HTML5如何在网页中实现3D效果_随笔

CSS3除了为开发者提供二维变形之外，还将动画从二维平面推动到了三维立体状态，能够实现真正的三维特效。

三维变形和二维变形一样，均使用的是transform属性。想要触发三维变形有两种方式：一种方式是通过语法告知浏览器“请采用三维方式进行变形处理”，另一种方式是直接使用CSS3三维变形的语法。

触发方法1：告知浏览器变形方式

-webkit-transform-style:preserve-3d

Tips：IE不支持三维变形，在移动端，绝大多数的浏览器均为WebKit内核，因此，在此句代码之前需要书写-webkit-的前缀内核。

Tips：不要为body元素设置-webkit- transform-style: preserve 3d,否则会对position:fixed定位的元素造成布局影响。在开发当中，如果当前元素属于body的子级元素，又希望应用三维变形，则在body和当前元素之间多嵌套一层结构，并为这层元素应用三维变形即可。

触发方法2：直接使用CSS3变形语法

<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>

<title>言成科技/title>

<style>

.box1 {

width: 150px

height: 150px

border: 2px solid blue

}

.box1 div {

height: 150px

background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)

-webkit-transform: translate3d(30px, 60px, 20px) rotateX(30deg)

transform: translate3d(30px, 60px, 20px) rotateX(30deg)

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

</div>

</body>

</html>

具体三维变形的具体属性详见《CSS3-3D相关知识详解—视角以及变形方向》

3D效果制作

需求

制作一个立方体，并进行旋转

代码实例

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head>

<style>

.main-bac { -webkit-perspective:1500 } /*设定透视距离*/

.main{

width:200px

height:200px

margin: 0 auto

position:relative

-webkit-transform-style:preserve-3d

-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 2s ease 0s/*过渡时间*/

}

/*基本样式*/

.main p{

position: absolute

margin: 0

padding: 0

width: 200px

height: 200px

text-align: center

line-height: 200px

font-size: 26px

opacity:0.5

}

/*将第一个元素Z轴向前移动100px，形成第一个面（正面）*/

.main p:nth-of-type(1) {

background-color:red

-webkit-transform:translateZ(100px)

}

/*将第一个元素Z轴向前移动100px，绕x轴旋转90度形成上面的面*/

.main p:nth-of-type(2) {

background-color:orange

-webkit-transform:rotateX(90deg) translateZ(100px)

}

/*将第一个元素Z轴向前移动100px，绕x轴旋转-90度形成下边的面*/

.main p:nth-of-type(3) {

background-color:yellow

-webkit-transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(100px)

}

/*将第一个元素Z轴向前移动100px，绕y轴旋转90度形成右侧的面*/

.main p:nth-of-type(4) {

background-color:green

-webkit-transform:rotateY(90deg) translateZ(100px)

}

/*将第一个元素Z轴向前移动100px，绕y轴旋转-90度形成左侧的面*/

.main p:nth-of-type(5) {

background-color:#b435bf

-webkit-transform:rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(100px)

}

/*将第一个元素Z轴向前移动100px，绕y轴旋转180度形成后面（背面）*/

.main p:nth-of-type(6) {

background-color:blue

-webkit-transform:rotateY(180deg) translateZ(100px)

}

/*鼠标移入时绕Y轴旋转180度，绕Z轴旋转180度*/

.main:hover {-webkit-transform:rotateY(180deg) rotateZ(180deg) }

</style>

</head>

<body>

<p>JavaScript</p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

代码解析

当鼠标移入的时候，立方体逐渐的发生旋转（非突变），围绕X轴旋转45度的同时，围绕Y轴旋转45度。

当鼠标移出立方体时，立方体恢复到初始状态。在最开始状态时，并没有采用无限远的视角，设置一定的视角，让刚开始时直视立方体时，不会觉得是一个平面。

3D效果制作-目标效果图

以上资料来源：《HTML5布局之路》

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>粒子漩涡特效</title>

<style>

html,body{

margin:0px

width:100%

height:100%

overflow:hidden

background:#000

}

#canvas{

position:absolute

width:100%

height:100%

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

function project3D(x,y,z,vars){

var p,d

x-=vars.camX

y-=vars.camY-8

z-=vars.camZ

p=Math.atan2(x,z)

d=Math.sqrt(x*x+z*z)

x=Math.sin(p-vars.yaw)*d

z=Math.cos(p-vars.yaw)*d

p=Math.atan2(y,z)

d=Math.sqrt(y*y+z*z)

y=Math.sin(p-vars.pitch)*d

z=Math.cos(p-vars.pitch)*d

var rx1=-1000

var ry1=1

var rx2=1000

var ry2=1

var rx3=0

var ry3=0

var rx4=x

var ry4=z

var uc=(ry4-ry3)*(rx2-rx1)-(rx4-rx3)*(ry2-ry1)

var ua=((rx4-rx3)*(ry1-ry3)-(ry4-ry3)*(rx1-rx3))/uc

var ub=((rx2-rx1)*(ry1-ry3)-(ry2-ry1)*(rx1-rx3))/uc

if(!z)z=0.000000001

if(ua>0&&ua<1&&ub>0&&ub<1){

return {

x:vars.cx+(rx1+ua*(rx2-rx1))*vars.scale,

y:vars.cy+y/z*vars.scale,

d:(x*x+y*y+z*z)

}

}else{

return { d:-1 }

}

function elevation(x,y,z){

var dist = Math.sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)

if(dist &&z/dist>=-1 &&z/dist <=1) return Math.acos(z / dist)

return 0.00000001

}

function rgb(col){

col += 0.000001

var r = parseInt((0.5+Math.sin(col)*0.5)*16)

var g = parseInt((0.5+Math.cos(col)*0.5)*16)

var b = parseInt((0.5-Math.sin(col)*0.5)*16)

return "#"+r.toString(16)+g.toString(16)+b.toString(16)

}

function interpolateColors(RGB1,RGB2,degree){

var w2=degree

var w1=1-w2

return [w1*RGB1[0]+w2*RGB2[0],w1*RGB1[1]+w2*RGB2[1],w1*RGB1[2]+w2*RGB2[2]]

}

function rgbArray(col){

col += 0.000001

var r = parseInt((0.5+Math.sin(col)*0.5)*256)

var g = parseInt((0.5+Math.cos(col)*0.5)*256)

var b = parseInt((0.5-Math.sin(col)*0.5)*256)

return [r, g, b]

}

function colorString(arr){

var r = parseInt(arr[0])

var g = parseInt(arr[1])

var b = parseInt(arr[2])

return "#"+("0" + r.toString(16) ).slice (-2)+("0" + g.toString(16) ).slice (-2)+("0" + b.toString(16) ).slice (-2)

}

function process(vars){

if(vars.points.length<vars.initParticles) for(var i=0i<5++i) spawnParticle(vars)

var p,d,t

p = Math.atan2(vars.camX, vars.camZ)

d = Math.sqrt(vars.camX * vars.camX + vars.camZ * vars.camZ)

d -= Math.sin(vars.frameNo / 80) / 25

t = Math.cos(vars.frameNo / 300) / 165

vars.camX = Math.sin(p + t) * d

vars.camZ = Math.cos(p + t) * d

vars.camY = -Math.sin(vars.frameNo / 220) * 15

vars.yaw = Math.PI + p + t

vars.pitch = elevation(vars.camX, vars.camZ, vars.camY) - Math.PI / 2

var t

for(var i=0i<vars.points.length++i){

x=vars.points[i].x

y=vars.points[i].y

z=vars.points[i].z

d=Math.sqrt(x*x+z*z)/1.0075

t=.1/(1+d*d/5)

p=Math.atan2(x,z)+t

vars.points[i].x=Math.sin(p)*d

vars.points[i].z=Math.cos(p)*d

vars.points[i].y+=vars.points[i].vy*t*((Math.sqrt(vars.distributionRadius)-d)*2)

if(vars.points[i].y>vars.vortexHeight/2 || d<.25){

vars.points.splice(i,1)

spawnParticle(vars)

}

function drawFloor(vars){

var x,y,z,d,point,a

for (var i = -25i <= 25i += 1) {

for (var j = -25j <= 25j += 1) {

x = i*2

z = j*2

y = vars.floor

d = Math.sqrt(x * x + z * z)

point = project3D(x, y-d*d/85, z, vars)

if (point.d != -1) {

size = 1 + 15000 / (1 + point.d)

a = 0.15 - Math.pow(d / 50, 4) * 0.15

if (a >0) {

vars.ctx.fillStyle = colorString(interpolateColors(rgbArray(d/26-vars.frameNo/40),[0,128,32],.5+Math.sin(d/6-vars.frameNo/8)/2))

vars.ctx.globalAlpha = a

vars.ctx.fillRect(point.x-size/2,point.y-size/2,size,size)

}

vars.ctx.fillStyle = "#82f"

for (var i = -25i <= 25i += 1) {

for (var j = -25j <= 25j += 1) {

x = i*2

z = j*2

y = -vars.floor

d = Math.sqrt(x * x + z * z)

point = project3D(x, y+d*d/85, z, vars)

if (point.d != -1) {

size = 1 + 15000 / (1 + point.d)

a = 0.15 - Math.pow(d / 50, 4) * 0.15

if (a >0) {

vars.ctx.fillStyle = colorString(interpolateColors(rgbArray(-d/26-vars.frameNo/40),[32,0,128],.5+Math.sin(-d/6-vars.frameNo/8)/2))

vars.ctx.globalAlpha = a

vars.ctx.fillRect(point.x-size/2,point.y-size/2,size,size)

}

function sortFunction(a,b){

return b.dist-a.dist

}

function draw(vars){

vars.ctx.globalAlpha=.15

vars.ctx.fillStyle="#000"

vars.ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)

drawFloor(vars)

var point,x,y,z,a

for(var i=0i<vars.points.length++i){

x=vars.points[i].x

y=vars.points[i].y

z=vars.points[i].z

point=project3D(x,y,z,vars)

if(point.d != -1){

vars.points[i].dist=point.d

size=1+vars.points[i].radius/(1+point.d)

d=Math.abs(vars.points[i].y)

a = .8 - Math.pow(d / (vars.vortexHeight/2), 1000) * .8

vars.ctx.globalAlpha=a>=0&&a<=1?a:0

vars.ctx.fillStyle=rgb(vars.points[i].color)

if(point.x>-1&&point.x<vars.canvas.width&&point.y>-1&&point.y<vars.canvas.height)vars.ctx.fillRect(point.x-size/2,point.y-size/2,size,size)

}

vars.points.sort(sortFunction)

}

function spawnParticle(vars){

var p,ls

pt={}

p=Math.PI*2*Math.random()

ls=Math.sqrt(Math.random()*vars.distributionRadius)

pt.x=Math.sin(p)*ls

pt.y=-vars.vortexHeight/2

pt.vy=vars.initV/20+Math.random()*vars.initV

pt.z=Math.cos(p)*ls

pt.radius=200+800*Math.random()

pt.color=pt.radius/1000+vars.frameNo/250

vars.points.push(pt)

}

function frame(vars) {

if(vars === undefined){

var vars={}

vars.canvas = document.querySelector("canvas")

vars.ctx = vars.canvas.getContext("2d")

vars.canvas.width = document.body.clientWidth

vars.canvas.height = document.body.clientHeight

window.addEventListener("resize", function(){

vars.canvas.width = document.body.clientWidth

vars.canvas.height = document.body.clientHeight

vars.cx=vars.canvas.width/2

vars.cy=vars.canvas.height/2

}, true)

vars.frameNo=0

vars.camX = 0

vars.camY = 0

vars.camZ = -14

vars.pitch = elevation(vars.camX, vars.camZ, vars.camY) - Math.PI / 2

vars.yaw = 0

vars.cx=vars.canvas.width/2

vars.cy=vars.canvas.height/2

vars.bounding=10

vars.scale=500

vars.floor=26.5

vars.points=[]

vars.initParticles=700

vars.initV=.01

vars.distributionRadius=800

vars.vortexHeight=25

}

vars.frameNo++

requestAnimationFrame(function() {

frame(vars)

})

process(vars)

draw(vars)

}

frame()

</script>

</body>

</html>

欢迎分享，转载请注明来源：内存溢出

原文地址: https://outofmemory.cn/zaji/7008927.html

HTML5如何在网页中实现3D效果

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