手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计界面

手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计界面 前言

前段时间在微博看到一段摸鱼人的倒计时模板，感觉还挺有趣的。

于是我用了一小时的时间写了个页面出来 摸鱼办地址 (当然是摸鱼的时间啦)。

模板是这样的:

摸鱼办公室 

【摸鱼办公室】今天是 2021-11-30 星期二

你好，摸鱼人，工作再累，一定不要忘记摸鱼哦 ! 有事没事起身去茶水间去廊道去天台走走，别老在工位上坐着。多喝点水，钱是老板的，但命是自己的 !

 距离 周末 放假还有 2 天

 距离 元旦 放假还有 3 天

 距离 过年 放假还有 34 天

 距离 清明节 放假还有 97 天

 距离 劳动节 放假还有 123 天

 距离 端午节 放假还有 156 天

 距离 中秋节 放假还有 255 天

 距离 国庆节 放假还有 276 天

• 由于前端是单页面服务，直接撸一个原始的 html 网页就行。
• FastAPI 对于异步请求是一把好手、更轻、性能更佳。
• 挂上一层 Nginx 让它看起来像那么回事儿。

实现过程

• 首先要知道、除了静态文字之外的比如当前日期、距离节日放假的天数等都是动态返回的，我需要使用 Jinja2 模板进行动态绑定。
• 我应该把重点放在时间的处理上。
• 而且在这个模板中，有阳历的节日，也是阴历的节日，我需要转换。

初始化一个 FastAPI 对象并声明静态页面的模板目录 (Jinja2Templates)

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
   import datetime 
   from fastapi import FastAPI, Request 
   from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse 
   from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates 
   from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date 
   
   app = FastAPI( 
       debug=False, 
       title="My API", 
       docs_url="/docs", 
       openapi_url=f"/openapi.json" 
   ) 
   
   templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates") 

可以看到的是我用到了 zhdate 这个库、主要用于阴历和阳历之间的相互转换。用法如下

1. today = datetime.date.today() 
   print(today.year, today.month, today.day) 
   print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date()) 
   print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date()) 
   print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date()) 
   print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01") 
   print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year}-04-05") 
   print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year}-05-01") 
   print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year}-10-01") 

我们可以梳理一下:

• 计算距离 大年、元旦 的天数时，要在年份上 +1
• 计算距离 其他节日 的天数时，要判断天数差是否小于 0，如果是，则年份需要 +1，因为已经过去的节日对此没有意义

1. distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   
   distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else ( 
           lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   
   distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else ( 
           lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   
   distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   
   distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else ( 
           datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   
   distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else ( 
           datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   
   distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else ( 
           datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 

怎么样? 我的命名足够疯狂吧。

接下来需要计算一下距离周末的天数。

1. def get_week_day(date): 
       week_day_dict = { 
           0: '星期一', 
           1: '星期二', 
           2: '星期三', 
           3: '星期四', 
           4: '星期五', 
           5: '星期六', 
           6: '星期天', 
       } 
       day = date.weekday() 
       return week_day_dict[day] 
   
   week_day_ = get_week_day(today) 
   print(f"今天是: {week_day_}") # 先获取今天是星期几 

按照每周 5 个工作日计算，今天距离周末的天数就是

1. 5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距离周末 

现在将所有的数据组装起来

1. time_ = [ 
       {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"},  # 距离元旦 
       {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"},  # 距离过年 
       {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"},  # 距离清明 
       {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"},  # 距离劳动 
       {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"},  # 距离端午 
       {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"},  # 距离中秋 
       {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"},  # 距离国庆 
   ] 

至于为什么是 List 而不是 Dict，那是我需要做一个根据距离天数的排序，让最先放假的节日放于最前面， 这样看起来会舒服得多。

1. time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False) 

接下来要写一个 路由，将数据传入到 html 页面中去。

1. @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse) 
   async def readme(request: Request): 
       return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html", 
                                         {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_}) 

来看一下完整的代码 (main.py):

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
   import datetime 
   from fastapi import FastAPI, Request 
   from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse 
   from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates 
   from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date 
   
   app = FastAPI( 
       debug=False, 
       title="My API", 
       docs_url=f"/docs", 
       openapi_url=f"/openapi.json" 
   ) 
   
   templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates") 
   
   today = datetime.date.today() 
   
   # print(today.year, today.month, today.day) 
   # print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date()) 
   # print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date()) 
   # print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date()) 
   # print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01") 
   # print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-04-05") 
   # print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-05-01") 
   # print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-10-01") 
   
   distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   
   distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else ( 
           lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   
   distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else ( 
           lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
   
   distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   
   distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else ( 
           datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   
   distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else ( 
           datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   
   distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else ( 
           datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
   
   
   def get_week_day(date): 
       week_day_dict = { 
           0: '星期一', 
           1: '星期二', 
           2: '星期三', 
           3: '星期四', 
           4: '星期五', 
           5: '星期六', 
           6: '星期天', 
       } 
       day = date.weekday() 
       return week_day_dict[day] 
   
   
   # print("距离大年: ", distance_big_year) 
   # print("距离端午: ", distance_5_5) 
   # print("距离中秋: ", distance_8_15) 
   # print("距离元旦: ", distance_year) 
   # print("距离清明: ", distance_4_5) 
   # print("距离劳动: ", distance_5_1) 
   # print("距离国庆: ", distance_10_1) 
   # print("距离周末: ", 5 - today.weekday()) 
   
   now_ = f"{today.year}年{today.month}月{today.day}日" 
   week_day_ = get_week_day(today) 
   time_ = [ 
       {"v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末"},  # 距离周末 
       {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"},  # 距离元旦 
       {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"},  # 距离过年 
       {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"},  # 距离清明 
       {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"},  # 距离劳动 
       {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"},  # 距离端午 
       {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"},  # 距离中秋 
       {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"},  # 距离国庆 
   ] 
   
   time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False) 
   
   
   @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse) 
   async def readme(request: Request): 
       return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html", 
                                         {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_}) 
   
   
   if __name__ == '__main__': 
       import uvicorn 
   
       uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True) 

最后就到了 html 页面部分了，来看一下主要的传值。

1.  
       【摸鱼办公室】今天是 {{ now_ }} {{ week_day_ }} 
       
   
    
       {% for v_ in time_ %} 
           
    距离 {{ v_.title }} 放假还有 {{ v_.v_ }} 天
    
       {% else %} 
           
   沒有任何值
    
       {% endfor %} 
   
    

这样整个的路由构造和页面编写就算是完成了。

最后通过 Nginx 部署到我的站点上。

摸鱼办预览地址

代码已经上传至 摸鱼办：

https://docs.qq.com/doc/DV2hMT29NemJydVdN