//流水灯
#include <REG51h> //51头文件
#define DY_PORT P1 //设置LED连接的I/O组
#define DY_SPEED 100 //设置每一个明亮级的停留时间（值域：0~65535）
void delay (unsigned int a){ // 1ms延时程序
unsigned int i;
while( --a != 0){
for(i = 0; i < 600; i++);
}
}
void main(void){
unsigned int i;
unsigned int temp;
while(1){
temp=0x01;
for(i=0;i<8;i++){ //8个流水灯逐个闪动
DY_PORT=~temp;
delay(DY_SPEED); //调用延时函数
temp<<=1;
}
temp=0x80;
for(i=0;i<8;i++){ //8个流水灯反向逐个闪动
DY_PORT=~temp;
delay(DY_SPEED); //调用延时函数
temp>>=1;
}
temp=0xFE;
for(i=0;i<8;i++){ //8个流水灯依次全部点亮
DY_PORT=temp;
delay(DY_SPEED); //调用延时函数
temp<<=1;
}
temp=0x7F;
for(i=0;i<8;i++){ //8个流水灯依次反向全部点亮
DY_PORT=temp;
delay(DY_SPEED); //调用延时函数
temp>>=1;
}
}
}
确实是初学呀，P0，P1，P2都有8个IO口，所以暂且给你都安排在第一个口吧。
#include<reg51h>
#define uchar unsigned char
sbit key=P0^0;
sbit pluse1=P1^0;
sbit pluse2=P2^0;
void delay(int ms)
{
uchar i ;
while(ms--)for(i=0;i<120;i++);
}
main()
{
uchar num;
while(1)
{
if(key==0)
{
delay(10);
if(key==0)
{
while(key==0);
num++;
num%=2;
if(num==1)
{
pluse1=0;
delay(500);
pluse1=1;
}
else
{
pluse2=0;
delay(500);
pluse2=1;
}
}
}
}
}
#include <REG52H>
#include "SoundPlayh"
void Delay1ms(unsigned int count)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
for(j=0;j<120;j++);
}
unsigned char code Music_Two[] ={ 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02,
0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03,
0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01,
0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x01,
0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02,
0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03,
0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x01,
0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x00,
0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,
0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
0x1A,0x02, 0x1A,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03,
0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
0x19,0x02, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E,
0x1B,0x04, 0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E,
0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03,
0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,
0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x02,
0x1A,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x01,
0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,
0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
0x17,0x16, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x0F,0x02,
0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };
//
main()
{
InitialSound();
while(1)
{
Play(Music_Girl,0,3,360);
Delay1ms(500);
Play(Music_Same,0,3,360);
Delay1ms(500);
Play(Music_Two,0,3,360);
Delay1ms(500);
}
}
/
SOUND PLAY FOR 51MCU
COPYRIGHT (c) 2005 BY JJJ
-- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED --
File Name: SoundPlayh
Author: Jiang Jian Jun
Created: 2005/5/16
Modified: NO
Revision: 10
/
/说明
曲谱存贮格式 unsigned char code MusicName{音高，音长，音高，音长, 0,0}; 末尾:0,0 表示结束(Important)
音高由三位数字组成：
个位是表示 1~7 这七个音符
十位是表示音符所在的音区:1-低音，2-中音，3-高音;
百位表示这个音符是否要升半音: 0-不升，1-升半音。
音长最多由三位数字组成：
个位表示音符的时值，其对应关系是：
|数值(n): |0 |1 |2 |3 | 4 | 5 | 6
|几分音符: |1 |2 |4 |8 |16 |32 |64 音符=2^n
十位表示音符的演奏效果(0-2): 0-普通，1-连音，2-顿音
百位是符点位: 0-无符点，1-有符点
调用演奏子程序的格式
Play(乐曲名,调号,升降八度,演奏速度);
|乐曲名 : 要播放的乐曲指针,结尾以(0,0)结束;
|调号(0-11) : 是指乐曲升多少个半音演奏;
|升降八度(1-3) : 1:降八度, 2:不升不降, 3:升八度;
|演奏速度(1-12000): 值越大速度越快;
/
#ifndef __SOUNDPLAY_H_REVISION_FIRST__
#define __SOUNDPLAY_H_REVISION_FIRST__
//
#define SYSTEM_OSC 12000000 //定义晶振频率12000000HZ
#define SOUND_SPACE 4/5 //定义普通音符演奏的长度分率,//每4分音符间隔
sbit BeepIO = P3^7; //定义输出管脚
unsigned int code FreTab[12] = { 262,277,294,311,330,349,369,392,415,440,466,494 }; //原始频率表
unsigned char code SignTab[7] = { 0,2,4,5,7,9,11 }; //1~7在频率表中的位置
unsigned char code LengthTab[7]= { 1,2,4,8,16,32,64 };
unsigned char Sound_Temp_TH0,Sound_Temp_TL0; //音符定时器初值暂存
unsigned char Sound_Temp_TH1,Sound_Temp_TL1; //音长定时器初值暂存
//
void InitialSound(void)
{
BeepIO = 0;
Sound_Temp_TH1 = (65535-(1/1200)SYSTEM_OSC)/256; // 计算TL1应装入的初值 (10ms的初装值)
Sound_Temp_TL1 = (65535-(1/1200)SYSTEM_OSC)%256; // 计算TH1应装入的初值
TH1 = Sound_Temp_TH1;
TL1 = Sound_Temp_TL1;
TMOD |= 0x11;
ET0 = 1;
ET1 = 0;
TR0 = 0;
TR1 = 0;
EA = 1;
}
void BeepTimer0(void) interrupt 1 //音符发生中断
{
BeepIO = !BeepIO;
TH0 = Sound_Temp_TH0;
TL0 = Sound_Temp_TL0;
}
//
void Play(unsigned char Sound,unsigned char Signature,unsigned Octachord,unsigned int Speed)
{
unsigned int NewFreTab[12]; //新的频率表
unsigned char i,j;
unsigned int Point,LDiv,LDiv0,LDiv1,LDiv2,LDiv4,CurrentFre,Temp_T,SoundLength;
unsigned char Tone,Length,SL,SH,SM,SLen,XG,FD;
for(i=0;i<12;i++) // 根据调号及升降八度来生成新的频率表
{
j = i + Signature;
if(j > 11)
{
j = j-12;
NewFreTab[i] = FreTab[j]2;
}
else
NewFreTab[i] = FreTab[j];
if(Octachord == 1)
NewFreTab[i]>>=2;
else if(Octachord == 3)
NewFreTab[i]<<=2;
}
SoundLength = 0;
while(Sound[SoundLength] != 0x00) //计算歌曲长度
{
SoundLength+=2;
}
Point = 0;
Tone = Sound[Point];
Length = Sound[Point+1]; // 读出第一个音符和它时时值
LDiv0 = 12000/Speed; // 算出1分音符的长度(几个10ms)
LDiv4 = LDiv0/4; // 算出4分音符的长度
LDiv4 = LDiv4-LDiv4SOUND_SPACE; // 普通音最长间隔标准
TR0 = 0;
TR1 = 1;
while(Point < SoundLength)
{
SL=Tone%10; //计算出音符
SM=Tone/10%10; //计算出高低音
SH=Tone/100; //计算出是否升半
CurrentFre = NewFreTab[SignTab[SL-1]+SH]; //查出对应音符的频率
if(SL!=0)
{
if (SM==1) CurrentFre >>= 2; //低音
if (SM==3) CurrentFre <<= 2; //高音
Temp_T = 65536-(50000/CurrentFre)10/(12000000/SYSTEM_OSC);//计算计数器初值
Sound_Temp_TH0 = Temp_T/256;
Sound_Temp_TL0 = Temp_T%256;
TH0 = Sound_Temp_TH0;
TL0 = Sound_Temp_TL0 + 12; //加12是对中断延时的补偿
}
SLen=LengthTab[Length%10]; //算出是几分音符
XG=Length/10%10; //算出音符类型(0普通1连音2顿音)
FD=Length/100;
LDiv=LDiv0/SLen; //算出连音音符演奏的长度(多少个10ms)
if (FD==1)
LDiv=LDiv+LDiv/2;
if(XG!=1)
if(XG==0) //算出普通音符的演奏长度
if (SLen<=4)
LDiv1=LDiv-LDiv4;
else
LDiv1=LDivSOUND_SPACE;
else
LDiv1=LDiv/2; //算出顿音的演奏长度
else
LDiv1=LDiv;
if(SL==0) LDiv1=0;
LDiv2=LDiv-LDiv1; //算出不发音的长度
if (SL!=0)
{
TR0=1;
for(i=LDiv1;i>0;i--) //发规定长度的音
{
while(TF1==0);
TH1 = Sound_Temp_TH1;
TL1 = Sound_Temp_TL1;
TF1=0;
}
}
if(LDiv2!=0)
{
TR0=0; BeepIO=0;
for(i=LDiv2;i>0;i--) //音符间的间隔
{
while(TF1==0);
TH1 = Sound_Temp_TH1;
TL1 = Sound_Temp_TL1;
TF1=0;
}
}
Point+=2;
Tone=Sound[Point];
Length=Sound[Point+1];
}
BeepIO = 0;
}
//
#endif
MOV SP,#2FH ；SP指向2FH
MOV A,#30H
MOV B,#31H
PUSH A ；把寄存器A中的30H存到sp+1（=30H）
PUSH B ；把寄存器B中的31H存到sp+1=（31H）
POP A ；把栈顶的值d给A，即A=31H
POP B ；把栈顶的值d给B，即B=30H
对比原来的A B 的值，可以发现改程序的功能是把A、B的值对换。
“先进后出”这个说法是为了保证保护好的现场能够正确还原。一般情况下就是要先进先出。
1：针对需要开发的设备构建原理图，可以用AD09，PROTEUS软件
2：针对需要实现的功能编程，使用KEIL编写调试（51，AVR单片机）
3：程序编好测试，测试包括功能测试，老化测试，可靠性测试等
单片机编程就是简单的嵌入式软件开发过程，首先你应该精通C语言（当然也有使用汇编语言的，不过主流还是使用C的），能够熟练运用C语言实现相应的单片机要实现的功能。所谓的单片机开发，就必须对单片机有一定的了解。这就是为什么嵌入式的工资高，入门难的原因，它必须要有一定的硬件基础，还需配合很好的编码能力。如果你掌握了单片机硬件，同时也精通编程，那么写单片机程序也就是水到渠成的事了。
先来个汇编的程序，P1接一个共阳极数码管，P0低4位接4个抢答按键，主持人复位采用单片机复位按钮实现。
ORG 0000H
START: MOV A,P0
ORL A,#0F0H
CJNE A,#0FFH,PL0
SJMP START
PL0: LCALL DELAY
MOV A,P0
ORL A,#0F0H
CJNE A,#0FFH,PL1
SJMP START
PL1: JNB ACC0,K1
JNB ACC1,K2
JNB ACC2,K3
JNB ACC3,K4
LJMP START
K1: MOV P1,#0F9H
SJMP $
K2: MOV P1,#0A4H
SJMP $
K3: MOV P1,#0B0H
SJMP $
K4: MOV P1,#99H
SJMP $
DELAY: MOV R6,#15
DEL2: MOV R7,#200
DJNZ R7,$
DJNZ R6,DEL2
RET
END
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