处)
2在回答“this”和“that”作主语的疑问句时,常用“it”代替“this”和“that”。如:
-Is this/that a car 这/那是一辆小汽车吗?
-Yes, it is/No, it isn′t 是的,它是。/不,它不是。
-What′s this/that 这/那是什么?
-It′s a ruler 这/那是一把尺子。
3陈述在一起的两样东西时,应先说“this”,后说“that”。如:
This is a book That is a pen 这是一本书,那是一枝钢笔。
4one与it的区别
one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个,但不是上文提到的那一个事物。如果指同类事物中的一些,要用ones。如:
This apple is small Please give me a big one
这个苹果小,请给我一个大的。
These books are mine Those ones are Lily's
这些书是我的,那些书是莉莉的。
it指代前文中提到过的那一个事物。如:
My bike is very old,but I like it very much
我的自行车很旧,但我很喜欢它。
Where is my new pen I can't find it
我的新钢笔在哪儿?我找不到它了。
练一练:
1---This is my dog,Spotty
---Oh,________is very lovely
2I havn't a pen Do you have_____
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型:1 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为(1)It be adj (for sb) to do sth
(2)It be adj of sb to do sth
(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型:
It’s no good/use doing…
It’s (well)worth doing…
It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do
2 It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1)It is + noun +从句
(2)It is adj +clause
It’s surprising that… (should)………竟然……
It’s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…
(3)It verb sb + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb that…
(4)It verb (to sb) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
(5)It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)
四、It 作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式宾语的常见句型:
1 verb+ it+ adj/noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
五、强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
1 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
2 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句。
3 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。
4 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。
六、It 常用的固定搭配
1 make it
(1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 。
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