<h1 ID="expect实现自动交互由浅入深">expect实现自动交互由浅入深
作为运维人员可以通过Shell可以实现简单的控制流功能，如：循环、判断等。但是对于需要交互的场合则必须通过人工来干预，有时候我们可能会需要实现和交互程序如telnet服务器等进行交互的功能。而Expect就使用来实现这种功能的工具。Expect是一个免费的编程工具语言，用来实现自动和交互式任务进行通信，而无需人的干预。
安装expect,直接yum install expect -y
启动expect进程（spawn）--> 接收进程字符串(expect) --> 匹配字符串，成功发送字符串(send)，否则等待 --> 结束
好了就直接步入主题吧，不扯那些没用的。直接上实例：
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.exp#!/usr/bin/expectset timeout 30spawn ssh -l root 192.168.1.106expect {"(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r" }"password:" { send "jiajIE\r" }}interact./test.exp如果报错-bash: ./test.exp: Permission denIEd,给744权限即可。
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.exp
#!/usr/bin/expectset ip 192.168.1.106set user rootset password jiajIEset timeout 30spawn ssh -l $user $ipexpect {"(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }"password:" { send "$password\r" }}interactset:设置变量，后面直接变量，通过“$变量名”来调用
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.exp !/usr/bin/expectif {$argc!=3} {
send_user "Usage:expect need three arguments:ip user password\n"
exit 1
}
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
set timeout 30
spawn ssh -l $user $ip
expect {
"(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password:" { send "$password\r" }
}
interact
[lindex $argv num]：表示位置参数，从num=0开始
send_user: 打印当前提示，相当于shell里的echo.
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.exp !/usr/bin/expectif {$argc!=3} {
send_user "Usage:expect need three arguments:ip user password\n"
exit 1
}
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
set timeout 30
spawn ssh -l $user $ip
expect {
"(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password:" { send "$password\r" }
}
expect "]#" { send "useradd jj\r" }
expect "]#" { send "echo jiajIE|passwd --stdin jj\r" }
send "exit\r"
expect eof
exit -onexit {
send_user "useradd jj is successfully.\n"
send_user "Jobs has finished,Goodbye.\n"
}
执行后的结果输出：
[root@localhost shell.sh]# ./test.exp 192.168.1.106 root jiajIEspawn ssh -l root [email protected]'s password: Last login: Sat Sep 9 03:47:48 2017 from web[root@localhost ~]# useradd jj[root@localhost ~]# echo jiajIE|passwd --stdin jjChanging password for user jj.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.[root@localhost ~]# exitlogoutConnection to 192.168.1.106 closed.useradd jj is successfully.Jobs has finished,Goodbye.send "exit\r":登录出当前环境。
expect eof：结束expect匹配。
exit -onexit{...}：打印结束的提示信息。
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.sh!/bin/baship=$1
user=$2
password=$3
expect <<EOF
set timeout 10
spawn ssh -l $user $ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send "$password\n" }
}
expect "]#" { send "useradd jj\n" }
expect "]#" { send "echo jiajIE|passwd --stdin jj\n" }
expect "]#" { send "exit\n" }
expect eof
EOF
执行后的输出结果：
[root@localhost shell.sh]# ./test.sh 192.168.1.106 root jiajIEspawn ssh -l root [email protected]'s password: Last login: Sat Sep 9 04:10:46 2017 from web[root@localhost ~]# useradd jj[root@localhost ~]# echo jiajIE|passwd --stdin jjChanging password for user jj.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.[root@localhost ~]# exitlogoutConnection to 192.168.1.106 closed.[root@localhost shell.sh]# 通过shell脚本通过调用expect脚本实现批量认证:
expect脚本：
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim scp.exp!/usr/bin/expectif {$argc!=3} {
send_user "Usage:expect need three arguments lisk thks:file host dir\n"
exit 1
}
set srcname [lindex $argv 0]
set hostname [lindex $argv 1]
set destname [lindex $argv 2]
set password "jiajIE"
spawn scp $srcname root@$hostname:$destname
set timeout 30
expect {
-timeout 2 "yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} "*password:" {send "$password\r"}
timeout {puts "expect connect failure,please contact admin.";return}}
expect eof
exit -onexit {
send_user "Jobs has finished,Goodbye.\n"
}
shell脚本：
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim scp.sh !/bin/bashif [[ "$#" != "2" ]];then
echo "Usage:$0 src_filename des_filename"
exit 0
fi
IP_List=(
192.168.1.106
192.168.1.170
192.168.1.10
)
. /etc/init.d/functions
for ip in ${IP_List[*]}
do
expect scp.exp $1 $ip $2 &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "$ip" /bin/true
else
action "$ip" /bin/false
fi
done
scp.sh脚本通过调用expect脚本来实现分发功能。执行结果如下：
[root@localhost shell.sh]# sh scp.sh /etc/fstab /tmp/192.168.1.106 [ OK ]192.168.1.170 [ OK ]192.168.1.10 [Failed]因为并没有192.168.1.10所有报错。
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