Programmatically dumping heap from Java applications规格严格

http://blogs.oracle.com/sundararajan/?page=7

In the troubleshooting BOF, we demonstrated how to use the jmap -dump option to dump heap dump of a running application and showed how to browse/analyze the resulting binary heap dump using the jhat tool.

One of the questions was how to programmatically dump the heap from applications. For example, you may want to dump multiple heap snapshots from your application at various points in time and analyze those off line using jhat. Yes, you can dump heap from your application -- but you have to do a bit of programming as shown below:

import javax.management.MBeanServer;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import com.sun.management.HotSpotDiagnosticMXBean;

public class HeapDumper {
    // This is the name of the HotSpot Diagnostic MBean
    private static final String HOTSPOT_BEAN_NAME =
         "com.sun.management:type=HotSpotDiagnostic";

    // field to store the hotspot diagnostic MBean 
    private static volatile HotSpotDiagnosticMXBean hotspotMBean;

    /\*\*
     \* Call this method from your application whenever you 
     \* want to dump the heap snapshot into a file.
     \*
     \* @param fileName name of the heap dump file
     \* @param live flag that tells whether to dump
     \*             only the live objects
     \*/
    static void dumpHeap(String fileName, boolean live) {
        // initialize hotspot diagnostic MBean
        initHotspotMBean();
        try {
            hotspotMBean.dumpHeap(fileName, live);
        } catch (RuntimeException re) {
            throw re;
        } catch (Exception exp) {
            throw new RuntimeException(exp);
        }
    }

    // initialize the hotspot diagnostic MBean field
    private static void initHotspotMBean() {
        if (hotspotMBean == null) {
            synchronized (HeapDumper.class) {
                if (hotspotMBean == null) {
                    hotspotMBean = getHotspotMBean();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // get the hotspot diagnostic MBean from the
    // platform MBean server
    private static HotSpotDiagnosticMXBean getHotspotMBean() {
        try {
            MBeanServer server = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer();
            HotSpotDiagnosticMXBean bean = 
                ManagementFactory.newPlatformMXBeanProxy(server,
                HOTSPOT_BEAN_NAME, HotSpotDiagnosticMXBean.class);
            return bean;
        } catch (RuntimeException re) {
            throw re;
        } catch (Exception exp) {
            throw new RuntimeException(exp);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // default heap dump file name
        String fileName = "heap.bin";
        // by default dump only the live objects
        boolean live = true;

        // simple command line options
        switch (args.length) {
            case 2:
                live = args[1].equals("true");
            case 1:
                fileName = args[0];
        }

        // dump the heap
        dumpHeap(fileName, live);
    }
}

By including the above class in your application, you can call HeapDumper.dumpHeap whenever you want to dump the heap as shown in the sample main.

Important note: while you can dump multiple heap snapshots from your application, you can not correlate the objects from multiple dumps. jmap tool uses object addresses as object identifiers - which vary between garbage collections [recall that GC may move objects which changes the object addresses]. But, you can correlate by aggregate stat such as histogram etc.