嵌入式tomcatn优缺点_简述嵌入式tomcat的原理

嵌入式tomcatn优缺点_简述嵌入式tomcat的原理 准备工作我们知道SpringBoot的自动装配的秘密在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure包下的spring.factories文件中，而嵌入Tomcat的原理就在这个文件中加载的一个配置类：org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration@Configuration@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class, ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class, ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class, ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration { @Bean public ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer servletWebServerFactoryCustomizer( ServerProperties serverProperties) { return new ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties); } @Bean @ConditionalOnClass(name = "org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat") public TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer( ServerProperties serverProperties) { return new TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties); } /** * Registers a {@link WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor}. Registered via * {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar} for early registration. */ public static class BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware { private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory; @Override public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) { this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) beanFactory; } } @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { if (this.beanFactory == null) { return; } registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, "webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor", WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class); registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, "errorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor", ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor.class); } private void registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, String name, Class<?> beanClass) { if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty( this.beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(beanClass, true, false))) { RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(beanClass); beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true); registry.registerBeanDefinition(name, beanDefinition); } } }}首先看一下上方的几个注解@AutoConfigureOrder这个注解是决定配置类的加载顺序的，当注解里的值越小越先加载，而Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE的值是Integer.MIN_VALUE也就是说这个类肯定是最先加载的那一批@ConditionalOnXXX在之前的文章中已经无数次提到了，就不再阐述了@EnableConfigurationProperties开启ServerProperties类的属性值配置。

而这个类里面包含的就是Web服务的配置@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)public class ServerProperties { private Integer port; private InetAddress address; @NestedConfigurationProperty private final ErrorProperties error = new ErrorProperties(); private Boolean useForwardHeaders; private String serverHeader; private int maxHttpHeaderSize = 0; // bytes private Duration connectionTimeout; @NestedConfigurationProperty private Ssl ssl; @NestedConfigurationProperty private final Compression compression = new Compression(); @NestedConfigurationProperty private final Http2 http2 = new Http2(); private final Servlet servlet = new Servlet(); private final Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); private final Jetty jetty = new Jetty(); private final Undertow undertow = new Undertow();}这个类的代码太多了，这里就不一一贴出来了，我们平常在application.properties中配置的server.xxx就是这个类中属性@Import引入了4个类，看都是什么吧BeanPostProcessorsRegistrarpublic static class BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware { @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { if (this.beanFactory == null) { return; } registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, "webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor", WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class); registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, "errorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor", ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor.class); } private void registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, String name, Class<?> beanClass) { if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty( this.beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(beanClass, true, false))) { RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(beanClass); beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true); registry.registerBeanDefinition(name, beanDefinition); } } }这个类注册了两个bean：WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor和ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor关于这两个bean的作用稍后再详细介绍EmbeddedTomcat@Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory() { return new TomcatServletWebServerFactory(); } }这个类会在存在Tomcat相关jar包时添加一个TomcatServletWebServerFactorybean其他两个相信大家都知道怎么回事了除了这些这个类还注入了两个类ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer和TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer现在前期准备工作已经做好了，看一下这个Tomcat是如何启动的吧启动启动入口在ServletWebServerApplicationContext中的onRefresh方法protected void onRefresh() { super.onRefresh(); try { createWebServer(); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex); } }Tomcat的启动就在createWebServer方法里面了private void createWebServer() { WebServer webServer = this.webServer; ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext(); //第一次访问的时候两个对象都为空 if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) { ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory(); this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer()); } else if (servletContext != null) { try { getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext); } catch (ServletException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex); } } initPropertySources(); }首先看一下getWebServerFactoryprotected ServletWebServerFactory getWebServerFactory() { // 这里获取的beanname就是上方注册的tomcatServletWebServerFactory了 String[] beanNames = getBeanFactory() .getBeanNamesForType(ServletWebServerFactory.class); if (beanNames.length == 0) { throw new ApplicationContextException( "Unable to start ServletWebServerApplicationContext due to missing " + "ServletWebServerFactory bean."); } if (beanNames.length > 1) { throw new ApplicationContextException( "Unable to start ServletWebServerApplicationContext due to multiple " + "ServletWebServerFactory beans : " + StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(beanNames)); } return getBeanFactory().getBean(beanNames[0], ServletWebServerFactory.class); }准备环境里注册的bean现在出来一个了。

注意，上方还注册了一个后置处理器EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor，获取beantomcatServletWebServerFactory的时候就会执行后置处理器的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { if (bean instanceof WebServerFactory) { postProcessBeforeInitialization((WebServerFactory) bean); } return bean;}private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(WebServerFactory webServerFactory) { LambdaSafe .callbacks(WebServerFactoryCustomizer.class, getCustomizers(), webServerFactory) .withLogger(WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class) .invoke((customizer) -> customizer.customize(webServerFactory)); } private Collection<WebServerFactoryCustomizer<?>> getCustomizers() { if (this.customizers == null) { // Look up does not include the parent context this.customizers = new ArrayList<>(getWebServerFactoryCustomizerBeans()); this.customizers.sort(AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers); } return this.customizers; } @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" }) private Collection<WebServerFactoryCustomizer<?>> getWebServerFactoryCustomizerBeans() { return (Collection) this.beanFactory .getBeansOfType(WebServerFactoryCustomizer.class, false, false).values(); }这个处理器的作用是获得所有定制器，然后执行定制器的方法接着往下看这个时候就可以启动Tomcat了public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat")); tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath()); Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol); tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector); customizeConnector(connector); tomcat.setConnector(connector); tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false); configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()); for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) { tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector); } prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers); return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat); }protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) { return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0); }public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) { Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null"); this.tomcat = tomcat; this.autoStart = autoStart; initialize(); }private void initialize() throws WebServerException { TomcatWebServer.logger .info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false)); synchronized (this.monitor) { try { addInstanceIdToEngineName(); Context context = findContext(); context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> { if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) { // Remove service connectors so that protocol binding doesn't // happen when the service is started. removeServiceConnectors(); } }); // Start the server to trigger initialization listeners this.tomcat.start(); // We can re-throw failure exception directly in the main thread rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions(); try { ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader()); } catch (NamingException ex) { // Naming is not enabled. Continue } // Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a // blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown startDaemonAwaitThread(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex); } } }